Deck 10: Eighteenth-Century Economic and Social Change

Question 1

Emelian Pugachev claimed to be Tsar Peter III in order to lead

A)a peasant rebellion.
B)a revolt against the Russian Orthodox Church.
C)a reform movement in Moscow.
D)an assassination attempt against Catherine the Great.
E)an invasion of Hungary to free serfs.

Answer 1

a peasant rebellion.

Question 2

During the eighteenth century,bishops in the Catholic Church were often drawn from

A)the merchant class.
B)peasants.
C)landowning families.
D)the pope's extended family.
E)the middle classes.

Answer 2

landowning families.

Question 3

During the 1760s in Denmark,royal decrees forced peasant labor obligations to be replaced with

A)rent payments.
B)increased tithes paid to the Church.
C)taxes paid to the federal government.
D)a village tax.
E)a new payment to support the new colonial trade in the Americas.

Answer 3

rent payments.

Question 4

A fall in the death rate in Europe can be partially attributed to the expansion of the cotton industry,because the material allowed for clothes that could be

A)washed.
B)mended.
C)worn longer.
D)tailored to fit.
E)passed down to siblings.

Question 5

The Industrial Revolution began in

A)America.
B)England.
C)France.
D)Scotland.
E)Italy.

Question 6

The most important invention of the Industrial Revolution was the

A)steam engine.
B)hand loom.
C)spinning jenny.
D)telegraph.
E)flying shuttle.

Question 7

The center of life for peasants was

A)the Church.
B)the village.
C)the lord of the estate.
D)their farm.
E)their country.

Question 8

In the eighteenth century,the tour of France referred to

A)the new tourism industry.
B)the rotation of the army.
C)the education of journeymen in their trade.
D)the annual tour of the French king.
E)the movement of Catholic clergy throughout France.

Question 9

In France,nobles who traced their lineage back to ancestors who had fought for the king were referred to as nobles of the

A)court.
B)palace.
C)castle.
D)sword.
E)robe.

Question 10

What was the largest source of female employment throughout the eighteenth century?

A)mending
B)taking in wash
C)working as a maid
D)cooking for others
E)spinning

Question 11

In the middle decades of the eighteenth century,what profession that required special training and intellectual skills increased the most?

A)physician
B)surgeon
C)banker
D)lawyer
E)trader

Question 12

In which country did peasants have the most independence?

A)France
B)Russia
C)Sweden
D)England
E)Italy

Question 13

During the eighteenth century,nobles drew their wealth and status through ownership of

A)land.
B)castles.
C)crown jewels.
D)stately homes.
E)trading companies.

Question 14

Thomas Malthus believed that the increasing population was bad because it would lead to

A)more wars.
B)an increase in starvation.
C)more people leaving Europe.
D)an increase in disease.
E)a lack of educational opportunities.

Question 15

The term "bourgeoisie" refers to

A)the middle class.
B)gentry.
C)peasants.
D)parish priests.
E)archbishops.

Question 16

Who was Kleinjogg?

A)a duke who decided to live amongst the peasantry
B)a peasant in Switzerland who was able to make his small farm successful
C)the second prime minister of France
D)an English landowner who had an entire village demolished in order to raise cows there
E)the first European scientist to conclude that the spinal cord could function as a pseudo-brain

Question 17

As cities increased in size during the eighteenth century,contemporaries feared

A)a housing shortage.
B)an increase in crime.
C)a drop in rent prices.
D)an increase in rent prices.
E)a decrease in job opportunities.

Question 18

Joint-stock companies encouraged investment in trade by

A)concentrating all liability on the bank.
B)concentrating all liability on the monarch.
C)limiting liability to the amount an investor invested.
D)limiting liability to less than an investor invested.
E)concentrating all liability on the shipping company.

Question 19

In early modern Europe,each person's order or estate was determined by

A)salary.
B)land ownership.
C)birth.
D)marriage.
E)relationship to the king.

Question 20

Which practice in England forced peasants from lands?

A)leaving a field fallow
B)crop rotation
C)open field farming method
D)enclosure
E)sharecropping

Question 21

In the eighteenth century,the poorest of the poor were often

A)peasants.
B)urban workers.
C)elderly widows.
D)farm workers.
E)women who never married.

Question 22

In the eighteenth century,hunting was considered a

A)privilege of the nobility.
B)way for the poor to supplement the meat in their diet.
C)right of all classes.
D)privilege of the king.
E)privilege for all men.

Question 23

What economic,social,geographic and technological factors contributed to Britain's rise in the eighteenth century as the wealthiest nation in the world?

Question 24

What obligations did peasants owe to nobles,and in what other ways did nobles control various aspects of peasants' lives in the eighteenth century?

Question 25

As cities grew throughout Europe in the nineteenth century,what was one sign that towns were taking pride in their development?

A)Townspeople developed their own localized languages,which were mostly incomprehensible to visitors.
B)Citizens increasingly rejected industrialization,preferring to showcase their skills through handmade goods.
C)Every town had multiple sports teams which represented the best of the population.
D)They published guides for visitors and directories listing the names of shops.
E)They refused to let in visitors,claiming self-sufficiency.

Question 26

Although England added the death penalty to almost 200 crimes between 1688 and 1810,the more common punishment of the time was

A)imprisonment.
B)forced repayment plans.
C)banishment.
D)corporal punishment,such as branding.
E)indentured servitude.

Question 27

The first Combination Act in 1721 allowed striking workers to be

A)forced to return to work.
B)sent to Australia.
C)jailed without trial.
D)executed.
E)publically flogged.