Deck 2: Rocks and Minerals-A First Look

Question 1

Rocks that crystallize from magma are

A) Igneous.
B) Metamorphic.
C) Sedimentary.
D) Clastic.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A subgroup of silicates that includes minerals used in ceramics,construction,and drilling for oil is the

A) Clay subgroup.
B) Ferromagnesian subgroup.
C) Mica subgroup.
D) Zeolite subgroup.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The most common minerals in the crust are

A) Carbonates.
B) Silicates.
C) Sulfates.
D) Sulfides.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A mineral is

A) A naturally occurring, crystalline, solid chemical element or compound with a definite or range of composition.
B) Possibly an organic chemical compound.
C) Necessarily inorganic.
D) Both a and c provide the correct definition.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a mineral?

A) Quartz
B) Mica
C) Ice
D) Sugar

Question 6

Which of the following is a member of the sulfide mineral group?

A) Calcite
B) Pyrite
C) Gypsum
D) Mica

Question 7

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are ___________ of that element.

A) Ions
B) Isotopes
C) Electrons
D) Atomic numbers

Question 8

Which of the following is a silicate mineral?

A) Galena
B) Calcite
C) Muscovite
D) Pyrite

Question 9

Native elements are those elements that

A) Do not have more than one isotope.
B) Are all those found naturally in the earth.
C) Are common in rocks of the United States.
D) Occur as minerals consisting of a single element.

Question 10

Silicates rich in iron and/or magnesium are termed

A) Cations.
B) Feldspars.
C) Ferromagnesian.
D) Magnetite.

Question 11

Which of the following physical properties are unreliable and not unique to a particular mineral and so must be used only cautiously when identifying minerals in the absence of scientific instruments?

A) Hardness
B) Cleavage
C) Density
D) Color

Question 12

An atom that has 20 protons and 20 neutrons in its nucleus has this atomic number

A) 20.
B) 40.
C) 400.
D) Cannot determine because not enough information is given.

Question 13

The internal regular arrangement of ions or atoms in a material makes it

A) Amorphous.
B) Non-crystalline.
C) Crystalline.
D) None of the options are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a member of the silicate group of minerals?

A) Quartz
B) Feldspar
C) Mica
D) Diamond

Question 15

Magma that is erupted at the earth's surface is

A) Lava.
B) Coarse-grained.
C) Sedimentary.
D) Granite.

Question 16

Sedimentary rocks include

A) Pieces of other rocks cemented together (sandstone, shale).
B) Chemical precipitates (halite, gypsum).
C) Organically precipitated components cemented together (shells cemented to form limestone).
D) Organically formed materials compressed together (partially decomposed plant material formed into lignite or coal).
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Expansive clays

A) Expand when wet, shrink when dried out.
B) Make a good building foundation because they mold to the structure.
C) Are economically useful sulfide minerals.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following are minerals that comprise a native element

A) Sulfur.
B) Diamond.
C) Graphite.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Rocks that are formed by the crystallization of new minerals in the solid state (i.e.without melting)due to heat and/or pressure are

A) Igneous.
B) Sedimentary.
C) Ultramafic.
D) Metamorphic.

Question 20

Which of the following is an igneous rock?

A) Salt
B) Limestone
C) Granite
D) Gneiss

Question 21

Of the following rocks,one that is metamorphic

A) Rhyolite.
B) Olivine basalt.
C) Garnet schist.
D) Granodiorite.

Question 22

The basic "building blocks" of the silicate minerals are tetrahedra of silicon and carbon.

Question 23

Anions are negatively charged and cations are positively charged.

Question 24

The process by which sediments are converted to sedimentary rocks is called

A) Diagenesis.
B) Metamorphosis.
C) Crystallization.
D) Lithification.

Question 25

Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the crust.

Question 26

Which of the following statements about asbestos is true?

A) Asbestos is a mineral belonging to the carbonate group of minerals.
B) The type of asbestos most commonly used in construction materials (chrysotile or "white asbestos") is also the most hazardous to health.
C) Asbestos can occur in any one of the three rocks types, igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic.
D) Asbestos is a generic term for any mineral crystal that is a fiber (i.e. thin and flexible).

Question 27

An example of a clastic sedimentary rock is

A) Limestone.
B) Gypsum.
C) Shale.
D) Coal.

Question 28

Different isotopes of one element are chemically indistinguishable.

Question 29

The sulfide mineral group includes many valuable ores.

Question 30

Diamond and graphite have the same chemical composition.

Question 31

Plutonic rocks are typically fine grained owing to a faster rate of cooling than volcanic rocks.

Question 32

Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed

A) From the broken-up fragments of preexisting rocks.
B) From chemicals dissolved in solution.
C) At very high temperatures because the grains must be fused together to make rock.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 33

The term cleavage refers to a mineral's tendency to break preferentially in certain directions of the crystal structure.

Question 34

Which of the following rock is an example of an extremely rapid rate of cooling?

A) Granite
B) Rhyolite
C) Obsidian
D) Basalt

Question 35

The concept of the rock cycle is that

A) Rocks are moved around the world by geologic processes.
B) Rocks are continually undergoing change, being transformed into new rocks.
C) The world changes, but rocks are permanent.
D) Rocks must be cycled deep into the crust to be made into different rocks.

Question 36

Isotopes are atomic nuclei that are radioactive.

Question 37

An example of a chemical sedimentary rock is

A) Sandstone.
B) Limestone.
C) Shale.
D) Conglomerate.

Question 38

Differences in magma composition account for the fact that some volcanoes erupt quietly,others explosively.

Question 39

The physical properties of a mineral are often closely related to its internal atomic arrangement or crystal structure.

Question 40

All crystalline materials show well-developed crystal faces; few naturally occurring mineral samples are crystalline.

Question 41

Metamorphic rocks are formed at extremely high temperatures,above those required to form plutonic rocks.

Question 42

An aphanitic igneous rock is one that has erupted from a volcano and is very fine-grained.

Question 43

Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified or named on the basis of the size of the fragments that form the rock.

Question 44

Obsidian (volcanic glass)is an example of a clastic rock.

Question 45

Chemical sedimentary rocks are those precipitated from a silicate melt.

Question 46

The grain size of an igneous rock is generally related to how quickly the melt cooled: the slower the cooling,the coarser the crystals.

Question 47

The particle grain size conglomerate is greater than that of sandstone.

Question 48

Foliation is a texture that is referred for metamorphic rocks.