Deck 9: The Endocrine System

Question 1

All of the following are functions of the anterior pituitary gland except which one?

A) Regulates daily biological rhythms
B) Stimulates the production of sperm
C) Causes wide spread tissue growth
D) Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone

Answer 1

A
Explanation: The pineal gland regulates biological rhythms, while the anterior pituitary gland performs the other functions listed and many more.

Question 2

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

A) Melatonin
B) Growth hormone
C) Gonadotropin hormone
D) Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 2

A
Explanation: The pineal gland secretes melatonin. The hypothalamus secretes growth hormone and gonadotropin hormone. The anterior pituitary secretes follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 3

What is the target tissue for the hypothalamus?

A) Thyroid gland
B) Ovaries
C) Adrenal cortex
D) Anterior pituitary

Answer 3

D
Explanation: The anterior pituitary gland is the target for the hypothalamus.

Question 4

Which statement is true regarding the speed of communication by the nervous system compared to the endocrine system?

A) The nervous system responds to stimulus slower than the endocrine system.
B) The nervous system responds to stimulus quicker than the endocrine system.
C) The nervous system responds to stimulus at the same rate as the endocrine system.
D) The nervous system responds to stimulus and the endocrine system does not.

Question 5

All of the following terms mean adrenal gland except which one?

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) aden/o
C) adren/o
D) adrenal/o

Question 6

What hormone does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

A) Melatonin
B) Oxytocin
C) Gonadotropin hormone
D) Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of estrogen and stimulates sperm production?

A) FSH
B) LH
C) Androgens
D) Testosterone

Question 8

Which of the following combining forms means secrete?

A) aden/o
B) cortic/o
C) crin/o
D) dips/o

Question 9

All of the following are functions of the hypothalamus except which one?

A) Cause the release of FSH and LH
B) Cause the release of ACTH
C) Cause the release of CRH
D) Cause the release of TSH

Question 10

Which of the following combining forms means thirst?

A) aden/o
B) cortic/o
C) crin/o
D) dips/o

Question 11

Which gland functions to regulate daily biological rhythms and inhibit GnRH production?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Pineal gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Thyroid gland

Question 12

Which of the following is not a target tissue for the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

A) Ovaries
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal cortex
D) All of the answers are target tissues for the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 13

Which of the following combining forms means male?

A) andr/o
B) aden/o
C) adren/o
D) adrenal/o

Question 14

What is the function of a gland?

A) To produce hormones
B) To secrete hormones
C) To target certain tissues
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

What type of messenger does the endocrine system use?

A) Neurotransmitter
B) Electrical impulses
C) Hormones
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

All of the following terms mean sugar except which one?

A) gluc/o
B) glyc/o
C) None of the answer choices are correct.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following combining forms means sex glands?

A) andr/o
B) crin/o
C) ster/o
D) gonad/o

Question 18

Which statement is true regarding the specificity of communication by the nervous system compared to the endocrine system?

A) The nervous system can have higher specificity compared to the endocrine system when considering communication with its target.
B) The nervous system can have low specificity while the endocrine system is highly specific as to its target.
C) The nervous system and the endocrine system have the same level of specificity as to their targets.
D) Neither the nervous system nor the endocrine systems are specific to a target.

Question 19

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of testosterone and stimulates ovulation?

A) FSH
B) LH
C) Androgens
D) Testosterone

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

A) Communication through the endocrine system has a slow start.
B) Communication through the endocrine system is less specific as to its target.
C) Communication through the endocrine system is quicker to end than the nervous system.
D) Communication through the endocrine system takes longer to end than the nervous system.

Question 21

What is true about protein hormones?

A) They can bind anywhere within the cell.
B) They can bind anywhere on the cell membrane.
C) They must bind to receptors on the cell membrane.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 22

What is true about steroid hormones?

A) They can bind anywhere within the cell.
B) They can bind anywhere on the cell membrane.
C) They must bind to receptors within the cell either in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
D) Neither of these answers is true.

Question 23

The hormone ADH secreted from the posterior pituitary gland targets what organ?

A) Uterus
B) Liver
C) Bone
D) Kidney

Question 24

Which gland resembles a bow-tie and is located anterior and lateral to the trachea just inferior to the larynx?

A) Pineal gland
B) Hypothalamus
C) Thyroid
D) Pancreas

Question 25

Which gland is connected to the pituitary gland by the infundibulum?

A) Pineal gland
B) Hypothalamus
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 26

Thyroid hormone,epinephrine and melatonin are examples of what category of hormone?

A) Steroids
B) Amino acid derivatives
C) Proteins
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 27

What is the function of the hormone epinephrine?

A) Raise metabolic rate
B) Increase heart rate
C) Increase blood glucose levels
D) All of these are functions of epinephrine.

Question 28

Which term refers to hormones that work on neighboring cells without having to go through blood to get to target tissue?

A) Autocrine
B) Paracrine
C) Endocrine
D) Pheromone

Question 29

Which endocrine gland secretes PTH?

A) Thyroid
B) Parathyroid
C) Testes
D) Pituitary

Question 30

All of the following are general categories of hormones except which one?

A) Steroids
B) Amino acid derivatives
C) Proteins
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 31

Which statement is true about the hormone oxytocin?

A) It stimulates bone reabsorption.
B) It stimulates water retention.
C) It stimulates uterine contractions and the release of milk.
D) It stimulates testosterone secretion.

Question 32

Estrogen,testosterone,progesterone,mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids are examples of what category of hormone?

A) Steroids
B) Amino acid derivatives
C) Proteins
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 33

Which gland is located beneath the posterior end of the corpus callosum in the brain?

A) Pineal gland
B) Hypothalamus
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 34

Insulin,glucagon,calcitonin,and oxytocin are examples of what category of hormone?

A) Steroids
B) Amino acid derivatives
C) Proteins
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 35

All of the following gonads are endocrine glands except which one?

A) Ovaries
B) Testes
C) Mammary
D) All of these gonads are endocrine glands.

Question 36

What does the term autocrine refer to in terms of location of target tissues?

A) Chemicals that cause a response outside of the body in another person
B) Hormones that travel through the blood to get to their target tissue
C) The secretion of a hormone by the cells of the same tissue type that it targets
D) Hormones that work on neighboring cells without having to go through blood to get to target tissue.

Question 37

Which endocrine gland secretes calcitonin?

A) Thyroid
B) Parathyroid
C) Testes
D) Pituitary

Question 38

What is the function of glucagon?

A) To stimulate cells to take in glucose
B) To tell the liver to store excess glucose as glycogen
C) To stimulate the conversion of glycogen to glucose
D) To block the secretion of glycogen converted glucose

Question 39

What hormone is secreted from the adrenal cortex?

A) Mineralocorticoids
B) Glucocorticoids
C) Both of these answers are correct
D) Neither of these answers is correct.

Question 40

Which organ is part of the endocrine and digestive system?

A) Pancreas
B) Pituitary
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenal gland

Question 41

Which statement is true about oxytocin's role in childbirth?

A) Oxytocin stimulates uterine contracts.
B) Oxytocin suppresses uterine contractions.
C) Oxytocin targets the fetus to push on the cervix.
D) Oxytocin is released by the uterus as it contracts, causing more contractions until the baby is born.

Question 42

Mary Beth has just turned 12 years old and is entering puberty.Which statement is true regarding her hormone levels?

A) Estrogen is low.
B) GnRH is high.
C) FSH is low.
D) LH is low.

Question 43

What category of signaling may interest the perfume industry?

A) Autocrine
B) Paracrine
C) Endocrine
D) Pheromone

Question 44

Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

A) TSH
B) FSH
C) CRH
D) ACTH

Question 45

What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A) Stimulate the secretion of growth hormone
B) Stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormone
C) Stimulate the secretion of estrogen hormone
D) Stimulate the secretion of glucocorticoids

Question 46

Which statement is true about up-regulation and down-regulation?

A) Up-regulation is the decrease in the number of receptors for a given hormone and down-regulation is the increase in the number of receptors for a hormone.
B) Up-regulation is the increase in the amount of hormone and down-regulation is the decrease in the amount of hormone.
C) Up-regulation is the increase in the number of receptors for a given hormone and down-regulation is the decrease in the number of receptors for a hormone.
D) Up-regulation is the increase in the number of receptors for a given hormone and down-regulation is the decrease in the amount of hormone.

Question 47

Which statement is false regarding the symptoms of Addison's disease?

A) Addison's disease will cause a decrease in aldosterone production which will result in a decreased ability to control blood pressure and blood volume.
B) Addison's disease will cause a decrease in cortisol which will result in a decreased ability to use fat and protein as fuel.
C) Addison's disease will cause a decrease in cortisol which will result in a decreased ability to deal with inflammation and injury.
D) Addison's disease will cause a decrease in DHEA which will affect a male's ability to develop male sex characteristics.

Question 48

Which statement regarding the half-life of hormones is false?

A) Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones have their half-lives extended by binding to plasma proteins.
B) Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones have unstable levels within the body.
C) Protein hormones have short half-lives.
D) Epinephrine and protein hormones are quickly degraded, recycled or excreted from the body.

Question 49

Karen just ate a piece of birthday cake.Which statement is true about Karen's hormone levels after her snack?

A) Karen's pancreas releases glucagon to raise blood glucose levels.
B) Karen's pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose levels.
C) Karen's pancreas releases glucagon to lower blood glucose levels.
D) Karen's pancreas releases insulin to raise blood glucose levels.

Question 50

How do target tissues regulate their sensitivity to a hormone?

A) They can change the type of hormone needed to cause a response.
B) They can change the shape of the hormone receptor.
C) They can change the number of receptors present.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 51

Which endocrine disorder is characterized by adrenal cortex degeneration?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Gigantism
C) Addison's disease
D) Diabetes insipidis

Question 52

Which of the following is not a method of elimination of hormones from the body?

A) Excretion
B) Conjugation
C) Passive transport
D) Metabolism

Question 53

Which hormone is not produced by the hypothalamus?

A) TSH
B) GnRH
C) CRH
D) GHRH

Question 54

David woke up late for work and did not have time to eat breakfast.He ate dinner at 6pm the previous night and has not eaten since.Which statement is true about David's blood glucose levels?

A) David's blood glucose levels are high.
B) David's blood glucose levels are within normal limits.
C) David's blood glucose levels are low.
D) Neither answer is correct.

Question 55

Sherry has Addison's disease so her ability to produce cortisol is reduced.How does her hypothalamus respond?

A) The hypothalamus will increase the production of CRH in response to low levels of cortisol.
B) The hypothalamus will increase the production of ACTH in response to low levels of cortisol.
C) The hypothalamus will produce cortisol if the adrenal cortex cannot.
D) The hypothalamus does not respond to low levels of cortisol.

Question 56

Mary Beth has just turned 12 years old and is entering puberty.Which statement is true regarding her hormone levels?

A) Melatonin is low.
B) GnRH is low.
C) FSH is low.
D) LH is low.

Question 57

Which of the following does not describe the regulation of hormone secretion?

A) Neural stimulation of a gland
B) Stimulation of a gland by another hormone
C) A substance other than a hormone stimulating a gland
D) All of these describe a method of hormone secretion.

Question 58

What is the term used to describe the length of time it takes for one half of a substance to be eliminated from the circulatory system?

A) Excretion
B) Conjugation
C) Half-life
D) Metabolism

Question 59

David woke up late for work and did not have time to eat breakfast.He ate dinner at 6pm the previous night and has not eaten since.What will be the response of David's hormones?

A) David's pancreas will release glucagon to raise blood glucose levels.
B) David's pancreas will release insulin to raise blood glucose levels.
C) David's liver will release glucagon to raise blood glucose levels.
D) David's liver will release insulin to raise blood glucose levels.

Question 60

What is the function of the anterior pituitary gland?

A) To produce TSH
B) To produce ACTH
C) To produce FSH
D) The anterior pituitary produces all of these hormones.

Question 61

How can urinalysis be used to diagnose endocrine disorders?

A) Urinalysis can determine changes in bone growth.
B) Urinalysis can determine inappropriate levels of chemicals in the urine.
C) Urinalysis produces scans in slices and can show whether a tumor is present.
D) Urinalysis can determine inappropriate levels of chemicals in the blood.

Question 62

What is the function of thyroid hormone?

A) Bone reabsorption
B) Water retention
C) Tissue growth
D) Increase metabolic rate

Question 63

What is the function of TRH?

A) To cause a release of GH
B) To cause a release of TSH
C) To cause a release of ACTH
D) To cause a release of LH

Question 64

What is the function of LH?

A) Testosterone secretion
B) Ovulation
C) Both of these are correct.
D) Neither of these is correct.

Question 65

Which disorder is characterized by excess cortisol or corticosteroid levels in the blood that result from hypersecretion of ACTH from the pituitary gland?

A) Hashimoto's disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Myxedema
D) Graves' disease

Question 66

What is the function of GnRH?

A) To cause a release of GH
B) To cause a release of TSH
C) To cause a release of ACTH
D) To cause a release of LH

Question 67

Which disorder causes hypothyroidism?

A) Hashimoto's disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Myxedema
D) Dwarfism

Question 68

What is the function of GHRH?

A) To cause a release of GH
B) To cause a release of TSH
C) To cause a release of ACTH
D) To cause a release of LH

Question 69

Which statement about the effects of aging on the endocrine system is false?

A) Levels of hormones decline with age.
B) Estrogen and testosterone decrease dramatically with aging.
C) The increase of estrogen and testosterone cause osteoporosis.
D) Some hormone levels remain high but target tissue may lose their sensitivity.

Question 70

What term means excessive thirst?

A) Polyuria
B) Polydipsia
C) Glycosuria
D) Hyperglycemia

Question 71

What is the function of CRH?

A) To cause a release of GH
B) To cause a release of TSH
C) To cause a release of ACTH
D) To cause a release of LH

Question 72

How can DEXA scans be used to diagnose endocrine disorders?

A) DEXA scans can determine changes in bone density as they age.
B) DEXA scans can determine inappropriate levels of chemicals in the urine.
C) DEXA scans can determine changes in bone growth.
D) DEXA scans can determine inappropriate levels of chemicals in the blood.

Question 73

How can x-rays be used to diagnose endocrine disorders?

A) X-rays can determine changes in bone growth.
B) X-rays can detect changes in soft tissue.
C) X-rays produce scans in slices and can show whether a tumor is present.
D) X-rays can determine inappropriate levels of chemicals in the blood.

Question 74

What disorder is characterized by an antibody made by white blood cell that mistakenly fits into the TSH receptor of the thyroid gland and acts like TSH?

A) Acromegaly
B) Grave's disease
C) Diabetes insipidis
D) Dwarfism

Question 75

What term means excessive urination?

A) Polyuria
B) Polydipsia
C) Glycosuria
D) Hyperglycemia

Question 76

What disorder is characterized by an inability to regulate blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin?

A) Acromegaly
B) Grave's disease
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Dwarfism

Question 77

What is the function of ADH?

A) Bone reabsorption
B) Water retention
C) Tissue growth
D) Increase metabolic rate

Question 78

Which disorder causes hyperthyroidism?

A) Hashimoto's disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Myxedema
D) Graves' disease

Question 79

What disorder is characterized by an inability to release sufficient ADH to cause water reabsorption in the kidney?

A) Acromegaly
B) Grave's disease
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Diabetes insipidis

Question 80

What term means glucose in the urine?

A) Polyuria
B) Polydipsia
C) Glycosuria
D) Hyperglycemia