Deck 2: Levels of Organization of the Human Body

Question 1

Which of the following is found orbiting the atom?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Nucleus

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Electrons orbit the atom, while protons and neutrons are found in the atom's nucleus.

Question 2

What is matter?

A) Anything that takes up space
B) Anything that has mass
C) Anything that takes up space and has mass
D) Everything is composed of matter.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: All solids, liquids and gases are composed of matter. Matter is defined as anything that takes up space and has mass.

Question 3

All of the following are a level of organization in the human body except which one?

A) Organs
B) Cells
C) Atoms
D) Tissues

Answer 3

C
Explanation: Atoms and how they bond to form molecules is one of the concepts of the chemical level of organization in the human body.

Question 4

All of the following items are composed of matter except which one?

A) All of the answer choices have matter.
B) The air we breathe
C) The steam formed from boiling water
D) The fumes emitted from a vehicle

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of the function of lipids?

A) Genetic material
B) Transport
C) Fight foreign invaders
D) Store energy

Question 6

If a solution has a pH of 12,which of the following statement is incorrect?

A) The solution is a base.
B) The solution will release hydroxide ions when added to water.
C) The solution is alkaline.
D) The solution will release hydrogen atoms when added to water.

Question 7

What condition results if the blood's pH is less than 7.35?

A) Acidosis
B) Alkalosis
C) Acidic
D) Alkaline

Question 8

Which of the following types of bonding is characterized by two or more atoms sharing electrons to fill their outer shells?

A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Charged bond
D) Hydrogen bond

Question 9

Which of the following lists the levels of organization of the human body in the correct order?

A) chemical level, organelle level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, systems level, organism level
B) chemical level, tissue level, organ level, systems level, organelle level, cellular level, organism level
C) organelle level, chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, systems level, organism level
D) chemical level, organelle level, cellular level, tissue level, organism level, organ level, systems level

Question 10

Which statement correctly describes a hypertonic solution when compared to another solution?

A) The solution is more concentrated with solutes than the other solution.
B) The solution has the same concentration of solutes as the other solution.
C) The solution is less concentrated with solutes than the other solution.
D) The solution is less concentrated with solvent than the other solution.

Question 11

Which organic molecules are responsible for composing DNA as the genetic material of the cell?

A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Nucleic Acids
D) Carbohydrates

Question 12

What is a base?

A) A molecule with a pH of 7
B) A molecule that releases hydroxide ions when added to water
C) A molecule that releases hydrogen atoms when added to water
D) A molecule with a pH less than 7

Question 13

Which of the following correctly describes the atomic number?

A) The combined number of protons and neutrons
B) The number of protons
C) The number of electrons
D) The combined number of protons and electrons

Question 14

All of the following statements describe functions of water except which one?

A) Water chemically bonds molecules to form electrolytes.
B) Water works as a lubricant in tears and the fluid of joints.
C) Water aids in chemical reactions as in saliva during digestion.
D) Water is used to transport nutrients and wastes in blood plasma.

Question 15

All of the following are examples of the function of proteins except?

A) Transport
B) Strength
C) Fight foreign invaders
D) Store energy

Question 16

The organelle level of organization includes which of the following concepts?

A) The study of organ systems working together to create organisms
B) The study of body structures and organs
C) The study of atoms and how they form bonds
D) The study of cellular organelles and how they work together in a living cell

Question 17

What is an acid?

A) A molecule with a pH of 7
B) A molecule that releases hydroxide ions when added to water
C) A molecule that releases hydrogen atoms when added to water
D) A molecule with a pH higher than 7

Question 18

Carbohydrates contain carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen in which of the following ratios?

A) 1:1:1
B) 2:1:2
C) 1:2:1
D) 2:1:1

Question 19

Which forms of an element can be used as a diagnostic tool?

A) Isotopes
B) Radioisotopes
C) Atomic isotopes
D) Radioactive

Question 20

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A) Monosaccharide
B) Amino acid
C) Nucleotide
D) Glycerol

Question 21

The phospholipids in the cell membrane are composed of what?

A) Transport proteins
B) Hydrophilic tails
C) Hydrophobic heads
D) Hydrophobic chains and hydrophilic heads

Question 22

Which statement incorrectly describes active transport?

A) Transport of materials from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration
B) Movement of materials up the concentration gradient
C) Transport of materials across the cell membrane with the use of energy
D) Transport of materials from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 23

What governs the speed of a reaction?

A) The concentration of reactants
B) The temperature of the reaction
C) The presence of a catalyst
D) All of these are correct.

Question 24

Which organelle is responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins?

A) Cell membrane
B) Golgi complex
C) Lysosomes
D) Ribosomes

Question 25

Protein synthesis involves which two stages?

A) Active and passive transport
B) Endocytosis and exocytosis
C) Osmosis and diffusion
D) Transcription and translation

Question 26

Why does the human body use cellular respiration?

A) To release energy within the bonds of the glucose molecule
B) To create carbon dioxide
C) To produce water
D) To allow us to breathe

Question 27

ACGUUGCACGU represents what kind of strand?

A) DNA
B) mRNA
C) rRNA
D) tRNA

Question 28

What is metabolism?

A) The speed of chemical reactions in a human body
B) The sum total of all chemical reactions in the human body
C) The temperature of chemical reactions in the human body
D) The concentration of reactants in chemical reactions within the human body

Question 29

Which of the following correctly describes passive transport?

A) Transport of materials across the cell membrane
B) Transport of materials across the cell membrane up the concentration gradient
C) Transport of materials across the cell membrane with the use of energy
D) Transport of materials across the cell membrane without the use of energy

Question 30

The cell membrane performs all of the following functions except which one?

A) Gives the cell structure
B) Regulates what enters and exits the cell
C) Defines the cell's intracellular and extracellular environment
D) Houses DNA

Question 31

Which statement correctly compares passive and active transport?

A) Passive transport move materials across the cell membrane without the use of energy while active transport move materials across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient with the use of energy.
B) Passive transport move materials across the cell membrane with the use of energy while active transport move materials across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient without the use of energy.
C) Passive transport move materials across the cell membrane with the use of energy while active transport move materials across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient with the use of energy.
D) Passive transport move materials across the cell membrane without the use of energy while active transport move materials across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient without the use of energy.

Question 32

All of the following organelles play a part in synthesizing and processing proteins except which one?

A) Mitochondria
B) Golgi complex
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Ribosomes

Question 33

What is ATP?

A) A usable form of energy for the cell
B) A modified glucose molecule
C) The waste product produced by cellular respiration
D) Adenosine diphosphate

Question 34

The cell membrane contains all of the following except:

A) phospholipid.
B) secretory vesicle.
C) cholesterol.
D) channels.

Question 35

Which organelle regulates what enters and exits the cell?

A) Cell membrane
B) Golgi complex
C) Lysosomes
D) Nucleus

Question 36

All of the following are types of passive transport except which one?

A) Filtration
B) Endocytosis
C) Osmosis
D) Simple diffusion

Question 37

The sodium/potassium pump is an example of what type of transport?

A) Filtration
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active
D) Osmosis

Question 38

What is osmosis?

A) Diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane until concentrations are equal on either side of the membrane
B) Diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane against the concentration gradient
C) Diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane from areas of low concentration to high concentration
D) Diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 39

Which statement correctly describes endocytosis?

A) The movement of materials in bulk out of the cell
B) The movement of materials in bulk into the cell
C) The passive movement of materials out of the cell
D) The movement of small molecules out of the cell

Question 40

Which of the following types of transport require energy?

A) Filtration
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active
D) Osmosis

Question 41

Which of the following is a function of muscle tissue?

A) Movement
B) Communication
C) Structural support
D) Coverage

Question 42

Which of the following stages of protein synthesis reads the mRNA strand and assembles a protein based on the sequence of codons present on the mRNA strand?

A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Ribosomes
D) Transfer

Question 43

Which statement correctly compares chromatin to chromosomes?

A) Chromatin is loosely arranged DNA in the cell's nucleus while the cell is not dividing while chromosomes are tight compact bundles of DNA present during cell division.
B) Chromatin is tightly packed DNA in the cell's nucleus while the cell is not dividing while chromosomes are also tight compact bundles of DNA present during cell division.
C) Chromatin is loosely arranged DNA in the cell's nucleus while the cell is dividing while chromosomes are tight compact bundles of DNA present while the cell is not dividing.
D) Chromatin is tightly packed DNA in the cell's nucleus while the cell is not dividing while chromosomes are loosely arranged bundles of DNA present during cell division.

Question 44

Which of the following statements correctly describes muscle tissue?

A) Tissue that lines and covers all body surfaces
B) Tissue that allows for communication through chemical and electrical signals
C) Tissue that allows movements through the contraction of cells
D) Tissue that has cells and fibers in a matrix

Question 45

All of the following are tissue classifications except which one?

A) Epithelial
B) Muscle
C) Neurons
D) Connective

Question 46

Which of the following statements correctly describes nervous tissue?

A) Tissue that lines and covers all body surfaces
B) Tissue that allows for communication through chemical and electrical signals
C) Tissue that allows movements through the contraction of cells
D) Tissue that has cells and fibers in a matrix

Question 47

Which of the following statements correctly describes the parent cell and daughter cells in mitosis?

A) In mitosis, the parent cell divides to become two identical daughter cells.
B) In mitosis, the parent cell divides to become two different daughter cells.
C) In mitosis, the parent cell divides to become one identical daughter cell.
D) In mitosis, the parent cell divides to become two identical sex cells.

Question 48

What is the total number of chromosomes in the daughter cell after mitosis?

A) 12
B) 23
C) 46
D) 92

Question 49

Which of the following statements best describes mitosis?

A) Mitosis is a type of cell division that involves all cell types in the human body.
B) Mitosis is a type of cell division that involves sperm and egg cells.
C) Mitosis is a type of cell division that involves all cell types except sperm and egg cells.
D) Mitosis is a type of cell division.

Question 50

What is telomerase?

A) An enzyme present in cancer cells that repairs telomere damage during replication making the cancer cell immortal
B) An enzyme present in normal cells that repairs telomere damage during replication making the normal cell immortal
C) An enzyme present in normal cells that repairs telomere damage during replication
D) An enzyme present in cancer cells that repairs telomere damage during replication making the cancer cell die

Question 51

Which of the following is a function of connective tissue?

A) Movement
B) Communication
C) Structural support
D) Coverage

Question 52

Which statement best describes meiosis?

A) Meiosis is a type of cell division that involves all cell types in the human body.
B) Meiosis is a type of cell division that involves sperm and egg cells.
C) Meiosis is a type of cell division that involves all cell types except sperm and egg cells.
D) Meiosis is a type of cell division.

Question 53

Which of the following is a function of nervous tissue?

A) Movement
B) Communication
C) Structural support
D) Protection

Question 54

What is histology?

A) The study of tissues
B) The study of the human body
C) The study of the history of anatomy
D) The study of physiology

Question 55

All of the following statements describe the consequences of mutations in DNA replication except which one?

A) The mutation can benefit the cell.
B) The mutation can be detrimental to the cell.
C) The mutation will be passed to future daughter cells.
D) There is no mechanism for proofreading DNA replication in order to avoid mutations.

Question 56

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

A) Movement
B) Communication
C) Structural support
D) Coverage

Question 57

Which of the following is a correct statement about cardiac muscle?

A) Cardiac muscle cells are branched and multinucleated.
B) Cardiac muscle is striated and voluntary.
C) Cardiac muscle is smooth and involuntary.
D) Cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary.

Question 58

Which of the following statements correctly describes epithelial tissue?

A) Epithelial tissues cover and line all body surfaces including organs, vessels, and ducts.
B) Epithelial tissues allow for movement of the body.
C) Epithelial tissues have fibers in a matrix.
D) Epithelial tissues allow for communication within the body by using electrical and chemical signals.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a shape of an epithelial cell?

A) Cuboidal
B) Squamous
C) Columnar
D) Stratified

Question 60

Which statement correctly represents the function of telomeres?

A) Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that help stabilize them.
B) Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that help them replicate.
C) Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that the cell age.
D) Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that allow the chromosome to stick to other chromosomes.

Question 61

What is the function of neuroglia?

A) Communication
B) Protection and support
C) Movement
D) Coverage

Question 62

Which answer choice is not considered a type of connective tissue?

A) Bone
B) Blood
C) Muscle
D) Cartilage

Question 63

What type of cartilage is found in the ear?

A) Hyaline cartilage connective tissue
B) Elastic cartilage connective tissue
C) Fibrocartilage connective tissue
D) Fibroelastic cartilage connective tissue

Question 64

Which answer choice refers to premature tissue death caused by disease,infection,toxins or trauma?

A) Atrophy
B) Necrosis
C) Hypertrophy
D) Apoptosis

Question 65

Which statement describes hypertrophy?

A) Tissue growth is achieved by an increase in the number of cells.
B) Tissue growth is achieved by an increase in cell size.
C) Tissue growth is achieved by a decrease in the number of cells.
D) Tissue growth is achieved by a decrease in cell size.

Question 66

Which statement correctly compares necrosis and apoptosis?

A) Necrosis is premature tissue death caused by disease, infection, toxins or trauma, and apoptosis is programmed cell death.
B) Necrosis is prolonged tissue death caused by disease, infection, toxins or trauma, and apoptosis is programmed cell death.
C) Necrosis is programmed tissue death caused by disease, infection, toxins or trauma, and apoptosis is programmed cell death.
D) Necrosis is premature tissue death caused by diseases, infection, toxins or trauma, and apoptosis is premature cell death.

Question 67

What type of cartilage is found in the nose?

A) Hyaline cartilage connective tissue
B) Elastic cartilage connective tissue
C) Fibrocartilage connective tissue
D) Fibroelastic cartilage connective tissue

Question 68

What is neoplasia?

A) Tissue growth is achieved by an increase in the number of cells.
B) Tissue growth is achieved by an increase in cell size.
C) Controlled cell growth.
D) Uncontrolled cell growth.

Question 69

Which term refers to shrinkage of tissue due to a decrease in cell size?

A) Atrophy
B) Necrosis
C) Hypertrophy
D) Apoptosis

Question 70

Which of the following is not one of the three types of cartilage?

A) Hyaline cartilage connective tissue
B) Elastic cartilage connective tissue
C) Fibrocartilage connective tissue
D) Fibroelastic cartilage connective tissue

Question 71

Which of the following incorrectly describes a benign neoplasm?

A) A neoplasm that remains localized
B) A neoplasm that is encapsulated
C) A neoplasm that does not metastasize
D) A neoplasm in which cells have broken off and traveled to other parts of the body where they are producing more abnormal cells

Question 72

Which of the following statements correctly compares skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

A) Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, while cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary.
B) Skeletal muscle is smooth and voluntary, while cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary.
C) Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, while cardiac muscle is striated and voluntary.
D) Skeletal muscle is striated and involuntary, while cardiac muscle is smooth and involuntary.

Question 73

The respiratory track is lined with which tissue type?

A) Muscle
B) Connective
C) Epithelial
D) Nervous

Question 74

What is programmed cell death?

A) Atrophy
B) Necrosis
C) Hypertrophy
D) Apoptosis

Question 75

What describes the change of tissue from one type to another?

A) Neoplasia
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Cytoplasia

Question 76

Which of the following correctly describes a malignant neoplasm?

A) A neoplasm that remains localized
B) A neoplasm that is encapsulated
C) A neoplasm that does not metastasize
D) A neoplasm in which cells have broken off and traveled to other parts of the body where they are producing more abnormal cells

Question 77

Which of the following correctly describes transitional epithelial tissue?

A) A single layer of epithelial cells
B) Stacked layers of epithelial cells
C) Epithelial tissue designed to stretch
D) Epithelial tissue appears to be layered

Question 78

Which term describes a stacked layer of epithelial cells?

A) Simple
B) Stratified
C) Pseudostratified
D) Transitional

Question 79

Which statement describes hyperplasia?

A) Tissue growth is achieved by an increase in the number of cells.
B) Tissue growth is achieved by an increase in cell size.
C) Tissue growth is achieved by a decrease in the number of cells.
D) Tissue growth is achieved by a decrease in cell size.

Question 80

Which connective tissue type functions in storing lipids?

A) Blood
B) Bone
C) Adipose
D) Cartilage