Deck 6: Power, statecraft, and the National State: The Traditional Structure

Question 1

Nationals of which state can continue to vote in presidential elections even though they have emigrated to the United States?

A) Mexico
B) Jamaica
C) Canada
D) Cuba

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The instrumental theory of government could be summarized as

A) government is a means to achieve goals for society.
B) government is a source of political identity.
C) government is an instrument of the powerful.
D) government functions like an orchestra with many parts working together.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Persuading others to follow your lead is known as

A) hard power.
B) relative power.
C) fuzzy power.
D) soft power.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Separatist movements challenge which of the following criteria for a state?

A) internal organization
B) diplomatic recognition
C) domestic support
D) population

Question 5

A state has sovereignty when it

A) has a territory.
B) has an internal organization.
C) does not recognize as legitimate any higher authority.
D) has independence.

Question 6

An example of a state that continues to exist legally in spite of lacking internal organization would be

A) Somalia.
B) Kenya.
C) Puerto Rico.
D) Taiwan.

Question 7

The "state of nature" refers to

A) the way the world is.
B) a condition in which there is no political organization.
C) the ecological health of a given territory.
D) a situation in which each person is treated equally by law.

Question 8

Locke argued that humans abandoned the state of nature for which of the following reasons?

A) To better conquer other peoples
B) To improve life through cooperation
C) Nationalism
D) Life without government is dangerous

Question 9

All of the following are true about the conditions surrounding the founding of Israel except

A) the United States recognized the state of Israel.
B) the Soviet Union recognized the state of Israel.
C) most Arab nations considered the new state the result of Zionist invaders.
D) its Arab neighbors immediately granted diplomatic recognition.

Question 10

When a state's population grants it the authority to make rules and to govern,the state has

A) sovereignty.
B) legitimacy.
C) nationhood.
D) popularity.

Question 11

In the United Nations,there is a legal equality between states because of the principle of

A) reciprocity.
B) distributive justice.
C) sovereignty.
D) analyticity.

Question 12

According to some,which state does not have physical borders?

A) Albania
B) Bosnia-Herzegovina
C) Palestine
D) the Holy See

Question 13

Which of the following is not an important reason for states to seek diplomatic recognition?

A) States are the only legal entities that can buy weapons from another state.
B) States are the only legal entities that can sell government bonds.
C) Diplomatic recognition helps states to establish geographic boundaries.
D) It is much easier to establish international trade relations with other states.

Question 14

Realists are often concerned about which misuse of power?

A) doing things that are morally objectionable
B) wasting power on marginal goals
C) going against the will of international organizations
D) fighting unprovoked wars

Question 15

Hobbes argued that humans abandoned the state of nature for which of the following reasons?

A) To better conquer other peoples
B) To improve life through cooperation
C) Nationalism
D) Life without government is dangerous

Question 16

____________ has the smallest population of any state while ________ has the largest population.

A) Luxembourg; India
B) Liechtenstein; China
C) San Marino; Brazil
D) The Holy See (Vatican); China

Question 17

Democratic peace theory is the notion that

A) if democracies disband their militaries, war can be eliminated from the world.
B) democracies refuse to go to war.
C) democracies prefer to negotiate, but go to war if necessary.
D) democracies will go to war, but only against authoritarian countries.

Question 18

The informal agreement that is forged between citizens and the state is often know as

A) the social contract.
B) the constitution.
C) the state of nature.
D) sovereignty.

Question 19

Israel declared its independence in

A) 1776.
B) 1948.
C) 1980.
D) 1977.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic of states?

A) sovereignty
B) territory
C) universal suffrage
D) diplomatic recognition

Question 21

The major tensions between the United States and North Korea in recent years have been over which issue?

A) Trade relations between the two countries
B) North Korea's nuclear program
C) North Korea's support for terrorism
D) The return of prisoners from the Korean War

Question 22

The infusion of interest groups,legislatures and public opinion into the foreign policy process is referred to as

A) open diplomacy.
B) parliamentary diplomacy.
C) multilateral diplomacy.
D) democratized diplomacy.

Question 23

Many are concerned that the Iraq War has diminished U.S.

A) hard power.
B) soft power.
C) relative power.
D) relational power.

Question 24

An example of absolute power would be a country's

A) economic growth rate.
B) nuclear arsenal.
C) population base.
D) leadership.

Question 25

Taiwan,has a curious legal status because

A) it lacks a government.
B) many countries officially consider it to be a part of China.
C) it has declared independence seven different times.
D) it is a territory officially shared by the United States and China.

Question 26

The idea that for negotiations to be successful solutions must be acceptable at the international and domestic level is known as

A) balance-of-power theory.
B) two-level game theory.
C) a zero-sum game.
D) the negotiator's dilemma.

Question 27

Multilateral diplomacy has increased for all of the following reasons except

A) its attractiveness to small states.
B) growing norms of international cooperation through IGOs.
C) technology that makes more frequent contacts possible.
D) the reduction of war in international relations.

Question 28

One of the drawbacks to leader-to-leader diplomacy is that

A) travel can place a tremendous strain on leaders.
B) important things rarely happen.
C) they are very expensive.
D) they often creates problems for professional diplomats.

Question 29

Negotiation through debate and voting in IGOs is known as

A) open diplomacy.
B) parliamentary diplomacy.
C) multilateral diplomacy.
D) democratized diplomacy.

Question 30

Multilateral diplomacy involves

A) conferences involving a number of nations.
B) direct negotiations between two countries.
C) the participation of the UN.
D) the threat of force.

Question 31

According to the authors,which of the following is not an advantage of leader-to-leader diplomacy?

A) Face-to-face meetings can have high symbolic value
B) Leaders often make dramatic and surprising progress when negotiating directly.
C) Face-to-face meetings can facilitate further communications between the two countries.
D) Political leaders make statements that cannot be easily retracted.

Question 32

When scholars evaluate the power capacities of countries in relation to one another they are examining

A) hard power.
B) soft power.
C) relative power.
D) balance of power.

Question 33

Which perspective is most likely to dismiss the concept of soft power?

A) realism
B) liberalism
C) constructivism
D) Marxism

Question 34

Which of the following is not a form of authoritarianism?

A) Monarchism
B) Communism
C) Fascism
D) Hard power

Question 35

The U.S.toppling of the Taliban in Afghanistan was prompted by the

A) high levels of opium being produced in Afghanistan.
B) development of biological weapons by the Afghan government.
C) September 11 attacks launched by al Qaeda.
D) destruction of ancient Buddhist statues by the Taliban.

Question 36

Prior to the 20^th century most diplomacy was

A) public.
B) bilateral.
C) multilateral.
D) parliamentary.

Question 37

Power is often presented as a zero-sum game.This means that

A) a gain by one actor means a loss by another.
B) nobody can win in the struggle for power.
C) no matter how hard countries try they can not change the distribution of power.
D) power is not real but merely a game.

Question 38

In 2002,negotiations broke down between U.S.President George W.Bush and German Chancellor

A) Gerhard Schroder
B) Angela Merkel
C) Henry Kissinger
D) Nicolas Sarkozy

Question 39

Which powerful country has a limited impact on international politics because it has a limited "will to power?"

A) China
B) India
C) Russia
D) Japan

Question 40

Which of the following is not considered part of a country's power assets?

A) Military strength
B) Economic strength
C) Leadership
D) Age

Question 41

U.S.efforts to win votes for a UN Security Council resolution supporting the U.S.invasion of Iraq would be an example of

A) parliamentary diplomacy.
B) democratized diplomacy.
C) public diplomacy.
D) multilateral diplomacy.

Question 42

Indirect negotiations are often used when

A) countries do not want to legitimize another country through direct contact.
B) countries do not have the resources to establish a permanent embassy.
C) countries have little to talk about.
D) two countries are at war.

Question 43

According to the authors,minimizing a dispute means to

A) frame an issue narrowly, avoiding overreactions and distraction from other issues on the agenda.
B) invoke images of national survival or world peace.
C) put an issue before the UN or other IGO to avoid media attention.
D) limit a leaders access to information on an issue.

Question 44

A common criticism of the national interest as a guide for foreign policy is that

A) it is too concerned with the common good.
B) it makes states too cautious about engaging in war.
C) there is no objective national interest.
D) it is hard to get people to support something that is in the national interest.

Question 45

One argument that states are destructive rests on their tendency to kill their own citizens.How many people,according to one estimate,have died as a result of tyranny and genocide?

A) 800,000
B) 8 million
C) 80 million
D) 800 million

Question 46

Since the middle of the 20th century the number of states has

A) remained constant.
B) increased slightly.
C) doubled.
D) decreased slightly.

Question 47

Which of the following is not a major purpose of sates?

A) Providing physical safety
B) Providing economic prosperity
C) Providing international prosperity
D) Providing for the general welfare

Question 48

Disease transmission is increasingly becoming a global rather than national issue because

A) people travel across borders faster and more frequently.
B) most states do not have effective health systems.
C) diseases are mutating as a result of pollution.
D) states simply do not care about the issue.

Question 49

When asked about the future of the sovereign state as a mode of political organization,most political scientists

A) recognize not only the decline of the state, but are reasonably certain that it will be displaced by a new mode of political organization sometime in the 21^st century.
B) recognize the decline of the state, but do not predict its demise in the foreseeable future.
C) dismiss claims on the decline of the state as belonging to a small minority of scholars.
D) dismiss claims on the decline of the state and assert that, to the contrary, the state has only grown stronger in recent years.

Question 50

An effort to craft an image of one's country to project to the world is known as

A) open diplomacy.
B) democratic diplomacy.
C) image diplomacy.
D) public diplomacy.

Question 51

A potential drawback to the use of coercive diplomacy is that

A) it is rarely effective.
B) countries may have to follow through on their threats.
C) it makes it impossible to use incentives.
D) states often are unaware of threats being made against them.

Question 52

Scholars predict the demise of the state for all of the following reasons except that the state is

A) too destructive.
B) too limited.
C) too powerful.
D) no longer functional.

Question 53

An advantage of low-level diplomacy is that

A) states can float "trial balloons" by testing out new policies.
B) countries are more likely to pay attention to professional diplomats than heads of state.
C) because-low level officials cannot change policy they have a strong negotiating position.
D) there are rarely miscommunications.

Question 54

In what way has sovereignty changed in the recent past?

A) strengthened a great deal
B) gradually strengthened
C) gradually eroded
D) eroded a great deal

Question 55

Which of the following is not an example of sovereignty weakening?

A) NATO's attack on Yugoslavia to stop the attacks on Kosovar Albanians.
B) The trial of former Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic at the International Criminal Court.
C) The demands of the UN secretary-general that Sudan halt its massacre of people in Darfur.
D) the nationalist demand for Kurdish independence from Turkey

Question 56

Which of the following is not cited as a reason that states are destructive?

A) states kill their own citizens
B) states pursing their own interests leads to conflict
C) states are unstable
D) states often harm their own economies through over taxation.

Question 57

The dominant political class within a country is known as the

A) political party.
B) power elite.
C) management gurus.
D) activists.

Question 58

Of people killed in wars over the last 500 years,the 20th century has seen

A) the vast majority of the combat deaths.
B) a slightly higher portion of combat deaths.
C) a slightly diminished portion of combat deaths.
D) only a relative handful of battle related deaths.

Question 59

When states attempt to frame an issue as a core principle,then they are attempting to

A) maximize the issue.
B) centralize the issue.
C) legitimize the issue.
D) downplay the issue.

Question 60

A drawback of open diplomacy is that

A) war is more likely.
B) the amount of diplomacy has become excessive.
C) it may be difficult to make concessions in negotiations.
D) nothing ever gets accomplished.

Question 61

A zero-sum gain in power by one state inevitably means a loss by another state.

Question 62

One reason states are increasingly seen as obsolete is that many problems require coordinated international efforts to solve.

Question 63

Leader-to-leader diplomacy rarely accomplishes anything because it involves only low-level officials.

Question 64

A state's power depends in part on the situation and context in which the power is being applied.

Question 65

Power is a relatively easy concept to define and measure

Question 66

The most important political characteristic of a state is territory.

Question 67

A major disadvantage of low level diplomacy is that it often closes off options and results in inflexible positions.

Question 68

What is the difference between hard and soft power?

Question 69

Idealists see power as a zero-sum game.

Question 70

What is a state?

Question 71

What does it mean for a state to be "sovereign"?

Question 72

Sometimes a small country,though sovereign,is so dominated by a powerful neighbor that its independence is questionable.

Question 73

Crafting a positive public image of a state is an important part of modern diplomacy.

Question 74

What are the six characteristics that define a state?

Question 75

The future of the state as a mode of political organization is well-known.

Question 76

The politics that occur within IGOs are sometimes referred to as parliamentary diplomacy.

Question 77

Political executives are generally the only political actors shaping foreign policy.

Question 78

Describe the motivations put forward by Locke and Hobbes for the creation of governments.

Question 79

San Marino is a member of the United Nations.

Question 80

Today multilateral diplomacy is more common than it was several hundred years ago.