Deck 19: Union Organizing Campaigns and Collective Bargaining

Question 1

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)has ruled that boulwarism is not good-faith bargaining.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has ruled that boulwarism is not good-faith bargaining and is therefore illegal.

Question 2

Good-faith bargaining requires the parties involved in a dispute to agree.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: Good-faith bargaining does not require the parties to agree; it merely obligates them to make a good-faith attempt to reach an agreement.

Question 3

It is an illegal labor practice for one party in a collective bargaining agreement to insist on bargaining about a permissive issue.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: In collective bargaining, an issue on which the parties are not required to bargain is called a nonmandatory, or permissive, issue. During contract negotiations, the parties (if both agree) may bargain about permissive issues, but neither party is legally required to do so. Furthermore, it is an illegal labor practice for one party to insist on bargaining about a permissive issue.

Question 4

Over 60 percent of employees in an organization must sign authorization cards before the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)may be requested to come in and supervise a union election.

Question 5

During mediation,a mediator imposes binding contract conditions on two parties who cannot reach agreement by themselves.

Question 6

Coordinated bargaining occurs when several labor unions bargain jointly with a single employer.

Question 7

The Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)serves as a counterpart to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)for federal sector employees.

Question 8

Generally,employees in favor of a union can orally solicit support from other employees in work and nonwork areas during work time.

Question 9

Management can prohibit union organizers from entering company property.

Question 10

Union security clauses deal with the status of employee membership in a union and attempt to ensure that the union has continuous strength.

Question 11

Under conventional interest arbitration,an arbitrator is restricted to selecting the final offer of one of the parties involved in a dispute.

Question 12

Gissel bargaining orders are issued by the management of a company.

Question 13

Under productivity bargaining,unions and management develop a contract whereby the union agrees to exchange old work procedures and methods for new and more effective ones in return for gains in pay and working conditions.

Question 14

The main issues contributing to the decision of employees to join a union are wages,benefits,working conditions,and job security.

Question 15

An employer is prohibited from conducting polls to verify a labor union's strength prior to an election.

Question 16

One of the responsibilities of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)is to provide mediators to assist in resolving negotiation impasses.

Question 17

The primary exception to the captive-audience doctrine is that management is prohibited from giving a speech on company time to a mass employee audience in the 48 hours immediately before a union election.

Question 18

Women,minorities,and the most recently hired employees can be adversely affected by a seniority system.

Question 19

A recent trend has been an attempt by the management of many organizations to eliminate or restrict the use of cost-of-living adjustments (COLA)clauses.

Question 20

Strikes and lockouts are two names for the same type of job action.

Question 21

Employees opposing unionization would likely cite any of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) political influence peddling.
B) inadequacy of company management.
C) misuse of union dues.
D) pressure to go along with union decisions.

Question 22

If at least ____ percent of the employees in an organization sign the authorization cards,the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)may be requested to come in and supervise an election organized to vote for or against representation by a union.

A) 80
B) 60
C) 50
D) 30

Question 23

A group of employees in a plant,firm,or industry that is recognized by an employer,agreed on by the involved parties,or designated by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)or its regional director as appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining is known as a(n):

A) community of interest.
B) focus group.
C) strategic group.
D) election unit.

Question 24

A form of bargaining in which several unions bargain jointly with a single employer is known as:

A) coordinated bargaining.
B) pattern bargaining.
C) Gissel bargaining.
D) bad faith bargaining.

Question 25

Which of the following would be considered an unfair labor practice during the election campaign of a labor union?

A) Threatening or coercing of employees by union organizers
B) Management speaking against the union on company time to employees
C) Soliciting support for unions from employees in work areas
D) Distributing union literature during nonworking time

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true about arbitration?

A) Interest arbitration is frequently used in the private sector.
B) Arbitration is most frequently used in the resolution of grievances between the parties involved in a dispute during a contract period.
C) Arbitration can seldom be used to resolve impasses during collective bargaining.
D) Conventional interest arbitration requires an arbitrator to listen to arguments from both parties of a dispute and make a nonbinding decision.

Question 27

When can a union make a direct request to an employer to become the bargaining agent of the employees?

A) When less than 30 percent of the employees sign authorization cards
B) When National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) rejects a petition for an election
C) When more than 50 percent of the employees sign authorization cards
D) When employees have membership in more than one labor union

Question 28

The end result of collective bargaining is a(n):

A) disciplinary action.
B) injunction.
C) contract.
D) embargo.

Question 29

Under the ____,management has the right to speak against a union on company time to employees and require employees to attend the meeting.

A) just cause doctrine
B) captive-audience doctrine
C) conspiracy doctrine
D) contract bar doctrine

Question 30

Patrolling at or near an employer's facility by individuals carrying signs to publicize the fact that a union is requesting an election to become the bargaining agent for the employees of the organization is known as:

A) collective bargaining.
B) informational picketing.
C) a secondary boycott.
D) an employer lockout.

Question 31

When a management makes its best offer at the outset of bargaining and firmly adheres to the offer throughout the bargaining sessions,it is known as:

A) Gissel bargaining.
B) a recognition bar.
C) boulwarism.
D) a contract bar.

Question 32

Mediation is also called:

A) conciliation.
B) arbitration.
C) coordinated bargaining.
D) Gissel bargaining.

Question 33

True Workers Union,a regional labor union,has been campaigning in several organizations to interest employees in joining it.Which of the following statements is true regarding soliciting support from employees?

A) Support for the union can be solicited only during nonworking time.
B) Support for the union can be solicited only in nonwork areas.
C) Union literature can be distributed during work time.
D) Management has no authority to limit the distribution of union literature to nonwork areas.

Question 34

During the election campaign of a labor union,management can:

A) promise to provide benefits in the future in the event of nonunionization.
B) initiate a campaign against the union, emphasizing the costs of unionization.
C) threaten to withhold benefits in the event of unionization.
D) question employees individually about their preferences.

Question 35

A ____ occurs when the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)prohibits an election for up to 12 months after an employer voluntarily recognizes a union.

A) certification bar
B) secondary boycott
C) employer lockout
D) recognition bar

Question 36

Which of the following is true about boulwarism?

A) It is named after a Ford vice president.
B) It is not illegal.
C) It involves a continuous revision of offers from management.
D) It is not good-faith bargaining.

Question 37

How is mediation different from arbitration?

A) Mediation involves a neutral third party, whereas arbitration does not.
B) Mediators, unlike arbitrators, cannot impose decisions on the parties involved in a dispute.
C) Mediation is limited to the public sector, whereas arbitration is limited to the private sector.
D) Mediators, unlike arbitrators, charge a fee for their services.

Question 38

The election for certification of a union as an exclusive bargaining agent is done by conducting a:

A) voice vote.
B) secret ballot.
C) show of hands.
D) straw poll.

Question 39

Once a contract is agreed between an organization's management and a union,the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)does not normally permit an election in the bargaining unit covered by the contract until the contract expires,up to a maximum of three years.This is known as:

A) boulwarism.
B) the contract bar doctrine.
C) privity of contract.
D) the conspiracy doctrine.

Question 40

The process in which the parties involved in a dispute agree to settle their dispute through the use of an independent third party,who imposes a binding decision,is called:

A) arbitration.
B) mediation.
C) conciliation.
D) coordinated bargaining.

Question 41

Explain the captive-audience doctrine.

Question 42

____ involves asking labor unions to make concessions on wages and benefits and occurs in industries especially hard hit by foreign competition.

A) Take-back-bargaining
B) Coordinated bargaining
C) Pattern bargaining
D) Plea bargaining

Question 43

When employees collectively refuse to work,it is known as a:

A) checkoff.
B) closed shop.
C) lockout.
D) strike.

Question 44

Discuss the various reasons for employees opposing unionization.

Question 45

Explain the terms certification bar,recognition bar,and the contract bar doctrine.

Question 46

What are the various reasons for employees joining a union?

Question 47

Explain the terms lockout,strike,and checkoff.

Question 48

Write a short note on arbitration.Discuss the different types of arbitration.

Question 49

A provision for ____ does not require that an employee join a union,but employees who do join are required to remain members for a stipulated period of time as a condition of employment.

A) union shop
B) maintenance of membership
C) closed shop
D) employment at will

Question 50

Universal Workers Union (UWU)has initiated an organizing campaign on the request of a few employees.What are the various restrictions placed on the union when soliciting support from the employees?

Question 51

An arrangement between an employer and a union under which the employer agrees to withhold union dues,initiation fees,and assessments from the employees' paychecks and submit this money to the union is termed as a(n):

A) lockout.
B) checkoff.
C) open shop.
D) embargo.

Question 52

Under a(n)____ provision,employees are not required to actually join a union,but they are required to pay the equivalent of union dues as a condition of employment.

A) agency shop
B) closed shop
C) open shop
D) union shop

Question 53

Define collective bargaining.What are the basic components of the collective bargaining process?

Question 54

Describe a bargaining unit.

Question 55

A refusal of an employer to let employees work is known as a:

A) strike.
B) closed shop.
C) lockout.
D) checkoff.

Question 56

In the context of collective bargaining agreements,an issue on which an employer and a union are not required to bargain is called a(n)____.

A) mandatory issue
B) permissive issue
C) settled issue
D) exclusive issue

Question 57

A(n)____ requires that all employees in a bargaining unit join a union and retain membership as a condition of employment.

A) agency shop
B) union shop
C) employment at will clause
D) exclusivity of employment clause

Question 58

Seniority systems are designed to benefit employees:

A) with work experience in two or more organizations.
B) who are categorized under minority groups.
C) who perform above the industry standards.
D) with greater length of service.

Question 59

A ____ results when an employer agrees with a union not to handle or use the goods or services of another employer.

A) contract bar
B) recognition bar
C) closed shop
D) hot-cargo clause

Question 60

Explain any three contract provisions related to union security.