Deck 26: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Question 1

When blood sugar is low,______ from the pancreas stimulates the breakdown of _______ in the liver.

A) insulin;glycogen
B) glycogen;glucose
C) glucagon;glycogen
D) insulin;glucagon
E) glucagon;protein

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Selective reabsorption of components of the glomerular filtrate occurs where?

A) Bowman's capsule
B) Glomerulus
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The production of hypertonic urine in mammals and birds is accomplished by the:

A) loop of Henle
B) ureter
C) Bowman's capsule
D) glomerulus

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following are regulated by the kidneys?

A) Blood pressure
B) Blood volume
C) Plasma sodium levels
D) Blood pH
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

What type of animal uses Malpighian tubules for excretion?

A) Birds
B) Insects
C) Mammals
D) Fish

Question 6

Only mammals and birds can produce urine that is _______.

A) isotonic
B) hypertonic
C) hypotonic

Question 7

Which of the following is not part of the normal glomerular filtrate?

A) Blood cells
B) Glucose
C) Amino acids
D) Ions
E) Water

Question 8

By what means does the Paramecium remove metabolic wastes?

A) With a flame cell
B) With a contractile vacuole
C) With Malpighian tubules
D) With a nephron

Question 9

Which excretory organs are found in insects?

A) Malpighian tubules
B) Nephridia
C) Nephron
D) Protonephridia

Question 10

All of the following are endothermic except:

A) fish
B) rabbits
C) pigeon
D) mice
E) turkey

Question 11

Blood flows into the ______________ and components of plasma are forced through the walls of this specialized capillary into the nephron.

A) Bowman's capsule
B) glomerulus
C) loop of Henle
D) collecting duct

Question 12

Which simple excretory system is present in the flatworm?

A) Malpighian tubules
B) Nephridia
C) Nephron
D) Protonephridia

Question 13

The filtering device at the top of each nephron is called a:

A) loop of Henle
B) ureter
C) Bowman's capsule
D) glomerulus

Question 14

The kidneys of the _____ are so efficient it never has to drink water.

A) frog
B) turtle
C) kangaroo rat
D) kangaroo
E) camel

Question 15

Which organ detects and responds to changes in blood glucose levels?

A) Liver
B) Gallbladder
C) Thymus
D) Pancreas
E) Thyroid

Question 16

Which part of the brain detects thirst and produces antidiuretic hormone?

A) Cerebrum
B) Corpus callosum
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Question 17

Bony fish have body fluids that are ___ to seawater,so they continuously drink seawater and actively pump out _____.

A) hypertonic;iron
B) hypotonic;ions
C) isotonic;glucose
D) isotonic;ions

Question 18

One major function of the kidneys is water conservation.What portion of the nephrons is responsible for that function when water is lacking in the diet?

A) Bowman's capsule
B) Glomerulus
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct

Question 19

The amphibian kidney is identical to that of:

A) marine fish
B) birds
C) freshwater fish
D) insects
E) humans

Question 20

Which organism does not contain kidneys?

A) Beetle
B) Hummingbird
C) Lizard
D) Shark
E) Rabbit

Question 21

Some mammals,like the kangaroo rat of the desert,have extremely long loops of Henle in their kidneys.What purpose must this serve?

Question 22

Mammals and amphibians are the only vertebrates that produce urine that is hypertonic to their body fluids.

Question 23

Most invertebrates,such as the annelid,have nephridia.

Question 24

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to lower high blood glucose levels?

A) Insulin
B) Glycogen
C) Glucagon
D) Adrenaline
E) Antidiruetic hormone

Question 25

________________ is the final product to be expelled from the body after the kidney has reabsorbed needed nutrients and water.

Question 26

Marine mammals,like whales,do not drink seawater.

Question 27

In flatworms,protonephridia branch throughout the body into bulblike _______________.

Question 28

Which nutrient,when metabolized for energy,produces nitrogenous wastes?

A) Amino acids
B) Carbohydrates
C) Lipids
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals

Question 29

Freshwater fish drink water all the time to compensate for their tendency to lose water.

Question 30

All vertebrates other than mammals are ectothermic.

Question 31

In mammals,uric acid is produced as a waste product of the degradation of:

A) proteins
B) purine nucleotides
C) polysaccharides
D) lipids

Question 32

Reptiles,birds,and insects excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of:

A) urea
B) ammonia
C) uric acid
D) urine

Question 33

The _____________ is the functional unit within the kidney.

Question 34

In humans,an excessive accumulation of uric acid in the joints produces a condition known as ______.

A) ulcers
B) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C) gout
D) high blood pressure
E) rickets

Question 35

Most mammals have uricase,which converts uric acid into ________.

A) urea
B) water
C) ammonia
D) allantoin

Question 36

In a homeostatic system,the integrating system executes changes to compensate for deviances from the set point.

Question 37

All of the following animals lack the enzyme uricase except:

A) tigers
B) dalmatian dogs
C) apes
D) humans

Question 38

What is the waste product of fish?

A) Urea
B) Ammonia
C) Uric acid
D) Urine

Question 39

The regulation of the body's osmotic composition is called __________________.

Question 40

The process of removing and ridding the body of toxic nitrogenous wastes from the blood is called ______________.

Question 41

Explain how Bowman's capsule works.