Deck 24: Respiration

Question 1

A typical breath at rest moves about 0.5 liters of air,which is referred to as the ____________ volume.

A) resting
B) tidal
C) residual
D) exhaled

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Where does gas exchange occur in terrestrial arthropods?

A) Through gills
B) Through tracheae
C) Through lungs
D) Through their skin

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the presence of carbon dioxide:

A) the formation of bicarbonate causes oxygen to bind more tightly to hemoglobin
B) hemoglobin changes shape,giving up oxygen more readily
C) hemoglobin is not able to bind with bicarbonate
D) hemoglobin dissociates

Answer 3

B

Question 4

All of the following obtain their oxygen by diffusion from surrounding water except:

A) sponges
B) dolphins
C) cnidarians
D) roundworms
E) frogs

Question 5

Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to the same sites on the hemoglobin molecule at different times.

Question 6

In mammals,gas exchange between the air and blood takes place across the walls of the:

A) gills
B) trachea
C) diaphragm
D) alveoli
E) pleural membrane

Question 7

During normal exhalation,air leaves the lungs because:

A) air currents outside the body draw air out of the lungs
B) the strong chest muscles force air out by squeezing the chest cavity
C) of the elastic recoil of muscles making air pressure greater inside the lungs than outside so it flows outward
D) there is more carbon dioxide inside the lungs than outside,so air flows outward by diffusion

Question 8

Blood flow and blood pressure are regulated by the amount of _____ released into the bloodstream.

A) nitric oxide
B) carbon dioxide
C) oxygen
D) carbonic anhydrase
E) hemoglobin

Question 9

The extra amount of air that can be forced into and out of the lung is called the:

A) residual volume
B) vital capacity
C) tidal volume
D) tidal wave
E) vital volume

Question 10

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A) The diaphragm
B) The pleural membrane
C) The trachea
D) The bronchus

Question 11

The structures of the vertebrate lung through which gases are exchanged with the blood are the:

A) pleural membranes
B) bronchioles
C) bronchi
D) alveoli

Question 12

Capturing energy by animals is in effect a process that utilizes ______ and produces ______.

A) oxygen;carbon dioxide
B) N₂;carbon
C) nitrogen;H₂O
D) carbon dioxide;oxygen
E) ATP;AMP

Question 13

Red blood cells are capable of transporting:

A) oxygen only
B) carbon dioxide only
C) oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) nutrients

Question 14

Which of the following possess gills?

A) Snails
B) Sea cucumber
C) Sea star
D) Guppies
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

The air remaining in the lung after a maximal expiration is the:

A) residual volume
B) vital capacity
C) tidal volume
D) tidal wave
E) vital volume

Question 16

During inhalation,air flows into the lungs because:

A) air pressure is greater outside the body than in the lungs and naturally flows inside once the chest has expanded
B) the strong chest muscles are sucking in air
C) air moves passively in and out of the lungs through time
D) the surfactant in the lungs "draws" in air because of its adhesive properties

Question 17

Which mineral in hemoglobin combines with oxygen in a reversible way?

A) Nitrogen
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Zinc
E) Sodium

Question 18

What is the main reason that lung cancer develops?

A) The person's immune system is nonfunctional
B) Exposure to allergens
C) Two tumor suppressor genes undergo mutations
D) Mitotic growth factors replicate

Question 19

Which of the following is incorrect about gills?

A) In fish,they are protected by an operculum.
B) Fish pump water over the gills.
C) In echinoderms,the gill is a thin sheet of tissue that waves through the water.
D) Terrestrial arthropods also have gills.

Question 20

Animals remove _____ from organic molecules which drives the synthesis of _____.

A) electrons;CO₂
B) electrons;ATP
C) protons;O₂
D) nitrogen;H₂O
E) carbon;ATP

Question 21

On a statistical basis,smoking a single cigarette lowers your life expectancy:

A) 5 minutes
B) 10.7 minutes
C) 35 minutes
D) 2 hours
E) 24 hours

Question 22

In which animal does air flow through the lungs in one direction only?

A) Lizard
B) Elephant
C) Fly
D) Hummingbird
E) Alligator

Question 23

The __________,which acts as a brake on cell division,was discovered in studying the eye cancer retinoblastoma.

Question 24

Fish move water in only one direction over their gills,permitting countercurrent flow.

Question 25

In which animal is a crosscurrent flow system used for air exchange?

A) Birds
B) Lizards
C) Fish
D) Mammals
E) Whales

Question 26

Why is smoking cigarettes so dangerous to human health?

Question 27

The _________________ is a tumor suppressor,inspecting DNA and stopping cell division when it detects damage.

Question 28

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A) To separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
B) To bind to carbon dioxide in red blood cells
C) To increase the buffering capacity of blood
D) To cover the trachea when food is being swallowed
E) To line the interior of the thoracic cavity

Question 29

In which animal is a countercurrent flow system used to acquire oxygen?

A) Birds
B) Lizards
C) Fish
D) Mammals
E) Whales

Question 30

Which of the following is incorrect concerning hemoglobin?

A) It is made of amino acids.
B) It is made inside red blood cells.
C) It never leaves red blood cells.
D) It can bind to nitric oxide.
E) It is composed of 3 protein chain subunits.

Question 31

Lungs are a more efficient method of respiration than gills.

Question 32

Approximately how long does it take for lung cancer to occur in a smoker?

A) 5 years
B) 10 years
C) 20 years
D) 30 years
E) 45 years

Question 33

How,and in what group(s),did the advent of lungs change the pattern of circulation?

Question 34

Each lung is covered by a thin,smooth membrane called a ___________ membrane.

Question 35

Crosscurrent flow is more efficient than countercurrent flow of air.

Question 36

Fish possess a single lung.

Question 37

Amphibians can obtain additional oxygen through their skin by diffusion,a process called ___________________ respiration.

Question 38

It is impossible to get lung cancer unless you smoke cigarettes.

Question 39

Rank the following methods of acquiring oxygen from most to least efficient.

A) mammalian lungs → fish gills → avian lungs
B) avian lungs → fish gills → mammalian lungs
C) fish gills → mammalian lungs → avian lungs
D) fish gills → avian lungs → mammalian lungs
E) avian lungs → mammalian lungs → fish gills