Deck 9: Meiosis

Question 1

In humans,gametes are _______,while somatic cells are ________.

A) diploid,diploid
B) haploid,diploid
C) haploid,haploid
D) haploid,triploid
E) triploid,haploid

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The purpose of meiosis I is:

A) to separate homologous chromosomes
B) to replicate chromosomes
C) to create 4 haploid cells
D) to separate sister chromatids
E) to repair errors in DNA synthesis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The alignment of homologous chromosomes with the exchange of genetic information between them is known as:

A) random fertilization
B) independent assortment
C) crossing over
D) lining up at the equator

Answer 3

C

Question 4

An organism's diploid number is 64.Its haploid number would be:

A) 128
B) 64
C) 16
D) 32
E) It is impossible to determine.

Question 5

Duplication of DNA occurs:

A) twice,before meiosis I and meiosis II
B) before meiosis II only
C) during interphase
D) during prophase I

Question 6

When does separation of homologous chromosomes occur?

A) Prophase I
B) Anaphase I
C) Interphase
D) Anaphase II

Question 7

Why is crossing over not possible in meiosis II?

A) Because homologous chromosomes are no longer in the same cell.
B) Because the enzymes needed for it to occur are no longer present.
C) Because prophase only occurs in meiosis I.
D) Because meiosis II is much shorter than meiosis I.

Question 8

What is the basis of Herman Muller's Ratchet theory?

A) That meiosis reduces the chromosome number in half.
B) That synapsis must occur for crossing over to take place.
C) That parthenogenesis does not increase genetic variability.
D) That evolution is due to mutations,not crossing over.
E) That once harmful mutations arise,asexual populations have no way of eliminating them.

Question 9

The process of independent assortment refers to:

A) the random meeting of an egg and sperm
B) the orientation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I
C) the orientation of chromosomes at metaphase II
D) the random choice of which cell in germ-line tissue will begin meiosis
E) whether sexual or asexual reproduction will occur

Question 10

After meiosis I,_______ cells are formed and after meiosis II,_____ cells result.

A) 2,3
B) 4,4
C) 2,4
D) 4,8
E) 2,8

Question 11

The pairing of homologous chromosomes:

A) occurs during anaphase II
B) occurs during telophase I
C) is called crossing over
D) is called synapsis
E) only occurs in mitosis

Question 12

Which of these is not a unique feature of meiosis?

A) Synapsis
B) Reduction division
C) Diploid daughter cells
D) Haploid daughter cells

Question 13

In anaphase I,________ separate and in anaphase II,____________ separate.

A) homologous chromosomes,chromatids
B) chromatids,homologous chromosomes
C) haploid cells,diploid cells
D) homologous chromosomes,diploid cells
E) chromatids,haploid cells

Question 14

How many possible orientations are there if a cell has four chromosome pairs?

A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 32
E) It is impossible to determine

Question 15

Which scientist is credited with proposing in 1887 that an egg and a sperm fuse to form a zygote?

A) Watson
B) Crick
C) Fleming
D) Muller
E) van Beneden

Question 16

Which is incorrect about meiosis?

A) Crossing over occurs in prophase I.
B) Meiosis I results in 2 haploid cells.
C) Sister chomatids separate in anaphase I.
D) Meiosis II is like mitosis.
E) Chromosome replication only occurs in interphase I.

Question 17

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

A) Prophase I
B) Anaphase I
C) Prophase II
D) Telophase II

Question 18

In plants like the fern,haploid cells produced by meiosis divide by _________,forming a multicellular haploid phase.

A) meiosis
B) binary fission
C) mitosis
D) budding

Question 19

Genetic recombination is possible because of ________ during or after meiosis.

A) independent assortment
B) crossing over
C) fertilization with a nonrelated gamete
D) All of these are correct.

Question 20

Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes occurs at:

A) prophase I
B) metaphase I
C) anaphase II
D) metaphase II
E) interphase

Question 21

In animals,asexual reproduction can involve the budding off of cells which grow by mitosis into a new individual.

Question 22

Bacteria reproduce by meiosis.

Question 23

The main difference between prophase I and II is that in prophase I:

A) synapsis and crossing over occurs
B) the nucleolus disappears
C) the nuclear membrane disappears
D) chromosomes coil
E) the spindle forms

Question 24

The kinetochore holds the homologous chromosomes together.

Question 25

Reproduction by mitosis only is asexual.

Question 26

After meiosis,the gamete joins with another gamete in all eukaryotic organisms.

Question 27

When nonsister chromatids exchange segments during meiosis,the process is called ______________________.

Question 28

In humans,how many different kinds of gametes can be produced due to independent assortment only?

A) 23²
B) 46²
C) 23⁴
D) 2²³
E) 2⁴⁶

Question 29

During which stage do chromosomes line up in pairs on the equatorial plane?

A) Metaphase I
B) Anaphase II
C) Metaphase II
D) Telophase I
E) Telophase II

Question 30

In humans,_____________ divide by meiosis to produce eggs and sperm.

A) somatic cells
B) gametes
C) zygotes
D) germ-line cells
E) triploid

Question 31

The arrangement of the chromosomes in metaphase I of meiosis is not important as long as homologues pair.

Question 32

Meiosis is also known as reduction division.

Question 33

All of the following are sources of genetic variety except:

A) random fertilization
B) independent assortment
C) crossing over
D) synapsis

Question 34

The development of an adult from an unfertilized egg is called ___________.

Question 35

Meiosis involves four nuclear divisions.

Question 36

The random orientation of different pairs of homologous chromosomes on the metaphase plate is responsible for __________.

A) Random fertilization
B) Independent assortment
C) Crossing over
D) Asexual reproduction

Question 37

During which stage do chromosomes line up in single file on the equatorial plane?

A) Metaphase I
B) Anaphase II
C) Metaphase II
D) Telophase I
E) Telophase II

Question 38

Some organisms are able to reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Question 39

Animals do which type of reproduction?

A) Sexual only
B) Asexual only
C) Sexual and asexual
D) Budding only
E) Binary fission

Question 40

Cells that will eventually undergo meiosis and produce gametes are often referred to as _______________ cells.

Question 41

What is Muller's Ratchet theory?

Question 42

In most respects,the second meiotic division is identical to a normal _________ division.

Question 43

What is the evolutionary significance of crossing over?

Question 44

What are the three events that occur in sexual reproduction that increase genetic variability?

Question 45

During metaphase I of meiosis,homologous chromosomes can orient themselves such that one or the other will by chance go to a particular daughter cell in a process known as ________________________________.