Deck 7: How Cells Harvest Energy From Food

Question 1

What is the fate of the NADH and FADH₂ made during the first stages of aerobic respiration?

A) They carry electrons to the electron transport chain.
B) They carry electrons to water.
C) They carry electrons to acetylaldehyde producing ethanol or lactic acid.
D) They carry them to the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide.
E) They carry electrons to the Krebs cycle.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The first stage of cellular respiration,called __________,takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and needs no oxygen.

A) glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) photorespiration
D) oxidation

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of these is an electron carrier molecule?

A) NAD⁺
B) ATP
C) Adenylate kinase
D) Carbonic acid

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which stage of cell respiration makes the majority of ATP?

A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Electron transport chain
D) Fermentation
E) They all produce the same amount.

Question 5

Which is incorrect about anaerobic respiration?

A) Some organisms use organic molecules as final electron acceptors.
B) Anaerobic respiration consumes a small amount of oxygen.
C) It allows cells to continue to produce ATP through glycolysis.
D) When human muscles are lacking oxygen,lactate is produced.
E) Fermentation recycles NADH back to NAD⁺.

Question 6

Which of the following macromolecules can be broken down into intermediate products that enter cellular respiration?

A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Nucleic acids
D) Carbohydrates
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Glycolysis takes place in the ____________,and the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain take place in the __________.

A) mitochondrial matrix;inner mitochondrial membrane
B) cytoplasm;endoplasmic reticulum
C) intermembrane space of the mitochondria;mitochondrial matrix
D) cytoplasm;mitochondria
E) mitochondria;cytoplasm

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration occurs in environments without oxygen.In doing so,some organisms have evolved mechanisms to produce ATP by using other _______ acceptors.

A) proton
B) electron
C) NADPH
D) phosphate group
E) fermentation

Question 9

The process by which an atom or molecule gain an electron is:

A) reduction
B) catalysis
C) oxidation
D) photosynthesis

Question 10

When ATP is made during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle,it is by:

A) oxidative phosphorylation
B) substrate-level phosphorylation
C) photophosphorylation
D) chemiosmosis
E) ATPase

Question 11

How many net ATP are made in glycolysis?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 6
D) 34
E) 38

Question 12

Electrons generated from the Krebs cycle go next to the:

A) fermentation pathway
B) formation of alcohol
C) electron transport chain
D) fluid portion of the mitochondrion

Question 13

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the process of glycolysis?

A) Glycolysis uses molecular oxygen;however,it occurs in anaerobic environments.
B) Glycolysis uses molecular oxygen and occurs in aerobic environments.
C) Glycolysis uses no molecular oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria.
D) Glycolysis uses no molecular oxygen;however,it can occur in aerobic environments.

Question 14

Select the correct sequence concerning glucose catabolism.

A) glycolysis - pyruvate - acetyl - CoA - electron transport chain - Krebs cycle
B) glycolysis - pyruvate - acetyl - CoA - Krebs cycle - electron transport chain
C) glycolysis - acetyl - CoA - pyruvate - electron transport chain - Krebs cycle
D) glycolysis - acetyl - CoA - pyruvate - Krebs cycle - electron transport chain

Question 15

The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria.There are nine biochemical reactions involved in the Krebs cycle and they are highly ordered.Select the correct order from the following choices.Note these are abbreviated and do not show NAD,ADP,ATP,FAD,or water.

A) Acetyl - CoA joins the Krebs cycle and unites with oxaloacetate forming citrate which forms beta-ketoglutarate which forms succinyl - CoA which forms succinate which forms fumarate which forms malate which forms oxaloacetate.
B) Acetyl - CoA joins the Krebs cycle and unites with oxaloacetate forming citrate which forms alpha-ketoglutarate which forms succinyl - CoA which forms succinate which forms malate which forms fumarate which forms oxaloacetate.
C) Acetyl - CoA joins the Krebs cycle and unites with oxaloacetate which forms alpha-ketoglutarate forming citrate which forms succinyl - CoA which forms succinate which forms fumarate which forms malate which forms oxaloacetate.
D) Acetyl - CoA joins the Krebs cycle and unites with oxaloacetate forming citrate which forms isocitrate which forms alpha-ketoglutarate which forms succinyl - CoA which forms succinate which forms fumarate which forms malate which forms oxaloacetate.

Question 16

If an atom gains an electron in a chemical reaction,it is said that the atom:

A) has been oxidized
B) has been regulated
C) has been reduced
D) has been catalyzed
E) has activated

Question 17

What is needed for the end product of glycolysis,pyruvate,to enter the Krebs cycle?

A) More glucose for energy
B) ATP
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Oxygen

Question 18

Under what environmental conditions do yeast carry out fermentation?

A) Absence of oxygen
B) High temperature
C) Low pH
D) High osmotic pressure
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

When substrate level phosphorylation occurs it means that:

A) NAD is converted into NADH
B) ATP is converted into ADP plus a phosphate group
C) ADP is converted into ATP by addition of a phosphate group
D) AMP is converted into NAD by adding a phosphate group
E) NADH is converted into NAD + H

Question 20

During which stage(s)of cellular respiration is CO₂ produced?

A) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle
B) Krebs cycle only
C) Electron transport chain
D) Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and Krebs cycle
E) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

Question 21

What is produced when wine is made?

A) CO₂,ATP and ethyl alcohol
B) oxygen,ADP and ethyl alcohol
C) water,hydrogen gas,and ethyl alcohol
D) lactate and ethyl alcohol
E) ethyl alcohol and water

Question 22

The second stage of cellular respiration,_____________,takes place only in the mitochondria.

Question 23

________________ molecules of ATP are generated from the complete cellular respiration of one molecule of glucose.

Question 24

The Krebs cycle turns _______ times per glucose.

Question 25

Most of the carbon dioxide that is made during aerobic respiration is from:

A) glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) electron transport chain
D) Calvin cycle
E) chemiosmosis

Question 26

When a high-energy phosphate group is transferred from a substrate to ADP it is called ____________.

Question 27

_________ is an electron carrier similar to NADH.

Question 28

ATP is formed when ___________ passes back across the membrane through ATP synthase channels.

Question 29

Plants do photosynthesis only and animals do cellular respiration only.

Question 30

Which of the following is(are)products of the Krebs cycle?

A) CO₂ and ATP
B) CO₂,ATP,FADH₂
C) ATP and NADH
D) CO₂,ATP,NADH,FADH₂
E) ATP,NADH,FADH₂

Question 31

In the process of glycolysis,glucose is cleaved into a pair of three-carbon ________ molecules.

A) lactate
B) acetyl CoA
C) pyruvate
D) oxaloacetate
E) alcohol

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a catabolic reaction that cells use to get energy from nutrients?

A) Cellular respiration
B) Fermentation
C) Photosynthesis
D) Anaerobic respiration
E) Digestion

Question 33

The internal compartment of the mitochondria is the _______.

Question 34

Oxidation and reduction reactions always take place together.

Question 35

Common endproducts of fermentation include __________ and _____.

Question 36

Depending on your body's needs,acetyl-CoA is either directed into the Krebs cycle or:

A) channeled into fat synthesis
B) fermented into alcohol
C) sent back to glycolysis
D) sent to the electron transport chain
E) fermented to lactic acid

Question 37

During fermentation,_______ is recycled by transferring its electrons to a molecule other than oxygen.

Question 38

Cellular respiration:

A) oxidizes glucose and reduces oxygen
B) oxidizes oxygen and reduces glucose
C) releases energy and reduces water
D) requires energy and releases NADH
E) releases energy and oxygen

Question 39

During fermentation in yeast,acetaldehyde accepts a hydrogen atom from NADH and is converted to _______________.

Question 40

The process by which an atom or molecule loses an electron is:

A) reduction
B) catalysis
C) oxidation
D) photosynthesis

Question 41

A proton _______ drives the protons out across the mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space.

Question 42

When an atom gains an electron,it is said to be __________.

Question 43

Describe how adding a phosphate to ATP or removing a phosphate group from ATP stores or releases energy.

Question 44

Electrons are often transferred with _________.

Question 45

When FAD and NAD gain electrons and hydrogens during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle,they are said to be _________.

Question 46

Explain which process evolved first-glycolysis or the Krebs cycle.

Question 47

Why do oxidation and reduction always take place together?