Deck 3: Molecules of Life

Question 1

The external skeleton of many invertebrates is made of:

A) starch
B) cellulose
C) chitin
D) glycogen
E) sucrose

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The carbohydrate that is found in plant cell walls is:

A) starch
B) cellulose
C) chitin
D) fructose
E) sucrose

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which level of protein structure ultimately determines all the other levels of structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The α-helix and β-pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 5

The sugar found in DNA is:

A) lactose
B) glucose
C) ribose
D) deoxyribose
E) glycogen

Question 6

A polysaccharide of glucose found in animals that is highly branched is:

A) starch
B) cellulose
C) chitin
D) glycogen
E) sucrose

Question 7

Chargaff's rule says:

A) that there are 20 amino acids that make up all proteins
B) that in DNA molecules,the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine and the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of guanine
C) lipids always will be hydrophobic molecules
D) that the ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is 1:2:1 in carbohydrates
E) macromolecules are formed by dehydration synthesis reactions

Question 8

All enzymes are:

A) carbohydrates
B) nucleic acid
C) lipids
D) proteins

Question 9

When a protein is denatured,which level of protein structure is unaffected?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 10

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein is its ____________ structure.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 11

Fats composed of fatty acids that have double bonds in the fatty acids and have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are:

A) saturated.
B) liquids at room temperature.
C) solid at room temperature.
D) generally found in animal fats.
E) made of glycerol plus two fatty acids.

Question 12

If one strand is CCAATTG on DNA,then the complementary chain is:

A) CCAATTG
B) AAGGUUC
C) GGUUAAC
D) GGTTAAC
E) It is impossible to determine.

Question 13

All of the following are lipids except:

A) waxes
B) cholesterol
C) female sex hormones
D) phospholipids
E) glycogen

Question 14

Which of the following is incorrect about saturated fats?

A) They are solid at room temperature.
B) They contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
C) They contain glycerol plus three fatty acids.
D) They are nonpolar molecules that don't mix with water.
E) They are generally the type of fat found in plants.

Question 15

Which of the following is the main component of cell membranes?

A) Cholesterol
B) Sucrose
C) Phospholipids
D) Triglycerides
E) Steroids

Question 16

Hydrogen bonds between different parts of the polypeptide chain result in which level of protein structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 17

The carbohydrate that plants use to store energy is called:

A) starch
B) cellulose
C) fructose
D) sucrose
E) chitin

Question 18

Which polymer serves as the information storage molecule for cells?

A) Carbohydrate
B) Nucleic acid
C) Protein
D) Lipids

Question 19

The bases of the two DNA chains are linked in the middle of the molecule by _________ bonds.

A) covalent
B) ionic
C) hydrogen
D) There are no bonds connecting the chains.

Question 20

When a protein is composed of more than one polypeptide chain,the arrangement of the chains is called the ____________ structure.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 21

List the four major types of macromolecules,their subunits (building blocks),and their functions.

Question 22

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA specifies the sequence of ________________ in a protein.

Question 23

Making and breaking molecules in the body require the aid of ____________ to help the reactions proceed.

A) heat
B) water
C) blood
D) enzymes

Question 24

Which is incorrect about proteins?

A) The main function of protein is energy storage.
B) All enzymes are proteins.
C) Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
D) The sequence of amino acids determines the identity of the protein.
E) Some proteins have a transport function.

Question 25

The polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants is __________.

Question 26

Choose the statement that is true about DNA:

A) It exhibits base pairing.
B) It forms a double helix.
C) It is a polymer of nucleotides.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 27

A __________ bond links two amino acids together.

Question 28

Nucleic acids are long polymers of repeating subunits called __________.

Question 29

Animals store energy in a polymer composed of many glucose molecules called:

A) starch
B) glycogen
C) cellulose
D) chitin

Question 30

Many mammals supply energy to their young in the form of __________.

Question 31

Denaturation of proteins is always a reversible process.

Question 32

The building blocks of carbohydrates are:

A) amino acids
B) polypeptides
C) monosaccharides
D) nucleotides

Question 33

Explain what diets that are high in saturated fats can cause in the circulatory system of a human.

Question 34

Fatty acids that contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible are said to be:

A) polyunsaturated
B) monounsaturated
C) saturated
D) phospholipids

Question 35

Lipids are insoluble in water because they are nonpolar.

Question 36

Proteins are made up of ____________ strung together by _________ bonds.

A) amino acids;peptide
B) monosaccharides;covalent
C) monomers;ionic
D) polymers;hydrogen

Question 37

Unsaturated fats are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 38

All of the following are ways RNA differs from DNA except:

A) RNA is single-stranded
B) RNA is a nucleic acid
C) RNA contains ribose
D) RNA contains uracil

Question 39

In RNA,thymine is replaced with __________.

Question 40

The final three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called its _____________ structure.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 41

Describe the four levels of protein structure and how they are affected by denaturation.

Question 42

Describe the structure of DNA.

Question 43

Describe five functions of proteins.