Deck 10: Human Nutrition

Question 1

The most common disaccharide is

A)lactose
B)maltose
C)glucose
D)sucrose

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What does the text say is the ultimate cause of gluten sensitivity?

A)damaged and flattened villi in the small intestine
B)diets consisting of wheat are unnatural
C)high permeability of the intestinal wall
D)T cells of the immune system attacking gluten molecules
E)lack of enzymes to break down gluten

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is associated with obesity?

A)type 2 diabetes
B)hypertension
C)asthma
D)osteoarthritis
E)all of these are associated with obesity

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Fat supplies ______ kilocalories per gram.

A)4
B)5
C)7
D)9
E)10

Question 5

Two plants that in combination supply all of the essential amino acids are

A)beans and rice
B)corn and rice
C)beans and tomatoes
D)beans and corn
E)corn and tomatoes

Question 6

The fiber from ______ has been shown to reduce the risk of rectal cancer.

A)fruits
B)whole grains
C)vegetables
D)seeds
E)all of these

Question 7

_______ is a serious condition that results from a deficiency of protein and kilocalories.

A)Marasmus
B)Kwashiorkor
C)Type 2 diabetes
D)Celiac disease

Question 8

The most abundant monosaccharide is

A)fructose
B)galactose
C)sucrose
D)glucose
E)amylose

Question 9

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

A)monosaccharides.
B)amino acids.
C)fatty acids.
D)disaccharides.
E)more than one of thesE.

Question 10

Glycogen is stored in

A)chloroplasts.
B)fat cells.
C)skeletal muscle and fat cells
D)liver and skeletal muscle cells
E)mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 11

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?

A)galactose
B)glycogen
C)sucrose
D)lactose
E)more than one of these is a complex carbohydrate

Question 12

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is a component of the disaccharide,lactose?

A)fructose
B)sucrose
C)ribose
D)galactose
E)maltose

Question 13

The recommended amount of calories from proteins is approximately ______percent.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
E)40

Question 14

The recommended average daily caloric intake for an adult male is

A)1000 kcal
B)2000 kcal
C)2200 kcal
D)3000 kcal
E)3200 kcal

Question 15

Which of the following is a disaccharide found in germinating grains?

A)lactose
B)maltose
C)galactose
D)sucrose

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of butyric acid?

A)it stabilizes blood glucose levels
B)it reduces blood cholesterol levels
C)it is produced in the small intestine
D)raises the acidity of the colon
E)it is produced by bacteria

Question 17

Which of the following is not a macronutrient?

A)fats
B)protein
C)carbohydrates
D)vitamins
E)all of these are macronutrients

Question 18

Which of the following plant compounds occur in the middle lamella?

A)mucilage
B)hemicellulose
C)lignin
D)gum
E)pectin

Question 19

Symptoms of this deficiency include puffy skin,swollen belly,fatty liver,and listlessness.This deficiency is of

A)vitamin A
B)iodine
C)lipids
D)proteins
E)carbohydrates

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about macronutrients?

A)Macronutrients are called that because they are larger than micronutrients.
B)Macronutrients are required in larger amounts than micronutrients.
C)Macronutrients include vitamins and minerals.
D)All of these are correct statements about macronutrients.

Question 21

______ vitamins can be stored by the body;as a consequence they can build up to toxic levels if overconsumed.

A)Fat-soluble
B)Complex
C)Organic
D)Water-soluble

Question 22

The vitamin,_______,is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates before the Krebs cycle.

A)biotin
B)thiamine
C)niacin
D)B₁₂
E)D

Question 23

Which of the following minerals is a major component of hemoglobin?

A)iron
B)calcium
C)iodine
D)phosphorous
E)more than one of these is a major component of hemoglobin

Question 24

Which of the following vitamins is obtainable through exposure to UV light?

A)A
B)B₂
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 25

What does zonulin do?

A)increases the permeability of the intestinal lining
B)breaks down gluten into its component amino acids
C)stimulates T cells to attack gluten molecules
D)breaks down cholesterol in the liver

Question 26

The building blocks of triglycerides are

A)amino acids
B)nucleotides
C)monosaccharides
D)fatty acids

Question 27

The only vitamin not available in plants is

A)biotin
B)thiamine
C)niacin
D)B₁₂
E)D

Question 28

Lack of iodine results in the nutritional disease called:

A)goiter
B)anemia
C)osteoporosis
D)kwashiorkor

Question 29

Symptoms of this deficiency are dermatitis,dementia,diarrhea,and eventually death.This deficiency is called

A)osteomalacia
B)xerophthalmia
C)anemia
D)goiter
E)pellagra

Question 30

The amount of calcium in bones is under the control of hormones and vitamin

A)A
B)B₂
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 31

A deficiency in vitamin K can cause which of the following conditions?

A)beriberi
B)poor blood clotting
C)rickets
D)muscle weakness
E)night blindness

Question 32

Persons with celiac disease show elevated levels of what enzyme?

A)transglutaminase
B)ATP synthase
C)catalase
D)amylase

Question 33

Which of the following vitamins is important in the production of collagen?

A)A
B)B₆
C)B₁₂
D)C
E)D

Question 34

Diets high in trans fats have been shown to cause or contribute to all of the following except one.Choose the exception.

A)type 2 diabetes
B)coronary heart disease
C)lower levels of LDL
D)higher levels of LDL
E)lower levels of HDL

Question 35

Triglycerides are

A)steroids
B)mostly made from monosaccharides
C)fats and oils
D)soluble in water
E)more than one of these answers is correct

Question 36

Breast-fed infants may have a higher risk for rickets.

Question 37

Omega-3 fatty acids

A)are found most abundantly in beef.
B)are found in saturated fats.
C)reduce the incidence of celiac disease.
D)reduce the risk of blood clots.
E)are described by all of thesE.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true about LDL?

A)it is a protein that carries cholesterol to cells
B)it removes excess cholesterol from tissues
C)it is the bad cholesterol
D)it is found in high quantities in palm and coconut oils
E)it helps prevent atherosclerosis

Question 39

How do unsaturated fatty acids differ from saturated fatty acids?

A)unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds
B)unsaturated fatty acids have more hydrogen atoms
C)unsaturated fatty acids are soluble in water
D)unsaturated fatty acids are always solid at room temperature
E)unsaturated fatty acids differ in all of these ways

Question 40

Corn oil _____ HDL and _____LDL whereas olive oil _______ HDL and _____ LDL.

A)raises - lowers - lowers - raises
B)lowers - raises - raises - lowers
C)lowers - lowers - raises - lowers
D)raises - raises - lowers - lowers

Question 41

_____ _____ on a food label indicate the percentage of a nutrient which is provided by a single serving of a food based on a 2000 Calorie diet.

Question 42

The primary treatment for patients with celiac disease is to remove gluten from the diet.

Question 43

The pigment beta-carotene in plants is converted into vitamin C in the human body.

Question 44

In the human body,the beta-carotene of carrots is converted to _____.

Question 45

Fats that have only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called _______ fats.

Question 46

The vitamins A,D,E,and K can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body.

Question 47

All proteins in plants are incomplete;they lack either the right amino acids or lack those amino acids in the right proportions.

Question 48

Some benefits from a mostly vegetable diet are a decreased chance of contracting cardiovascular disease and colon cancer.

Question 49

Most dietary lipids are ____________.

Question 50

The form of iron found in plant sources is __________ whose absorption can be improved by vitamin
C.

Question 51

Beriberi is a nutritional disease caused by insufficient protein in the diet resulting in abdominal swelling and a reddish tint to dark hair and skin.

Question 52

Marasmus is a nutritional disease that results when the caloric but not the protein needs are met.

Question 53

______________ may destroy destructive free radicals that have been implicated as the cause of cancer and other diseases.