Deck 12: China's Commercial Revolution,ca.900 - 1276

Question 1

The shift of the Chinese population to the south created what major change in Chinese history?

A)It created a population crisis in the south.
B)For the first time in Chinese history, most of its population lived in the south.
C)The south was not able to feed its growing population.
D)A serious population drain affected the Jin dynasty.
E)It put an end to the economic revolution in the south.

Answer 1

For the first time in Chinese history, most of its population lived in the south.

Question 2

Although the Chinese Empire was divided into 200 prefectures,headed by magistrates and other officials,all government officials were ultimately bound by the

A)word of the emperor.
B)decisions made by the courts.
C)power of the grand councilor.
D)directives of the central government.
E)vote of the magistrates, taken in special sessions.

Answer 2

directives of the central government.

Question 3

Emperors who wished to delegate their authority put power in the hands of

A)various government departments.
B)their successor sons.
C)a grand councilor.
D)powerful landed families.
E)local governors.

Answer 3

a grand councilor.

Question 4

The Jin's political system can best be described as

A)a government structure modeled after the Song dynasty.
B)having forty-million Chinese ruled by one million Jurchen.
C)including one million Jurchen.
D)being ruled by the Jurchens until 1234.
E)All of these.

Question 5

By 976,the first Song emperor made his capital at

A)Chang'an.
B)Hangzhou.
C)Beijing.
D)Kaifeng.
E)Nanjing.

Question 6

Which dynasty reunited China in 960 after the fall of the Tang in 907?

A)Song.
B)Shang.
C)Jin.
D)Zhou.
E)Wu.

Question 7

What was one result of the military defeat of Northern Song?

A)It brought an end to the migration from north to south China that had started centuries before.
B)It brought political instability to southern China.
C)Farmers realized that they could grow less food in southern China than they could in northern China.
D)It triggered one of the greatest migrations in human history.
E)The Jin dynasty economy suffered by the massive migration of Chinese to the south.

Question 8

The Five Dynasties refers to the

A)fifty-three years between the Tang and Song dynasties.
B)length of time it took the Song to reunite China.
C)length of time needed to defeat the Song by the Jin.
D)fifty-three years China was without an emperor after the defeat to the Jin.
E)time it took for the Song dynasty to build a new capital at Kaifeng.

Question 9

Which of the following are true of the Jurchen?

A)they were based in Manchuria.
B)they spoke an Altaic language.
C)they allied with the Song to defeat the Khitan.
D)they married into the Song Dynasty.
E)all of these choices 

Question 10

Gunpowder weapons,used in the attack on Kaifeng,included -whichof the following?

A)(artillery) bags of gunpowder shot from bows that exploded upon contact. 
B)flame-throwers.
C)incendiary bombs.
D)shrapnel shells.
E)all of these choices 

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true in describing Li Qingzhao?

A)She had a limited amount of education.
B)All of her poems have survived.
C)She is also known as the greatest historian of her time, male or female.
D)She was the only woman of her time to achieve lasting fame as a poet.
E)All of her writings were lost, as she fled China in a period of political upheaval.

Question 12

In addition to having been a past emperor and now a prisoner of the Jurchen,Huizong was also known for

A)administrative skills.
B)painting and calligraphy.
C)poetry and music.
D)engineering the great walls that protected Kaifeng.
E)the study of astronomy.

Question 13

The improvements in the growth of rice involved which of the following?

A)the ability to create a double crop annually.
B)introducing a Vietnamese strain of rice.
C)the successful development of a higher-yield rice.
D)movement of people to the south.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 14

What major political change was made by the founder of the Song dynasty?

A)All high military officials were executed or exiled.
B)Political power was put into the hands of the civilian bureaucrats rather than the military generals.
C)He took complete control of the military.
D)Admiring the power of the Qin, he made himself sole leader of the government.
E)Military governors were replaced by members of the royal court.

Question 15

Which of the following statements are true?

A)Within a few years after the migration from the north, the population of Hangzhou reached one million.
B)Migrants faced a different culture in the Southern Song.
C)Northern and southern dialects were considerably different from each other.
D)Because of the different regions, northern migrants were forced to adapt to a new diet.
E)All of these choices

Question 16

Because superior cavalry was insufficient to defeat high-walled cities,armies began to rely on

A)long sieges.
B)the use of elephants introduced from India.
C)new tunneling techniques.
D)suicide charges led by prisoners and slaves.
E)weapons fueled by gunpowder.

Question 17

Chinese coins,at this time,were round coins with square holes minted in

A)copper.
B)an alloy.
C)iron.
D)silver.
E)bronze.

Question 18

What were Li Qingzhao and her husband forced to leave behind as they fled from their home in Shandong along with half of a million others?

A)Farm animals.
B)Personal possessions, books, and albums.
C)Important official documents.
D)Servants and slaves.
E)Papers of safe travel given to them by the governor of Shandong.

Question 19

Both Li Qingzhao and her husband came from what level of Song society?

A)Merchant class.
B)Free serf.
C)Top level.
D)Royal family.
E)Landlord.

Question 20

Because of a military defeat by the Jin,the Song dynasty was forced to surrender

A)all of the northern part of China.
B)the capital.
C)Yangzi River Valley.
D)Zichuan.
E)Jiankang.

Question 21

The city of Kaifeng had many luxuries available for the wealthy urbanites,including restaurants that

A)were scarce but popular.
B)were licensed by the government.
C)served only noodles.
D)were for men only.
E)were also Buddhist temples.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true as one of the results of the commercial revolution in the south?

A)The number of kidnapped women increased as wealth increased.
B)Prosperity clouded the separation between social groups.
C)As a growing class, the merchants remained at the bottom of the ideal social hierarchy.
D)Wealth led to men having more concubines.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 23

Cost factors involved with the use of movable type included which of the following?

A)that a piece of type had to be made for each of the thousands of Chinese characters.
B)that because of resetting each frame, it was suitable to printing large volumes.
C)that books that could be printed by the thousands became cheaper to buy.
D)that it was more expensive than woodblock printing.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 24

The Chinese government's use of paper money began sometime near the year of

A)800.
B)1800.
C)1200.
D)1000.
E)1500.

Question 25

Who typically bound a young Chinese girl's feet?

A)Her fate.
B)District magistrate.
C)A Buddhist monk.
D)Professional footbinders.
E)Her mother.

Question 26

Wang Anshi,the newly appointed Song grand counselor in 1069,reformed the way government paid salary to

A)food.
B)books.
C)money.
D)trade vouchers.
E)tea.

Question 27

Wang Anshi's new policies failed because

A)too much paper money was printed.
B)the government stopped minting coins.
C)there were high interest rates for loans made to peasants.
D)Chinese peasants could not earn enough money to repay loans.
E)the government paid all salaries in cheques.

Question 28

The early Chinese iron-factory system involved which of the following?

A)government workshops. 
B)making cheaper goods.
C)hundreds of workers.
D)making military goods.
E)all of these choices

Question 29

One of the advantages for the Song dynasty of the new paper money over coins was

A)paper money was lighter to carry than coins.
B)paper was worth more per currency unit than coins.
C)China had more paper than bronze.
D)paper money was acceptable outside of China.
E)Confucius had advocated the use of paper for money.

Question 30

Relating the commercial revolution to education,how was the everyday life of the Chinese changed?

A)It did little to increase the number of literate Chinese.
B)Most Chinese still could not afford to buy books.
C)Education was still a low priority in Chinese society.
D)More people were able to take the government's civil service examinations.
E)Woodblock printing did not decrease the price of the printed material available.

Question 31

Before the loss to the Jurchens,Kaifeng,with a population of 500,000 by the mid-eleventh century,was considered one of the most prosperous cities in the world,rivaled only by

A)London.
B)Paris.
C)Cairo.
D)Baghdad.
E)Constantinople.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Song dynasty and the civil service examinations?

A)The tests had been in use for over a thousand years.
B)The examinations were not always fair, but were superior to appointments based on heredity. 
C)Examinations were less competitive for sons of the privileged.
D)Ninety percent of government positions had been filled by civil service appointments.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 33

Which of the following was included in the civil service examinations?

A)Poetry writing
B)General essays
C)Political essays
D)Mastery of classical Confucianism
E)all of these choices. 

Question 34

Li Qingzhao's husband's trips to the marketplace each month involved which of the following?

A)purchasing fresh fruit that was grown in the south.
B)using cash.
C)selling some personal clothing to raise shopping funds.
D)purchasing rubbings.
E)all of these choices 

Question 35

The goal of footbinding was to

A)separate the classes.
B)transform a woman's foot into a sexual object.
C)limit the freedom of females.
D)create dancers for the imperial court.
E)increase the value of women sold in the marketplace.

Question 36

The epitaphs of women of the twelfth century praised which of the following?

A)education of children. 
B)knowledge of math.
C)management of household finances.
D)preservation and expanding a family's wealth.
E)all of these choices 

Question 37

Which of the following was iron used for in Song China?

A)Weapons. 
B)Locks.
C)Bridges. 
D)Tools. 
E)All of these choices.

Question 38

In the Industrial Revolution of 1700,the English were eventually able to surpass the Chinese in iron production because

A)the English had more forests for fuel.
B)the Chinese population decreased.
C)by tradition, the Chinese were not innovative.
D)a labor shortage encouraged developing machines.
E)the English had more labor to invent machines.

Question 39

Li Qingzhao's memories of enjoying time with her husband were recounted in her story about this type of party.

A)library parties.
B)tea parties. 
C)Lotus picking parties.
D)sport parties.
E)all of these choices.

Question 40

The early development of factories with hundreds of workers involved the production of

A)food products.
B)textiles.
C)carpets.
D)glass.
E)iron and steel.

Question 41

The Map of the Tracks of Yu,drawn sometime around 108l,indicates the limits of the Song dynasty's knowledge of the outside world,showing

A)Korea.
B)Vietnam.
C)nothing beyond the Chinese borders.
D)Japan.
E)Afghanistan.

Question 42

The Ly Dynasty of Vietnam regularly sent gifts to

A)the Jurchen.
B)Korea.
C)Japan.
D)Song China.
E)Mongols.

Question 43

The open examination process lost some luster and prestige because of all of the following except

A)shadow privilege.
B)cheating by students.
C)heightened competition.
D)many chose alternative careers.
E)candidates of the lower classes were passing examinations.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true of Zhu's Neo-Confucianism?

A)Zhu Xi's curriculum emphasized civic cultivation.
B)The study of Confucianism could not create superior civil servants.
C)Neo-Confucianism emphasized ritual traditions.
D)Students should ignore all human and physical trappings of the world around them.
E)Armed with knowledge, an individual could become a sage.

Question 45

By the thirteenth century,Chinese metallurgists learned that if they heated needles to the Curie point,what could they then create?

A)Sterilized needles.
B)Curved needles.
C)A barometer.
D)A magnetic compass.
E)Moveable type.

Question 46

What source was used by Zhao Rugua in writing The Description of Foreign Peoples?

A)Information from Chinese travelers. 
B)Information from encyclopedias.
C)Discussion with foreign travelers.
D)The Map of China and Foreign Countries.
E)All of these choices

Question 47

Generally,how were the candidates for the civil service examinations chosen?

A)Half came from the farmer class.
B)Anyone in a local area could register for the examination.
C)Females were allowed to apply, but were never found qualified to actually take the examination.
D)Successful exam candidates came from a small core group from Kaifeng.
E)Never being completely fair, favoritism was given to powerful families.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A Chinese-style government was firmly entrenched in Japan by 900.
B)A Chinese-type emperor ruled Japan from Kyoto.
C)Rival clans joined to oust the Chinese.
D)Japan became a tributary state of China by 900.
E)The Minamoto clan defeated its rivals in 1185 and established a capital at Kamakura.

Question 49

Although Vietnam had a ruling dynasty,actual power lay with

A)wealthy landowners.
B)Buddhist monasteries.
C)independent chieftains.
D)the military.
E)courtiers.

Question 50

Shogun governments did which of the following?

A)rule with a figure-head emperor.
B)allow scholars to study Confucian texts.
C)patronize Buddhism.
D)use the kana alphabet to represent the sounds of spoken Japanese.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 51

Korean export goods included which of the following?

A)ginseng.
B)precious metals.
C)printed books.
D)celadon pots.
E)all of these choices.

Question 52

China's largest international trade port was located in

A)Kaifeng.
B)Jiankang.
C)Quanzhou.
D)Hangzhou.
E)Kyoto.

Question 53

On what basis did the Vietnamese Ly Dynasty claim legitimacy for its throne?

A)During the Song dynasty, Vietnam had received its legal independence.
B)Local spirits protected the throne from foreign control.
C)The Buddha recognized the independence of Vietnam.
D)Local independent kings acknowledged the legitimacy of the throne.
E)The emperor had received a mandate of heaven.

Question 54

According to Zhao,the major export of Japan was

A)printed books.
B)cedar trees.
C)celadon pottery.
D)silk fabric.
E)wheat.

Question 55

A second later map,The Map of China and Foreign Countries,drawn on the back of The Map of the Tracks of Yu,includes many new peoples known to the Chinese,but has short descriptions of these people rather than exact locations because

A)the Chinese did not have a word for these new locations.
B)no one knew the exact location of these new peoples.
C)the emperor feared that China's neighbors might use this information to invade.
D)the map was supposedly symbolic, showing the power of China.
E)Chinese mapmakers could not apply the prime directions (north, south, east, west) to a map.

Question 56

The Chinese religious practices during the Commercial Revolution era

A)allowed people to increase their financial support of their chosen religion.
B)found most Chinese not adhering to a specific religion.
C)still involved ancestor worship.
D)supported the introduction of neo-Confucianism.
E)All of these.

Question 57

In 1042,the Ly Dynasty used what to make the laws understandable to the people of China?

A)Mandatory literacy.
B)A modified Tang code.
C)Woodblock printing.
D)Soldiers stationed in villages to explain the law.
E)Confucian scholars from China at court to explain the law.

Question 58

How did the Korean king try to control the influence and power of his major rivals?

A)He received funds from the Chinese government in exchange for a tax reduction on trade.
B)He took control of local troops formally controlled by powerful families.
C)He divided the country into provinces.
D)He exiled heads of powerful families.
E)He used a Chinese-style exam to fill government positions.

Question 59

Zhu Xi,the founder of the White Deer Academy in 1181,emphasized Neo-Confucianism and the use of

A)A Record of the Dream.
B)The Four Books.
C)The Three Character Classic.
D)Daodejing.
E)Description of Foreign Peoples.

Question 60

Although Zhu Xi criticized Buddhism,what aspect of Buddhism clearly influenced Zhu Xi's understanding of the transmission of the Way?

A)Rejection of public cultivation.
B)Serving as impeccable civil servants.
C)Meditation.
D)Study of the classics.
E)Focusing on rituals.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.
Song Dynasty

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.
Steel

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.
Paper Money

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.
Neo-Confucianism

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.
steel-needle compass

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.
Wang Anshi

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.
movable type

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.
Kaifeng

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.
advanced scholar

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.
Epitaph

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.
gunpowder

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.
Zhu Xi

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.
Woodblock printing

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.
Iron

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.
Shadow Privilege

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.
Jin Dynasty

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.
Li Qingzhao

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.
New Policies

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.
Footbinding

Question 80

Although much of Chinese knowledge of the non-Chinese world was limited,they had some personal contact with its products such as

A)camels from Arabia.
B)wool from Britannia.
C)coffee from Turkey.
D)African slaves in Quanzhou.
E)carpets from Persia.