Deck 13: Health Care Trends and Forecasts

Question 1

The term that describes the amount of money that health care stakeholders spend on health care in the United States is:

A) cost
B) access
C) quality
D) value
E) insurance

Answer 1

cost

Question 2

What is the term for those individuals who have a vested interest in the health care industry?

A) stakeholders
B) consumers
C) providers
D) agents
E) politicians

Answer 2

stakeholders

Question 3

Which of the following stakeholders are considered to be at the head of the list?

A) employers
B) health care practitioners
C) insurance companies
D) the public
E) the government

Answer 3

the public

Question 4

Which of the following health care stakeholders mandates licensing and/or certification of certain health care practitioners?

A) federal government
B) state government
C) training institutions
D) professional associations
E) insurance companies

Question 5

According to a study done by the Commonwealth Fund in 2013, what percentage of U.S. adults spent a lot of time dealing with insurance paperwork and disputes with insurance companies?

A) 25%
B) 32%
C) 45%
D) 60%
E) 75%

Question 6

Which of the following organizations reimburse health care providers with a focus on the bottom line: making a profit?

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) managed care organizations
D) state children's health insurance program
E) voluntary facilities

Question 7

If current trends with the percentage of the GDP represented by health care spending continue, by 2038, the Congressional Budget Office projects health care spending could easily exceed what percentage of the GDP?

A) 17
B) 22
C) 30
D) 35
E) 40

Question 8

Programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, the Military Health System, the Veterans Health Administration, the Indian Health Service, and the State Children's Health Insurance Program help to pay the costs of health care services. What health care stakeholder is involved in this concept?

A) health care facilities
B) health care practitioners
C) governments
D) managed care organizations
E) private insurance

Question 9

The science that defines how individuals are genetically programmed to respond to drugs is called:

A) pharmacogenomics
B) genometrics
C) personalized medicine
D) rational drug design
E) genetic mapping

Question 10

A powerful computer is used to develop new drugs by looking at the molecular structure and chemical composition of target cells and creating substances that will bind to certain molecules, affecting their function inside the body. What is the term for this new technology?

A) pharmacogenomics
B) genometrics
C) personalized medicine
D) rational drug design
E) genetic mapping

Question 11

Which of the following sell health care policies to individuals, agreeing to pay certain health care costs?

A) private insurers
B) governments
C) managed care organizations
D) professional associations
E) Medicaid

Question 12

According to the Health Care Cost Institute, what percentage of our health care costs are spent on new technology?

A) 20 to 30%
B) 30 to 35%
C) 35 to 55%
D) 38 to 64%
E) 45 to 70%

Question 13

According to the Health Care Cost Institute, the increase in chronic diseases cases by 2023 will add how much in treatment costs and lost economic productivity?

A) $500 million
B) $50 billion
C) $500 billion
D) $2.7 trillion
E) $4.2 trillion

Question 14

All of the following are true about patients who see a primary care provider regularly except:

A) The patient pays more for health care.
B) Providers learn more about their patients and can coordinate care.
C) A primary care provider may be a nurse practitioner.
D) A primary care provider may be a physician assistant.
E) The patient has better health care outcomes.

Question 15

According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, in 2013 state and local governments spent how much of their budgets on health care costs?

A) 10 percent
B) 20.5 percent
C) 31.5 percent
D) 40.5 percent
E) 45.2 percent

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of the gross domestic product (GDP)?

A) The percentage of the GDP represented by health care spending was first determined in 1975.
B) The percentage of the GDP represented by health care spending has been decreasing steadily over the years.
C) In 2014, according to U.S. government figures, health care spending had risen to 17.7 percent of the GDP.
D) The national coalition on health care predicts that by 2015, the United States will most likely be spending 30 percent of the country's GDP on health care.
E) Average per person spending on health care in the united states is $15,000

Question 17

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) regularly reports on important quality measures. Which of the following statements reflects an improvement in quality care as reported in the 2012 report?

A) admission for asthma for those 65 and older
B) women receiving a pap smear in the last 3 years
C) admissions with diabetes with short-term complications
D) long-stay nursing home residents who were assessed and given pneumococcal vaccination
E) the number of suicide deaths per 100,000 population

Question 18

The total cost of health care in the United States is often expressed as a percentage of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). The GDP represents what percentage of the country's income for all goods and services?

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 75%
D) 85%
E) 100%

Question 19

Employers hope to contract with health care providers who can deliver quality services at a reasonable cost because they provide which of the following to their employees?

A) wages
B) Medicare
C) workers' compensation
D) bonuses
E) health care benefits

Question 20

According to a 2014 report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which of the following countries spends the most on health care?

A) Japan
B) China
C) United Kingdom
D) United States
E) Germany

Question 21

According to the 2014 publication Healthcare 2020, the following is true:

A) Americans are generally healthier than people in other countries.
B) Americans live longer than those from other countries.
C) Fifty million people in America suffer from chronic disease.
D) One in twenty 4-year-olds in America is now obese.
E) We spend more on medical care than we do on food or housing.

Question 22

According to the Institute for the Future, what four areas should the United States focus on to improve the health care outcomes in the United States?

A) more computers, more money for research, a one-payer system for payment, and more personal responsibility
B) better policy decisions for equity and funding, more providers, better education about health care, and more technology
C) common interests of individuals and communities, healthier food choices provided by the markets, better policy decisions for equity, funding and oversight, and more application of science and technology to solve health care problems
D) common interests of individuals and communities, more providers, more hospitals, and better access to care
E) more application of science and technology to health care problems, better communication between physicians, more training programs, healthier food choices provided by the markets

Question 23

The products and services that leverage the new developments in the study of human genes and capitalize on the trends toward wellness is called:

A) rational drug design
B) genometrics
C) personalized medicine
D) pharmacogenomics
E) epigenetics

Question 24

The study of the proteins that genes create or express is called:

A) rational drug design
B) genometrics
C) proteomics
D) pharmacogenomics
E) epigenetics

Question 25

The 2012 costs for diabetes and diabetic health-related problems were:

A) $1 billion
B) $100 billion
C) $245 billion
D) $345 billion
E) $500 billion

Question 26

Why is the aging population a concern for health care policy makers and providers?

Question 27

The study of changes in gene activity that do not involve alternations to the genetic code, but are still passed down to at least one successive generation is called:

A) rational drug design
B) genometrics
C) personalized medicine
D) pharmacogenomics
E) epigenetics

Question 28

What did PricewaterhouseCoopers estimate to be the value of the personalized medicine industry in 2009?

A) $1 billion
B) $100 billion
C) $150 billion
D) $225 billion
E) $500 billion

Question 29

What development has provided for an increase in personalized medicine?

A) DNA analyses
B) computers
C) cell phones
D) portable x-rays
E) more mid-level providers

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true about health information technology?

A) The health industry has lagged behind other industries in adopting technology for the business of health care.
B) The health industry has led other industries in adopting technology for the business of health care.
C) Data storage capabilities are limited in health care.
D) Handheld computers are not yet used in health care.
E) The security of health care records is not a concern in health care.

Question 31

The science of determining how genes cause the expression of certain traits in individuals is called:

A) rational drug design
B) genometrics
C) personalized medicine
D) pharmacogenomics
E) epigenetics

Question 32

What has been the largest barrier to using stem cells to treat disease?

A) availability of stem cells
B) rejection of stem cells by the body
C) adverse effects of treatment
D) cost of treatment
E) ethical and religious objections

Question 33

Identify at least four of the stakeholders in the health care system. Give examples of each.

Question 34

In a survey done by the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics in 2014, what percentage of Americans increasingly used the Internet as their first source for general and specific information about health care?

A) 10 - 20 percent
B) 25 - 35 percent
C) 40 - 55 percent
D) 60 - 65 percent
E) 70 - 75 percent

Question 35

According to the Institute for the Future, what should not be happening to the health care model?

A) Care should be coordinated and tracked by systematic approaches.
B) Providers will establish an ongoing relationship with patients.
C) Physicians should be independent to give the best care.
D) Remote monitoring of health status should be done where appropriate.
E) Patients will assume more responsibility for their own health.

Question 36

Define access as it relates to health care.

Question 37

Define cost as it relates to health care.

Question 38

According to the Kaiser Foundation, which of the following statements is true about the need for data and connectivity in health information technology?

A) All health care-related functions should be online.
B) Paper medical records should be the exception rather than the rule.
C) Social media does not help in connecting people with similar diseases.
D) Imaging results should always be hard copy.
E) Patients should always talk to a person when scheduling an appointment.

Question 39

Which of the following conditions has been suggested as being related to an individual developing diabetes?

A) cardiovascular conditions
B) cancer
C) digestive disorders
D) pulmonary disorders
E) obesity

Question 40

In a survey done by the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics in 2014, what Internet source was most important for physicians?

A) Twitter
B) online videos
C) Facebook
D) Pinterest
E) LinkedIn

Question 41

Define pharmacogenomics.

Question 42

What is the role of the individual person in the personalization of health care?

Question 43

Why is the prevention of diabetes so important?

Question 44

Define life expectancy and life span.

Question 45

Define genometrics.

Question 46

Define epigenetics.

Question 47

Identify at least three medical technologies that are a major driving force in health care.

Question 48

Describe how food labels could help in health care problems.

Question 49

What is the role of social media in health care?

Question 50

What is the role of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality?