Deck 13: Europe's Commercial Revolution,1000 - 1400

Question 1

Prior to 1000,most plows were made of

A)steel.
B)bronze.
C)tin.
D)stone.
E)wood.

Answer 1

wood.

Question 2

Increased crop production in Europe between 1000 and 1300 was attributed to

A)the change to rice.
B)intensification of cerealization in agriculture.
C)increased use of slave labor.
D)mechanized farming.
E)slash-and-burn techniques.

Answer 2

intensification of cerealization in agriculture.

Question 3

Abelard traveled as a teacher before settling down at the University of

A)Oxford.
B)Cambridge.
C)Bologna.
D)Dresden.
E)Paris

Answer 3

Paris

Question 4

Which of the following statements istrue?

A)Many urban artisans relied on family labor.
B)The non-farming class depended on the market for all of their food.
C)Many urban artisans were involved in food preparation.
D)A group of merchants specialized in transportation of good. 
E)All of these choices. 

Question 5

The animals usually associated with field rotation were

A)horses.
B)oxen.
C)sheep.
D)cattle.
E)sheep and cattle.

Question 6

In addition to using iron for plows,farmers after 1000 realized that it also helped to use iron for plow blades and

A)sickles.
B)horse shoes.
C)baskets.
D)sign posts.
E)carts.

Question 7

Abelard's father,who was a ____,intended for him to have some education.

A)lord.
B)king.
C)knight.
D)free serf.
E)priest.

Question 8

Abelard's fame came from being a/an

A)religious leader.
B)philosopher and teacher.
C)court official in Paris.
D)international merchant.
E)transcriber of ancient texts from Greek to Latin.

Question 9

England and ____ were the leaders in agricultural advancements.

A)Ireland.
B)Spain.
C)the Netherlands.
D)Northern France.
E)Italy.

Question 10

Which of the following was an obligation of a serf to his landlord?

A)Yearly obligation to pay lord a fixed share of his crop and herds.
B)Maintenance of estate roads.
C)Provide lodging and upkeep for guests.
D)Performing other tasks if the lord asked.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Women tended to livestock on farms.
B)Men were responsible for plowing and seeding.
C)Families often hired help.
D)Women were responsible for bringing in the harvest. 
E)All of these choices. 

Question 12

Agricultural changes in Europe

A)were introduced by the Franks.
B)were the result of the plague.
C)did not all occur at the same time throughout Europe.
D)were related to the Viking raids.
E)were introduced by the Muslims.

Question 13

Cathedrals across western Europe were funded by donations from many people but particularly from

A)guilds.
B)nobles.
C)other churches.
D)peasants.
E)special titles.

Question 14

The characteristics of guilds included which of the following

A)setting working hours.
B)limiting their members to a specific business or service.
C)regulating membership. 
D)establishing prices.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 15

The growth of the marketplace was aided by the rulers of western Europe making what for the first time since the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

A)Roads.
B)Coins.
C)Security forces.
D)Labor specialization.
E)Laws.

Question 16

Europe's commercial revolution resulted in which of the following?

A)the Crusades. 
B)increased land under cultivation.
C)the first European universities.
D)new religious institutions.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 17

The new inheritance practice of this time

A)committed the eldest son to go into the church.
B)divided the father's property equally among the sons.
C)involved only the eldest son inheriting the father's estates.
D)required the eldest son to join the military.
E)included daughters in the father's estate.

Question 18

By 1200,though water mills were plentiful in Europe,____ provided the best source of power.

A)humans.
B)rotary oxen pulls.
C)small wood burning steam power devices.
D)water pumps.
E)windmills.

Question 19

Agricultural innovations responsible for increased food production included which of the following?

A)windmills. 
B)horse-drawn plows.
C)crop rotation.
D)iron tools.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 20

Peter Abelard's personal "misfortunes," as he describes them in his autobiography of 1132,involved

A)his failure to become king of France.
B)his expulsion from the University of Paris.
C)his love affair with Heloise, his student.
D)the disastrous events of the first Crusade.
E)the early death of his parents.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Early learning centers in Europe were located in Rome and London.
B)Rather than universities, the first learning centers were simply groups of young men without teachers.
C)All lessons were taught in Greek.
D)As they were free and independent of government regulation, early universities created their own curriculum.
E)Students included potential young students from all social strata.

Question 22

Interest in the Islamic world decreased because

A)many Greek texts had been translated and sparked a great interest in this area.
B)most European scholars saw Islamic knowledge as inferior to the classics.
C)a strong interest in Roman law took center stage, especially in Bologna.
D)few Europeans knew enough Arabic to translate Arabic texts.
E)many were suspicious of the Islamic world because it was non-Christian.

Question 23

Abelard spent his first few yearsteaching at Notre Dame until

A)he left for the Crusades.  
B)he left with his student Heloise when she became pregnant. 
C)he left for a monastery to become a hermit.
D)he asked for Heloise's hand in marriage from her father Fulbert. 
E)None of these choices. 

Question 24

Abelard's treatise on the Bible and the classic sayings of the early church fathers was called

A)Sic et Non.
B)The Sentences.
C)The Summa.
D)The Chronicle.
E)The Guide for the Perplexed.

Question 25

Which of the following isan accurate description of the political system of this time?

A)Royal armies were often no stronger than the lords' armies.
B)Kings often fought wars with lords (vassals) for power.
C)Monarchs usually only controlled their immediate area.
D)Kings often lost power to lords.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 26

What was the most advanced subject matter of the trivium?

A)Arithmetic.
B)Meaning in Dialectic.
C)Grammar.
D)Music.
E)Rhetoric.

Question 27

As their Christian duty,wealthy landlords

A)gave land to churches and monasteries.
B)used church tax revenue to support orphans and the poor.
C)would often intercede in religious disputes.
D)committed a number of their serfs to monasteries or convents.
E)attempted to circumscribe the power of the church.

Question 28

The language used for education throughout Europe in c.1100 was

A)French.
B)English.
C)Latin.
D)Greek.
E) Italian.

Question 29

The term feudal - less favored by historians - was introduced by

A)modern-day scholars in describing the years 1000 to 1340.
B)people who lived during the years 1000 to 1400.
C)landlords of the time in referring to their serfs' obligations.
D)after 1600 as a legal concept.
E)the church, when addressing its members.

Question 30

Which of the following isassociated with Scholasticism?

A)Questioning the uncertainty of certain phrases because of their incompatibility.
B)Encourage questioning, which creates inquiry, which leads to the truth.
C)Inexperienced students should be taught to inquire into truth. 
D)Pose a question and use the power of reasoning to resolve a question through a long-term debate.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 31

The first university centers in Europe in c.1100 were in Bologna and

A)Paris. 
B)London.
C)Rome.
D)Athens.
E) Salerno.

Question 32

According to the French historian Georges Duby,the European societyafter 1000 was best symbolized by the relationship between

A)Christian and infidel.
B)powerful and powerless.
C)free and slave.
D)landed and landless.
E)church and king.

Question 33

The new inheritance law of primogeniture left land to

A)all sons and daughters.
B)the eldest son only.
C)sons but not daughters.
D)favorite sons.
E)sons and the church equally.

Question 34

Aside from universities and learning centers,how were basic schools organized?

A)Math was taught.
B)Latin was a requirement.
C)Girls were sometimes taught in separate rooms.
D)Basic schools were often associated with a church.
E)All of these.

Question 35

If a student had studied arithmetic,astronomy,geometry and music theorythe student had completed the ____ level of education.

A)trivium.
B)quadrivium.
C)basic.
D)liberal arts.
E)All of these.

Question 36

Between 1160 and 1200,all of the works of ____ had been translated from Arabic to Latin.

A)Plato.
B)Herodotus.
C)Confucius.
D)Aristotle.
E)Socrates.

Question 37

By 1100,while Paris was the center for the study of theology,the university of Bologna specialized in

A)law.
B)medicine.
C)music.
D)languages.
E)mathematics.

Question 38

Paper,the adjustable rudder,and the compass all originated where,the latter two through the Islamic world?

A)England.
B)Persia.
C)China.
D)Japan.
E)Islamic Spain.

Question 39

The effect of primogeniture on society included

A)rivalry between sons to inherit the family estate.
B)the creation of powerful estates.
C)the possibility that a strong landlord might become king.
D)estates left to daughters.
E)younger sons being forced to attend newly formed universities and re-establish themselves in other careers.

Question 40

In 1000,European society included which of the following?

A)serfs.
B)landed lords.
C)knights.
D)churches and monasteries. 
E)all of these choices.

Question 41

Please define the following key terms.
Guild

Question 42

Who was not a reform pope of this era?

A)Leo IX.
B)Gregory VII.
C)Innocent III.
D)Urban II.
E)All of these were reform popes.

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.
Cerealization

Question 44

Please define the following key terms.
Heloise

Question 45

The relationship of small countryside churches of the medieval era to their parish involved which of the following?

A)clergy who lived with lay church members.
B)church members who paid a tithe to the local parish priest.
C)secular clergy.
D)performance of the sacraments.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 46

Please define the following key terms.
Watermills

Question 47

The Franciscan Order,founded by Francis of Assisi,was more austere than the Cistercians in that it

A)preached on complex theological issues.
B)lived in small monastic cluster settlements.
C)forbade private ownership of money or books.
D)collected religious texts that were specifically related to Christ.
E)accepted gifts of land from powerful supporters.

Question 48

Secular clergy lived in parishes and worked with laity,while regular clergy were those members of the church who

A)worked at a large cathedral.
B)administered sacraments in a local church.
C)belonged to a monastic order.
D)taught at a university.
E)followed the order of the sacrament as dictated by the pope.

Question 49

Which of the following were related to the creation of the Crusades by Urban II?

A)the absolution of sin if one died enroute or in the fighting that followed. 
B)a request by the Byzantine emperor for help against the Seljuq Turks.
C)the loss of Jerusalem to the Muslims.
D)the creation of a large volunteer army wearing a cross on its clothing.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 50

The reforms of the church,at this time,included the reception of communion once a year and

A)addition of simony as church doctrine.
B)rejection of celibacy among the priests.
C)election of popes by a council of kings.
D)power of the pope to decide civil laws.
E)requirement that Christians confess annually.

Question 51

The most powerful person in the Western church after the pope,like Peter the Venerable in 1140,was

A)head of the University of Paris.
B)the abbot of Cluny.
C)Cardinal of Rome.
D)Emperor of Constantinople.
E)Head of the Dominican Order.

Question 52

Religious wars were not restricted to the Holy Lands,but were carried out in Europe as demonstrated by whichof the following?

A)the actions of the First Crusade against Jews in Germany.
B)expulsion of Jews from England.
C)the inquisition movement.
D)attacks against Christian Cathars.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 53

The Cistercian Order of monks broke away from the Clunaic order and established reforms that involved which of the following?

A)establishing fixed procedures for the creation of new monasteries.
B)living a life more austere than at Cluny. 
C)eating only vegetarian meals.
D)regular conferences to oversee the adherence monks to Cistercian regulations.
E)all of these choices.

Question 54

Simony refers to the buying of

A)a church office.
B)university degree.
C)church land.
D)a noble title.
E)a serf's feudal obligation.

Question 55

The guild of university teachers was involved in many aspects of the university,including which of the following?

A)choosing which students to admit into the university.
B)deciding who could receive a degree.
C)determining the composition of readings.
D)creating the content of examinations.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 56

Please define the following key terms.
Abelard

Question 57

Europeans gained new sources of information and knowledge about the world outside Europe by way of

A)the Crusades.
B)the travels of Marco Polo.
C)The Travels of Sir John Mandeville.
D)new trade networks.
E)All of these

Question 58

Please define the following key terms.
Windmills

Question 59

One of the long-lasting results of the sack of Constantinople in 1203 by the crusaders

A)was to create a permanent schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
B)was a retaliatory attack against Venice by the Seljuq sultan.
C)resulted in the exile of Pope Urban II.
D)restricted all future military actions in the Middle East to national forces.
E)resulted in the formal end of the crusading period.

Question 60

Saladin,the founder of the Islamic Ayyubid dynasty,was an important figure of the Crusades because he

A)divorced the Ayyubid from the Seljuqs.
B)created an effective navy to blockade any aid to crusaders.
C)lost the first battle to the crusaders at the Horns of Hattin.
D)committed his dynasty and himself to a jihad against the crusades.
E)prohibited Christians from entering the city of Jerusalem.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.
Secular Clergy

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.
Quadrivium

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.
University of Bologna

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.
University of Paris

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.
Regular Clergy

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.
Universities

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.
Knights

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.
Trivium

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.
Liberal Arts

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.
Heresy

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.
Cathedrals

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.
Primogeniture

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.
Clerical Celibacy

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.
Simony

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.
Feudal

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.
Serfs

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.
Fourth Lateran Council

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.
Cluny

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.
Aristotle

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.
Scholasticism