Deck 7: Basic Psychology Processes

Question 1

Which would be considered a moderator variable when measuring alcohol effects?

A)setting
B)gender
C)dose level
D)all of the above

Answer 1

D
all of the above

Question 2

Studies of divided attention (Moskowitz et al., 1985) found low to moderate levels of alcohol below the legal level:

A)seem to be harmless
B)may contribute to accidents
C)speed up information processing
D)have direct toxic effects on motor coordination

Answer 2

B
may contribute to accidents

Question 3

The Saults et al (2007) study on working memory found that ______________ doses of alcohol impaired memory for temporal sequences but not for simultaneous or spatial arrays of stimuli.

A)high
B)low
C)moderate
D)very low

Answer 3

C
moderate

Question 4

What can be concluded about the effects of heavy alcohol use on the brain?

A)chronic alcohol use impairs the functioning of the right hemisphere of the brain
B)chronic alcohol use impairs the functioning of the left hemisphere of the brain
C)chronic alcohol use impairs the functioning of both hemispheres of the brain
D)no set conclusion exists about which hypothesis of the neuropsychological basis of cognitive deficits among alcoholics is correct

Question 5

With the balanced placebo design, it is possible to evaluate

A)consumption effect
B)expectancy effect
C)interaction effect
D)all of the above

Question 6

The results of a controlled lab experiment using a driving simulator task has shown that

A)Under alcohol, subjects perceived passive hazards as less dangerous than active hazards
B)Under alcohol, subjects perceived active hazards as more dangerous than passive hazards
C)Under alcohol, subjects perceived passive hazards as more dangerous than active hazards
D)Under alcohol, subjects perceived active hazards as less dangerous than passive hazards

Question 7

Studies have shown that alcohol consumption even at low doses equivalent to 1 or 2 drinks taken within the past hour tend to disrupt ___________ .

A)mood levels
B)motor activity
C)reaction time
D)visuospatial skills

Question 8

Studies have shown which drug asides from alcohol, but is often paired with alcohol, contributes to impairment in driving ability?

A)cocaine
B)marijuana
C)cigarettes
D)tobacco

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true conclusions from Duka's 2001 study.

A)Explicit memory was better if the drug state at encoding and retrieval was the same
B)Alcohol given at retrieval decreased the cued recall of items from high associations compared to placebo, but did not have an effect on implicit stem completion
C)Implicit memory was better if the drug states during encoding and retrieval had been different
D)All above statements are true

Question 10

A limitation of the balanced placebo design is that:

A)not everyone may have identical beliefs or expectancies about alcohol's effects
B)everyone may have identical beliefs or expectancies about alcohol's effects
C)it can only be used with low doses of alcohol below a BAC of .04
D)a & c

Question 11

Comparison of smokers, deprived smokers, and nonsmokers (Parrott & Garnham, 1998) showed smokers:

A)attempted more mental arithmetic problems both before and after the rest/cigarette break
B)attempted more mental arithmetic problems before but not after the rest/cigarette break
C)attempted more mental arithmetic problems after but not before the rest/cigarette break
D)have faster cognitive processing they smoked or were deprived of smoking

Question 12

Mood should be assessed at _________ time points because blood alcohol level is a joint function of ___________ and ___________ since drinking.

A)several, dose, time
B)one, frequency, time
C)several, frequency, dose
D)two, dose, time

Question 13

A problem with most correlational studies of mood is use of __________ recall of moods.

A)introspective
B)retrospective
C)speculative
D)serial

Question 14

According to _____________________, the context of the physical environment during the time of information storage can aid memory recall.

A)context dependent learning
B)state dependent learning
C)social dependent learning
D)state related learning

Question 15

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome involves:

A)cognitive deficits from chronic heavy alcohol use
B)organic brain damage from heavy drinking
C)ataxia (body sway) and ocular disturbances
D)all of the above

Question 16

When the term expectancy is used in connection with experiments, it usually refers to the:

A)expected effects of alcohol
B)expectation about the type of beverage that will be consumed
C)expectation about the amount of beverage that will be consumed
D)expectation about when the beverage will be consumed

Question 17

Explicit memory is retention about events that occurred with _________ awareness of the participant, whereas implicit memory involves memory that occurred when participants had _________ awareness that their memory would be tested later.

A)no, no
B)full, full
C)no, full
D)full, no

Question 18

Which of the following disorders is not a result of heavy alcohol use?

A)Wernicke-Korsakoff
B)Diplopia
C)Anterograde amnesia
D)Retrograde amnesia

Question 19

Which of the following methodology examines correlations between drug use and correlational outcomes?

A)self selection
B)controlled observation
C)naturalistic observation
D)balanced placebo design

Question 20

Behavioral effects of alcohol differ over the course of the blood alcohol curve because:

A)alcohol is metabolized and eliminated over time
B)drinkers become sensitized to the test situation on different occasions
C)blood alcohol is due to both dose and time since drinking
D)a and c

Question 21

The increased vulnerablity hypothesis holds that:

A)alcohol deficits and aging effects are different
B)older brains are more vulnerable to alcohol impairment
C)young alcoholics perform better than nonalcoholics
D)age impairments exceed those between alcoholics and age-matched controls

Question 22

The premature aging hypothesis holds that:

A)alcoholics perform as if they had premature aging
B)alcoholics have deficits of right hemisphere function
C)younger alcoholics perform better than older alcoholics
D)all of the above

Question 23

A process approach to the neuropsychology of ^alcohol:

A)emphasizes cognitive functions rather than anatomical areas of the brain
B)argues that alcohol may not impair cognition without structural changes
C)ignores impact of irrelevant stimuli on task performance
D)all of the above