Deck 16: Maritime Expansion in Afro-Eurasia, 1500 - 1700

Question 1

From Ricci's point of view,all China really lacked was

A)a modern language.
B)aggressive leadership.
C)religious truth.
D)control of the elite class.
E)Western dress.

Answer 1

religious truth.

Question 2

As trade and commercial interaction increased between Europe,Africa,and South and East Asia,who displaced the Portuguese as the main European player in Indian Ocean commerce?

A)English.
B)Dutch.
C)Spanish.
D)French.
E)Russians.

Answer 2

Dutch.

Question 3

One of the most precious spices that Europe sought from the fabled "spice islands" was

A)Mace.
B)Nutmeg.
C)Malabar pepper.
D)Clove.
E)Cinnamon.

Answer 3

Cinnamon.

Question 4

In the market ports of India,what good was exported out of India to East Africa?

A)Slaves.
B)Timber.
C)Cotton cloth.
D)Ivory.
E)Gold.

Question 5

Ricci traveled from his native Italy to what part of Europe to learn this prevalent language and to prepare for his trip to Asia?

A)France.
B)Portugal.
C)Holland.
D)England.
E)Spain.

Question 6

Although the Portuguese were considered rude and unfit to trade with by the first Indian king they encountered,what gave them an edge in establishing themselves in the Indian Ocean?

A)Impressive gifts to various leaders.
B)Ports they docked at subject to Christian rulers.
C)Ship-mounted cannon.
D)Byzantine aid.
E)Promises to convert to Islam in return for trade.

Question 7

The Indian Ocean served to ____ trade between East Africa,the Persian Gulf,India,Southeast Asia,and China.

A)polarize.
B)increase.
C)connect.
D)decrease.
E)divide.

Question 8

What social class was associated with the new capitalist ideas of the joint stock company?

A)Nobles.
B)Monastics.
C)Scholars.
D)Peasants.
E)Bourgeoisie.

Question 9

The Portuguese replaced the Swahili in dominance on the East African coast by conquering what key city-state?

A)Aden.
B)Malindi.
C)Goa.
D)Kilwa.
E)Macao.

Question 10

Who granted the Dutch East India Company a charter to create a monopoly on trade with Asia?

A)Portugal.
B)Malacca.
C)The Netherlands.
D)The Pope.
E)Indonesia.

Question 11

Trade in West Africa was new and developing,beginning the origins of a new oceanic trade system centered on

A)competition between Portugal and Spain for empire.
B)rivalry between England and the Dutch for naval supremacy.
C)gold trade from Southern Africa.
D)Atlantic slave trade.
E)conflict over the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Question 12

After rounding the Cape of Good Hope,Vasco de Gama sailed toward

A)Brazil.
B)India.
C)Portugal.
D)Japan.
E)Safavid Iran.

Question 13

The earliest and greatest of the joint-stock companies in the East was/were the

A)Dutch East India Company.
B)British East India Company.
C)Portuguese in Melaka.
D)Kilawa gold companies in Swahili.
E)Ming China in Africa.

Question 14

Ricci saw many positive features during his time in China.These included which of the following?

A)fighting and violence were rarely seen. 
B)China was not militarily aggressive, even though it had a powerful army and navy.
C)China was not interested in waging war against its neighbors.
D)the government was run by the learned.
E)all of the answers are correct.

Question 15

After rounding the Cape of Good Hope,Vasco da Gama referred to what source to guide him from the East Coast of Africa to the Western coast of India?

A)Arabic-language charts and navigational guides.
B)The charts used by Zheng He.
C)Greek maps translated into Latin.
D)Charts made up by Henry the Navigator.
E)The descriptions of Marco Polo.

Question 16

The motive for seeking an all-water route to Asia by the Portuguese was to

A)establish colonies in the East Indies.
B)wrestle control of Australia from England.
C)Christianize Japan and Korea.
D)challenge the emerging power of the Dutch.
E)outflank the Muslim middleman who controlled the land routes through Western Asia and Africa.

Question 17

The Jesuits were taking advantage of the new maritime connections and traveled to which of the following?

A)China.
B)Brazil.
C)the Mississippi River Valley.
D)Quebec.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 18

Which of the following was a cause for the decline of the Portuguese position in the Indian Ocean?

A)Other European ships, carrying cannons, challenge the Portuguese navies. 
B)The British allied with Safavid Iran and took the port of Hurmuz.
C)The Portuguese were not able to successfully convert many people to Christianity.
D)Dutch merchants developed more efficient business and advanced shipping technologies.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

Ricci wrote idealized views of China because he

A)saw it as a way to gain respect from the people of China.
B)wanted to criticize his own Western society.
C)hoped it would help to increase converts to Christianity.
D)feared retribution from powerful families.
E)used it as a warning to China of the danger outside its borders.

Question 20

At the beginning of the sixteenth century,who controlled the port of Malacca and the straits between Sumatra and Malaya?

A)Hindus.
B)Muslims.
C)Buddhists.
D)Chinese.
E)Malays.

Question 21

The Ming Forbidden City was located in

A)Hangzhou.
B)Kaifeng.
C)Beijing
D)Hong Kong.
E)Chang-an.

Question 22

The status of Mughal India as the most powerful state in South Asia was dependent on which of the following?

A)internal trade.
B)unifying an ethnically diverse people. 
C)participation in Indian Ocean commerce.
D)political skill.
E)all of the answers are correct. 

Question 23

The Ming overthrew this dynasty in order to restore Confucian virtue to the rule of the "barbarians."

A)Korean.
B)Mongol Yuan. 
C)Mughal.
D)Vietnamese.
E)Tibetans.

Question 24

In the relationships between the countries of Japan,Korea,Vietnam,and China,which of the following is true with regard tohow these countries recognized each other?

A)Korea emulated Chinese philosophical foundations.
B)China recognized Vietnam as a civilized state.
C)Japan, to a degree, was influenced by China.
D)Vietnam mirrored the philosophies of China.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following was a cause for the Dutch to become the predominant commercial power in South Asia?

A)Used force to secure profits.
B)Introduced modern business practices.
C)Developed administrative techniques.
D)Advance in ship design and construction. 
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 26

By the time of Matteo Ricci's arrival in 1582,the population of China had reached

A)50 million.
B)120 million.
C)10 million.
D)one million.
E)one-half billion.

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the Kongo Kingdom,founded by the Portuguese in 1483?

A)Poverty-ridden collection of villages.
B)Chaotic ruling family.
C)Underdeveloped economic system.
D)Hostile attitude towards Europeans.
E)A society that appeared to be open to connections.

Question 28

The Dutch East India Company believed that trade was not possible without

A)diplomacy.
B)war.
C)fear.
D)royal patronage.
E)education.

Question 29

In the late fifteenth century,King Afonso Mvemba Nzinga of the Kongo did which of the following?

A)renamed his capital San Salvador. 
B)sent his son to study in Portugal.
C)exchanged diplomatic envoys with Portugal and the Vatican.
D)converted to Christianity.
E)all of the answers are correct 

Question 30

Where did the Portuguese first use African slaves for sugar plantations?

A)Hispaniola.
B)Madeira. 
C)Brazil.
D)Cuba.
E)Angola.

Question 31

Why did the worldwide silver economy become a problem for the Ming dynasty?

A)Foreign purchases and silver coming into the country could be unreliable.
B)Since pirating was a serious problem, the Ming tried to control seaborne commerce.
C)A consistent supply of silver coming into the country was necessary as it affected tax revenues.
D)Depending on the supply of silver, prices could reach inflationary rates.
E)All of these

Question 32

Resettlement of the Mughals had transformed Bangladesh from a tropical forestregion to one that produced vast amounts of

A)wheat.
B)hardwoods.
C)rice.
D)potatoes.
E)sugar.

Question 33

Stimulation of economy and trade in the entire East was a result of

A)the use of slaves.
B)joint-stock companies.
C)the mining of silver by the Spanish in the Americas.
D)new and efficient ships.
E)competition between European powers.

Question 34

Korea became one of the most literate societies in the world because of which of the following?

A)a new phonetic script based on the Korean language was introduced.
B)Buddhist texts were translated.
C)government sponsored the printing of Buddhist texts.
D)projects to write the history of the country were supported by the government. 
E)all of the answers are correct. 

Question 35

Akbar's policy of toleration and inclusion included which of the following

A)incorporating Hindu maharajahs into regional and imperial levels of government.
B)granted Hindus freedom of worship
C)treating the Muslims as another caste.
D)changing the tax system so as to eliminate the non-Muslim head tax.
E)all of the answers are correct. 

Question 36

Emperor Sejong of Korea belonged to what dynasty?

A)Le.
B)Ming.
C)Yuan.
D)Choson.
E)Wanli.

Question 37

The Le Dynasty of Vietnam favored what kind of scholars at court?

A)Buddhist.
B)Confucian.
C)Jesuit.
D)Shinto.
E)Islamic.

Question 38

The Mughals helped to ensure the loyalty of the old aristocracy by providing them with

A)10% of agricultural taxes.
B)free slaves.
C)10% of newly conquered lands.
D)a bonus of silver from the Americas.
E)subsidies for Buddhist monasteries.

Question 39

What was the overall effect of the slave trade?

A)Allowed the production of sugar to increase.
B)Never altered the traditional trade in foreign goods in Southeast Asia.
C)Had a major effect on the overall population of African population.
D)Made little change between African-European interactions.
E)Stopped the usual African incidents of warfare among tribes.

Question 40

Which of the following is true in regard to how prepared the Mughal state was for the expanding Indian Ocean commerce?

A)It had not developed a money economy.
B)It had very few exports that were in demand in the opening world market.
C)Income tax revenues were insufficient and unreliable.
D)A necessary system of transportation for trade had not yet begun.
E)It had shifted populations by subsidizing new settlements.

Question 41

In 1575 a poet in Mughal India translated the Ramayama epic into this commonly spoken language

A)Sanskrit.
B)Hindi.
C)Greek.
D)Arabic.
E)Persian.

Question 42

Treatment of girls reinforced a strict Confucian view that females should be

A)allowed to read histories.
B)read stories about girls submitting to their parents. 
C)held to a strict gender hierarchy.
D)listen to their sons when they were widowed. 
E)all of the answers are correct. 

Question 43

Why did the church charge Galileo with heresy?

A)He affirmed the heliocentric theory.
B)He displaced the earth from the center of the heavens.
C)His ideas challenged Aristotle.
D)He contradicted the book of Genesis.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 44

Samurai warriors were military retainers of the

A)emperor.
B)daimyo.
C)shoguns.
D)Buddhist temples.
E)royal army.

Question 45

What was Ricci's greatest accomplishment in his stay in China?

A)Conversion of the throne to Christianity.
B)Became the first major figure to play an important role in the Chinese-European encounter.
C)The spread of Christianity to Korea and Japan.
D)Widespread and numerous Chinese converts.
E)Translation of Bible into Chinese.

Question 46

The Japanese emperor

A)had the strong support of the military.
B)was a strong religious leader.
C)had power because he had the support of Ming China.
D)as a Buddhist, had great power over his people.
E)was a ritual leader with no real power.

Question 47

The main emphasis of the Neo-Confucian philosophy of Wang Yangming was to stress self-reflection and that

A)a sage is produced after years of close observation of the external world.
B)Islam, Christianity, and Judaism were false religions.
C)all classes were equal intellectually.
D)everyone is born with innate knowledge.
E)the moral constraints of Confucianism did not create a person of impeccable character.

Question 48

Ricci would often be invited by scholar-officials to participate in

A)memorization games.
B)philosophical debates.
C)repeating difficult passages in reverse.
D)persuading the audience on the merits of Christianity.
E)discussion of his trips.

Question 49

When Ricci arrived in China,he first associated with Buddhists monks,but discovered that he had to make which of the following changes to make contact with important court officials who were close to the emperor?

A)Shave his head.
B)Grow a beard.
C)Change his appearance and dress.
D)Learn to speak Chinese.
E)Present lavish and very rich gifts to the emperor.

Question 50

Matteo Ricci belonged to the Society of Jesus which is also known as

A)Franciscans.
B)Jesuits.
C)Dominicans.
D)Buddhist.
E)Lutheran.

Question 51

Ricci feared that the appeal in China of Christianity would be limited by what church demand?

A)Requiring all Chinese to be baptized.
B)Requiring all Chinese to abandon their loyalty to the emperor.
C)Demanding that Chinese abandon their ancestral shrines.
D)Elimination of the civil service examination.
E)Burial of emperor in elaborate tombs that included slain slave and servants.

Question 52

When Natteo Ricci first arrived,the predominant religion during the Ming Dynasty in China was

A)Buddhism
B)Confucianism.
C)Christianity.
D)Hinduism.
E)Sikhism.

Question 53

Some Church authorities disagreed with Ricci on the compatibility of which Chinese tradition and Christianity?

A)The divinity of the emperor.
B)Heaven and hell.
C)Confucian laws of morality.
D)Veneration of ancestors.
E)Buddhist goal of nirvana.

Question 54

In 1592,Korea was able to repel a Japanese invasion by the successful use of

A)flame throwers.
B)large numbers of samurai soldiers.
C)ramming ships.
D)heavily fortified "turtle ships"
E)Mongol military tactics.

Question 55

After 1614,the Japanese shoguns took which of the following actions against foreigners?

A)outlawed all foreign religions.
B)continued trade with China and Korea.
C)killed any Japanese who refused to recant Christianity.
D)limited trade with the Dutch to only one port.
E)all of the answers are correct. 

Question 56

Martin Luther was especially repelled by which church action?

A)Organizing the Crusades.
B)Iconology.
C)The selling of indulgences to raise money for Church building projects.
D)Separation of Christianity into Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox.
E)Choosing the pope from a gathering of cardinals.

Question 57

Ricci's most influential publication in Chinese was

A)Chinese Scholar.
B)Western Scholar.
C)Divine Faith.
D)The Great Encounter and the West.
E)The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven.

Question 58

After meeting and listening with representatives of many religious leaders and followers,Akbar proclaimed his belief in

A)the Sufis.
B)Protestantism.
C)Buddhism.
D)Divine Faith.
E)Zoroastrianism.

Question 59

Luther believed what in relation to Christians and the bible?

A)The bible needed to be read and interpreted by each Christian.
B)The bible needed to be explained to the people by a priest.
C)The bible should only be copied by hand, as a sacred text.
D)The bible alone was not enough to explain Christian belief.
E)The bible was important to faith but for rituals.

Question 60

Which of the following was a new religious philosophy in sixteenth-century Asia?

A)Protestant Reformation.
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation.
C)Orthodox Christianity.
D)Religious pluralism.
E)Sikhism. 

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.
Malacca

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.
Maharajahs

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.
Equal of a Magistrate

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.
Cape of Good Hope

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.
Ming Dynasty

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.
Dutch East India Company

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.
Bengal

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.
Vasco de Gama

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.
Swahili

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.
MughalDynasty

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.
Bourgeoisie

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.
Joint Stock Companies

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.
Matteo Ricci

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.
Slave Trade

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.
Nur Jahan

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.
Portugal

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.
Kongo Kingdom

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.
Kilwa

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.
King Afonso

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.
Emperor Akbar