Deck 15: A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Question 1

A meta-analysis of the results from 475 studies found that the average person who received therapy shows more improvement than about 80% of similar people who were not in therapy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

You have a bad habit of procrastinating. This habit is causing you difficulty in your life, so you decide to see a behavior therapist. To fix your problem, the behavior therapist will first explore your childhood to determine why you procrastinate.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The predominant view of abnormality in Western cultures today is the biopsychosocial model.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Psychologists overwhelmingly agree that the basic goal or idea behind the deinstitutionalization movement was flawed.

Question 5

DSM-IV is the manual that lists the officially approved treatments for each of the mental disorders.

Question 6

One reason that more behavior is now labeled as "mental illness" is that insurance companies are more likely to pay for treatment if the person has a diagnosed mental illness.

Question 7

Over the years, people have had many views of what abnormal behavior is, and what causes it. One recurrent idea is demon possession, a popular idea in medieval Europe and still a widespread idea in much of the world today.

Question 8

About 25% of all accused felons plead insanity in an effort to avoid going to prison.

Question 9

It is possible for a cognitive therapist to practice family systems therapy simultaneously.

Question 10

You are seeing a therapist to help treat your anxiety. Your therapist believes your anxiety stems from your beliefs that "I must do well at all times," and "people must approve of me." Your therapist is employing humanistic therapy.

Question 11

The percentage of therapists who use Freudian methods is smaller today than during the 1950s.

Question 12

You go to a therapist who asks you to describe your dreams. Your therapist then offers interpretations of what your dreams actually mean. Your therapist is using the psychoanalytic approach.

Question 13

One common theme in all the different approaches to therapy is a deep concern for the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors experienced in childhood.

Question 14

Most therapists practicing today use an eclectic approach, in which they use a combination of methods and approaches to therapy.

Question 15

Personality disorders are included along with mental retardation on Axis II of DSM-IV because they are conditions that generally persist through the person's life.

Question 16

Surveys indicate that 5-10% of the population in the United States will suffer from a psychological disorder at some point in their life.

Question 17

People who have been involuntarily committed to a mental hospital still have the legal right to refuse a particular form of treatment.

Question 18

The goal of psychoanalysis is to help the client move their conflicts from conscious awareness to the unconscious, ending the problem.

Question 19

Forensic psychologists and psychiatrists evaluate patients and then decide who requires an involuntary commitment and who does not.

Question 20

You are seeing a therapist to help treat your anxiety. Your therapist is completely accepting of you, but rarely offers suggestions or advice, and instead paraphrases and restates what you have just said. Your therapist is employing cognitive therapy.

Question 21

DSM-IV classifies psychological disorders along _________ axes.
or

Question 22

Behavior therapists assume that human behavior is ____________________ and that it can be ____________________.

Question 23

The current edition of the book that lists approved diagnoses of psychological disorders is abbreviated ____________________.

Question 24

The predominant view of abnormal behavior in Western cultures today is the ____________________ view.

Question 25

Before World War II almost all psychotherapists were ____________________, and most of them used ____________________ methods.

Question 26

In psychoanalysis, ____________________ is an attempt to gain access to the unconscious.

Question 27

____________________ therapy focuses more on changing what people do than what they think.

Question 28

A therapist who uses many methods, depending on what seems to work in an individual case, is said to be ____________________.

Question 29

____________________ means the removal of patients from mental hospitals.

Question 30

You tell your therapist, "No one likes me." Your therapist responds, "What evidence do you have for this hypothesis?" Your therapist is most likely a ____________________ therapist.

Question 31

The emotional attachment that a patient develops toward his or her therapist is known as ____________________.

Question 32

Groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous which provide support for people with similar problems without using a trained therapist are ____________________ groups.

Question 33

The distinguishing feature of ____________________ therapy is that the therapist provides an atmosphere in which the client can deal with his or her own problems.

Question 34

The use of the term ____________________ by a therapist refers to a release of pent-up emotions associated with unconscious thoughts and memories.

Question 35

Insanity refers to the defendant's ____________________ at the time of the crime.

Question 36

____________________ usually makes a client begin dealing with main problems promptly.

Question 37

The ____________________ legal rules requires a therapist to warn a person if they believe they have a patient that might harm them

Question 38

____________________ focuses on reducing the incongruence between a person's self-concept and their ideal self.

Question 39

____________________ of the DSM-IV is used to classify personality disorders and mental retardation.

Question 40

Of all people with any psychiatric diagnosis, nearly ____________________ qualify for at least one additional diagnosis.

Question 41

To standardize their definitions of disorders, psychiatrists and psychologists developed a reference book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-now in its fourth edition and therefore known as the DSM-IV. Describe the five axes that the DSM-IV uses to categorize psychological disorders.

Question 42

One of the ongoing debates in psychology and psychiatry is deciding whether to put more resources into prevention or treatment. Traditionally, psychologists and psychiatrists have focused on treatment, but to many, prevention would be a better focus of resources and time. Prevention is defined as avoiding a disorder from the start. Give three examples of actions presented in this chapter that individuals and society can take to prevent certain types of psychological disorders.

Question 43

In Western cultures today, the predominant view of the etiology of abnormal behavior is the biopsychosocial model, which emphasizes that abnormal behavior has three major aspects. Briefly describe the three components of the biopsychosocial model.

Question 44

The early pioneers of psychotherapy almost exclusively saw their clients individually. While individual treatment has advantages, such as privacy, treating people in groups has become increasingly common. Describe briefly the advantage of group therapy and two common types of group therapy; self-help groups and family systems therapy.

Question 45

While there are hundreds of types of therapy available across the world, there are five specific types highlighted in your chapter. These include; psychoanalysis, cognitive therapy, humanistic therapy, behavior therapy, and family system therapy. In terms of behavior therapy and cognitive therapy, describe the theory of what causes the psychological disorder, the goal of treatment and the role of the therapist for both types of therapy.