Deck 11: A--Motivated Behaviors

Question 1

Abraham Maslow proposed that we resolve conflicts by a hierarchy of needs.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Motivation is the process that determines the reinforcement value of an outcome.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Insulin increases the flow of glucose and several other nutrients into body cells.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

On the average, adult homosexual males have less testosterone than adult heterosexual males.

Question 5

The Kinsey survey of human sexual behavior was given to such a large sample (about 18,000 respondents), the results are assumed to be representative of the population.

Question 6

The causes of anorexia are currently unknown.

Question 7

A person who in general is sexually attracted to men is said to have a male gender identity.

Question 8

Fat cells in your body release the hormone leptin, which signals your brain that you should stop eating.

Question 9

Alice solves crossword puzzles because she enjoys the challenge and takes satisfaction from successfully completing a puzzle. Psychologists would describe Alice's behavior as extrinsically motivated.

Question 10

Wanda was born in the U.S. in 1960. Rhonda was born in the U.S. in 1985. Based on this information, psychologists would predict that Rhonda has a greater risk for developing bulimia in her lifetime than Wanda does.

Question 11

The probability of a homosexual orientation is higher among monozygotic twins of adult homosexuals than among their fraternal twins.

Question 12

A recent survey of 27,500 people from 30 countries found that sexual activity basically stops by about age 70.

Question 13

Psychologists used to think that bisexuality was just a temporary transition by someone switching between homosexual and heterosexual attraction.

Question 14

The fact that some people seek out and enjoy the opportunity to ride a roller coaster is best explained by the drive-reduction theory of motivation.

Question 15

Contemporary surveys of sexual orientation find that about 10% of people have a homosexual (gay or lesbian) orientation.

Question 16

Cases of bulimia have only been found in cultures that have a strong Western influence.

Question 17

Research indicates that people, on the average, eat more when they alone than they would eat with a group of friends.

Question 18

Emotional problems (such as anxiety and depression) are one of the leading causes of obesity.

Question 19

Psychologists used to think that bisexuality was just a temporary transition by someone switching between homosexual and heterosexual attraction.

Question 20

Compared to adults, most children prefer to receive a smaller, immediate reward rather than a larger, delayed reward.

Question 21

The pancreas secretes both ____________________, which promotes the movement of nutrients out of the blood and into the cells, and ____________________, which helps to convert stored supplies back into blood glucose.

Question 22

Maintaining stability of temperature, body weight, body water, and other biological conditions is known as ____________________.

Question 23

Job satisfaction is heritable.

Question 24

An area of the brain that is especially important in determining when to start and stop eating is the ____________________.

Question 25

Abraham Maslow proposed that we resolve conflicts by a ____________________, an organization from the most insistent needs to the ones that receive attention only when all others are under control.

Question 26

When people receive more extrinsic motivation than necessary to perform a task, their intrinsic motivation declines. This is called ____________________.

Question 27

An important source of energy for all parts of the body, and the main source of energy for the brain, is ____________________.

Question 28

A revised concept of homeostasis is ____________________, defined as maintaining levels of biological conditions that vary according to an individual's needs and circumstances.

Question 29

____________________ controls the rate at which nutrients (such as glucose) leave the blood and enter the cells of the body.

Question 30

According to Masters and Johnson, the first of the four physiological stages of sexual arousal is the ____________________ stage.

Question 31

Someone who regards himself as a man and who prefers male sexual partners has a ____________________ gender identity.

Question 32

Bulimics are most often ____________________ , anorexics are most often ____________________.

Question 33

A motivation to engage in an act for its own sake is called _________.

Question 34

The process that determines the reinforcement value of an outcome is called _____________________.

Question 35

Anorexia nervosa is far more likely to occur in ____________________ than in ____________________.

Question 36

Fructose tastes ____________________ than other sugars, so you need ____________________ calories of fructose to achieve the same taste.

Question 37

A man who has a homosexual orientation is most likely to have a brother who is also homosexual if that brother is ____________________.

Question 38

According to the research, the most effective goal is one that is high but realistic.

Question 39

Job satisfaction is ____________________ correlated with job performance.

Question 40

An internally generated tendency toward vigorous activity is known as ____________________, an external stimulus that pulls us toward a particular activity is known as ____________________.

Question 41

Like many other important concepts in psychology, motivation is difficult to understand. There are four theories of motivation described in your text. Select two of the theories and briefly describe the views proposed in the theories.

Question 42

Researchers have many reasons for inquiring about the frequency of various sexual behaviors. The main method that researchers utilize is surveys. Describe the advantage between contemporary surveys compared to Kinsey's original survey. Explain one of the main limitations of both the Kinsey survey and contemporary surveys.

Question 43

Research suggests that there are different types of psychological factors that arouse individuals to act towards meeting a desired goal. Psychologists distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Define intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and give an example of each type of motivation in the context of reading a book.

Question 44

Eating may be affected by a number of factors, such as appetite, food portions, and cultural practices. Eating disorders, however, involve more extreme disturbances in eating behavior, such as unhealthy reduction of calories or extreme anxiety concerning weight. Two eating disorders presented in your text are anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Briefly describe each of these disorders.

Question 45

Shelley is trying to lose some weight before Spring Break. She is reading her textbook trying to figure out what the keys are for successfully meeting her goal. What conditions would Shelley need to consider in order to increase the likelihood of meeting her goal?