Deck 10: A--Consciousness

Question 1

People traveling east suffer more serious jet lag than do people traveling west.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Dreaming occurs only during REM sleep.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Hypnosis can be used as a method for reducing the emotional response to pain.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Insomnia is defined as the inability to sleep for more than five consecutive hours at a time.

Question 5

Humans have a circadian rhythm, but such a mechanism has not yet been discovered in other animal species.

Question 6

Tom is a 70-year-old man. Tom is likely to do worse on a memory test taken at 5:00 p.m. than he would on the same test taken at 8:00 a.m.

Question 7

The brain wave patterns typical in REM sleep most closely resemble stage 4 sleep.

Question 8

Spatial neglect occurs in certain cases where there is damage to parts of the right hemisphere, spatial neglect is rare when there is damage to the left hemisphere.

Question 9

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the brain structure that produces the circadian rhythm.

Question 10

People who were born blind do not have visual images in their dreams.

Question 11

Memories recalled under hypnosis are more accurate than ordinary memories.

Question 12

Phi effect patients insist relatives and close friends are unfamiliar, and that their relatives are impostors who just resemble their relatives.

Question 13

An EEG of a person under hypnosis is the same as an EEG of a person who is asleep.

Question 14

Neural activity is the same when stimuli are consciously perceived as compared to when they are not consciously perceived.

Question 15

Larger animal species need more sleep than smaller species.

Question 16

You are the president of a company in the United States, and you are negotiating with a company on the other side of the world. Given the research on jet lag, you should schedule a meeting somewhere in Europe to give your company the greatest advantage.

Question 17

The research evidence supports the claim that hypnosis can help people accurately recall forgotten memories from childhood.

Question 18

Research suggests that people engage in unconscious processing prior to making a conscious decision.

Question 19

Although a person's brain is quite active during REM sleep, the large muscles of the body are deeply relaxed.

Question 20

There appears to be a correlation between a person's age and whether they are a morning person or an evening person.

Question 21

The ____________________ experience is the sense that an event is uncannily familiar.

Question 22

People vary in their circadian rhythms. One description that has arisen to describe individuals who prefer different times of the day are "morning and evening people." Describe "morning people" and "evening people." Which type is a 20-year-old more likely to be?

Question 23

A person is suffering from ____________________ if he or she consistently feels tired and inefficient during the day due to lack of sleep.

Question 24

____________________ is a condition in which people have trouble breathing while they sleep.

Question 25

The increased motor cortex activity prior to the start of the movement is known as the ____________________.

Question 26

People with ____________________ experience sudden attacks of extreme sleepiness in the middle of the day.

Question 27

Stage 2 of sleep is marked by ____________________, waves of activity at about 12-14 per second.

Question 28

Bob seems to be deeply asleep, yet his brain waves resemble those of an alert, waking state. Bob is now in ____________________ sleep and just before this he was in ____________________.

Question 29

During the ____________________stage of sleep, the major postural muscles are most relaxed.

Question 30

Nightmares occur mostly during ____________________ sleep, night terrors occur during ____________________ sleep.

Question 31

____________________ rhythms are those that last about a day.

Question 32

____________________ is a tendency to ignore the left side of the body, the left side of the world, or the left side of objects.

Question 33

Unlike young people, nearly all people over the age of sixty-five are ____________________.

Question 34

____________________ refers to a period of discomfort and inefficiency while your internal clock is out of phase with your new surroundings.

Question 35

The subjective experience of perceiving oneself and other entities is known as ____________________.

Question 36

____________________ theory suggests that dreams are thinking that occurs under special conditions.

Question 37

Circadian rhythms are controlled by ____________________, so people's sleep-wake cycles are ____________________.

Question 38

The area of the brain known to generate the body's circadian rhythm is the ____________________.

Question 39

People experiencing the ____________________ would likely report seeing a light moving even though there is no moving light.

Question 40

Freud referred to the surface appearance of a dream as the ____________________ content.

Question 41

One of the most enduring questions in sleep research is, what do we dream about and why? Modern theories of dreaming include the activation-synthesis theory and the neurocognitive theory. Briefly describe each theory.

Question 42

A sleep disorder is a condition that occurs within our sleep patterns. Insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy represent three varying types of sleep disorders. Give a brief description of all three conditions.

Question 43

What is spatial neglect? Describe what you would expect to see in someone with spatial neglect trying to read a book. Lastly, is it more likely that someone with spatial neglect has damage to the left or right hemisphere?

Question 44

Hypnosis is a condition of increased suggestibility that occurs in the context of a special hypnotist-subject relationship. Many claims have been made about what can be accomplished under hypnosis. Give an example of a practical use of hypnosis that has been supported empirically and an example of a claim that has not been supported.