Deck 7: Depressants and Inhalants

Question 1

Sedative-hypnotic agents bind to which receptors in the brain?

A)glutamate
B)GHB
C)serotonin
D)GABA

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Two drugs that were introduced as being safer than the barbiturates,but in the long run proved to be not much safer,were

A)fluoxetine and paroxetine.
B)toluene and xylene.
C)meprobamate and methaqualone.
D)perphenazine and thiazine.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What has kept paraldehyde from being widely used?

A)danger to the CNS
B)bad taste and odor
C)danger to the respiratory system
D)irritation to the gastric system

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The modern era of abuse of volatile solvents by young people can be traced to a 1959 newspaper report of

A)gasoline huffing.
B)glue sniffing.
C)lead paint poisoning.
D)nitrite abuse.

Question 5

Librium (chlordiazepoxide)and Valium (diazepam)were the first widely sold

A)benzodiazepines.
B)barbiturates.
C)methaqualones.
D)sedatives.

Question 6

Withdrawal from long-term use of sedative-hypnotic drugs is characterized by

A)aching,high blood pressure,drowsiness.
B)anxiety,insomnia,nausea,seizures.
C)rapid mood swings.
D)minor discomfort,but no serious symptoms.

Question 7

One of the most dangerous acute effects of taking depressants in combination with alcohol is

A)the "cheese reaction".
B)respiratory depression.
C)seizures.
D)slurred speech.

Question 8

Zolpidem (Ambien)is:

A)an older sleeping pill that is no longer marketed.
B)an intermediate-acting barbiturate.
C)not a benzodiazepine chemically,but it has similar effects.
D)a long-acting benzodiazepine.

Question 9

Which of the following drugs could theoretically be used to treat barbiturate withdrawal?

A)methamphetamine
B)fluoxetine
C)alcohol
D)modafinil

Question 10

When benzodiazepines bind to their receptor site,they

A)release barbiturates.
B)block acetylcholine receptors.
C)reduce the membrane electrical potential.
D)enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA.

Question 11

Which of these is NOT one of the early sedative-hypnotics used in medicine?

A)chloral hydrate
B)paraldehyde
C)butyrate
D)bromide salts

Question 12

Among the barbiturates,when prescribing a sleeping pill (hypnotic),physicians would usually choose a

A)higher dose of a short-acting drug.
B)lower dose of a long-acting drug.
C)higher dose of a long-acting drug.
D)lower dose of a short-acting drug.

Question 13

The CNS depressants include various prescription drugs referred to as

A)GHBs.
B)sedative-hypnotics.
C)entheogens.
D)catecholamines.

Question 14

One of the oldest gaseous anesthetics,popularly known as "laughing gas," is

A)butane.
B)diazepam.
C)pentobarbital.
D)nitrous oxide.

Question 15

The major advantage of the benzodiazepines over the barbiturates seems to be the

A)lower cost.
B)greater effectiveness.
C)shorter duration of activity.
D)greater safety margin.

Question 16

The four most widely sold benzodiazepines are all longer-acting drugs sold primarily as

A)anxiolytics.
B)analgesics.
C)hypnotics.
D)antidepressants.

Question 17

How are barbiturates usually classified?

A)duration of action
B)price
C)chemical structure
D)strength of hypnotic effect

Question 18

Animal self-administration experiments and studies of drug choice among humans indicate that

A)benzodiazepines have no dependence liability.
B)rats and people are very different in the drugs they choose to self-administer.
C)short-acting barbiturates are more likely to lead to dependence than any of the benzodiazepines.
D)all of the benzodiazepines have high dependence liability.

Question 19

What household product contains nitrous oxide?

A)fuel gas
B)hair spray
C)spray paint
D)whipped cream dispensers

Question 20

The "date-rape" drug Rohypnol (flunitrazepam)

A)is no longer manufactured legally.
B)is sold as a hypnotic agent (sleeping pill)in many countries other than the U.S.
C)was never marketed by any company because of its unusual impairment of memory
D)is available by prescription in the U.S.

Question 21

Among the sedative-hypnotic drugs,short-acting barbiturates seem to be the most likely to lead to drug dependence.

Question 22

GHB has been used for several purposes.Describe its recent history of various medical and recreational uses and its status as a controlled substance.

Question 23

Nitrous oxide ("laughing gas")is a Schedule I controlled substance.

Question 24

Benzodiazepines replaced barbiturates primarily because they were believed to be safer.

Question 25

Discuss the use of medications as hypnotics (sleeping pills).What types of drugs are used,and what are some of the concerns associated with the use of sleeping pills? Are there any alternatives to drug use?

Question 26

Sodium pentathol is long-acting barbiturate used to treat insomnia.

Question 27

Ambien (zolpidem)is a popular benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety.

Question 28

Volatile solvents that act as CNS depressants are found in a wide variety of household products.

Question 29

GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid)

A)is derived from morning glory seeds.
B)occurs naturally in the brain.
C)is a gas used to make whipped cream.
D)blocks the intoxicating effects of alcohol.

Question 30

Anecdotally,__________ (or "poppers")are used to enhance sexual pleasure.

A)nitrous oxide
B)amyl nitrite
C)GHB
D)Rohypnol

Question 31

Explain how a drug's rate of onset and duration of action affect psychological dependence and withdrawal.Give examples from this chapter.

Question 32

Paraldehyde is a CNS depressant that is currently available in several over-the-counter medications.

Question 33

Inhalant use has traditionally been more common among

A)poor Hispanic and Native American youth.
B)middle-class white children.
C)middle-class black children.
D)construction workers.

Question 34

When barbiturates were the most popular sedative-hypnotics,low doses of the long-acting types were used as sleeping pills.

Question 35

The majority of "huffers" (users of inhalants)are above age 25.

Question 36

The usual recreational dose of GHB when taken alone is about

A)10-20 milligrams.
B)100 micrograms.
C)1-5 grams.
D)100-200 grams.