Deck 4: The Nervous System

Question 1

Whether the effect of a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on

A)blood sugar level.
B)the type of receptor.
C)the rate of synthesis.
D)enzyme actions.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession,causing the neuron to depolarize and then return to its normal resting level,during each

A)action potential.
B)homeostasis.
C)metabolism.
D)transporter.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of these is NOT one of the four important regions found in every neuron?

A)cell body
B)dendrites
C)axon
D)glia

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules is called

A)homeostasis.
B)uptake.
C)depolarization.
D)synthesis.

Question 5

The ______________ is an important link between the brain and the pituitary gland,and is involved in feeding,drinking,temperature regulation,and sexual behavior.

A)cerebral cortex
B)cerebellum
C)limbic system
D)hypothalamus

Question 6

The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is

A)serotonin.
B)dopamine.
C)norepinephrine.
D)GABA.

Question 7

Which of the following neurotransmitters is found in most parts of the brain and is considered inhibitory?

A)serotonin
B)dopamine
C)GABA
D)norepinephrine

Question 8

Parasympathetic and sympathetic refer to the two branches of the

A)glia.
B)axon.
C)autonomic nervous system.
D)limbic system.

Question 9

Cocaine selectively blocks Na+ (sodium)channels,which is the mechanism that leads to

A)CNS stimulation.
B)increased heart rate.
C)local anesthetic effects.
D)cocaine dependence.

Question 10

Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in the

A)brain stem.
B)frontal lobe.
C)cerebellum.
D)pituitary gland.

Question 11

Weight control,aggression,impulsivity,and psychological depression have all been associated with

A)serotonin pathways.
B)endorphins.
C)GABA receptors.
D)the parasympathetic branch.

Question 12

Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons called the

A)transporter.
B)synapse.
C)partition.
D)vesicle.

Question 13

In addition to neurons,the brain contains an even larger number of another cell type known as

A)mitochondria.
B)glia.
C)serotonin.
D)pseudopodia.

Question 14

The disease ______________ results from a loss of myelin wrappings.

A)Parkinson's disease
B)multiple sclerosis
C)schizophrenia
D)Alzheimer's disease

Question 15

Parkinson's disease produces tremors and muscular rigidity because of damage to

A)acetylcholine neurons in the parasympathetic branch.
B)dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway.
C)norepinephrine neurons in the locus ceruleus.
D)the blood-brain barrier.

Question 16

The process of maintaining our internal environment (temperature,water balance,etc.)within certain limits is called

A)the blood-brain barrier.
B)sympathetic.
C)homeostasis.
D)inhibition.

Question 17

Specialized structures that recognize neurotransmitter molecules and,when activated,may cause a change in the electrical activity of the neuron,are called

A)pons.
B)receptors.
C)medulla.
D)autonomic.

Question 18

Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and other opium-derived drugs are called

A)amphetamines.
B)depressants.
C)endorphins.
D)ecstasy.

Question 19

Drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems in two main ways: either by altering the availability of the neurotransmitter in the synapse,or by

A)acting on the blood-brain barrier.
B)altering hormone levels.
C)acting directly on the receptors.
D)increasing blood pressure.

Question 20

Which chemical pathway appears to be important both in some types of psychotic behavior and in the reinforcing properties of various drugs?

A)acetylcholine pathway from the nucleus basalis
B)serotonin pathway from the raphe nuclei
C)mesolimbic dopamine pathway
D)glutamate pathway

Question 21

MRI and PET are two types of neurotransmitter chemicals.

Question 22

Suppose you wanted to prescribe a hypothetical drug that would have an overall excitatory effect on the nervous system.Which would you choose?

A)a glutamate metabolizer
B)a dopamine metabolizer
C)a GABA antagonist
D)a norepinephrine antagonist

Question 23

What are the steps involved in the life cycle of a neurotransmitter?

Question 24

The actions of drugs on neurotransmitter systems can be divided into two main types.What are they?

Question 25

The complex branching parts of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called dendrites.

Question 26

Describe the differing effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 27

In the neuron,neurotransmitters are stored in the myelin sheaths.

Question 28

Describe the structure of a neuron.

Question 29

The brain imaging technique that involves injection of radioactive chemicals in order to measure brain function is called

A)positron emission tomography (PET).
B)mass spectroscopy.
C)electron microscopy.
D)electrochemical detection.

Question 30

Unlike neurons,glial cells in the brain are purely for support and are incapable of communicating with each other.

Question 31

It is possible to have an action potential that is relatively small in magnitude (if few channels are open).

Question 32

GABA and glutamate are similar in that they are found throughout the brain and are primarily inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Question 33

One of the main ways that drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems is by cutting off blood flow to a specific brain structure.

Question 34

Parkinson's disease patients are often treated with dopamine because L-dopa cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.