Deck 14: Psychedelics

Question 1

Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis are examples of

A)plants containing mescaline.
B)hallucinogenic mushrooms.
C)anticholinergics.
D)poisonous fungi.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

LSD and psilocybin belong to the chemical grouping of

A)benzodiazepines.
B)cholinomimetics.
C)indoles.
D)steroids.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The psychological effect of LSD was first reported by

A)Dr.Sigmund Freud,a Viennese physician.
B)Albert Hofmann,the Swiss chemist who developed the drug.
C)Timothy Leary,a Harvard psychologist.
D)Saint Anthony.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Although LSD has complex effects in the brain,the best evidence indicates that its hallucinogenic properties are due to stimulating

A)serotonin-2A receptors.
B)the mesolimbic dopamine system.
C)cholinergic receptors.
D)GABA receptors.

Question 5

The early LSD researcher who was fired from his academic job,became a proponent of hallucinogenic drug use,and started a religion in which LSD was the sacrament is:

A)William Halstead.
B)Timothy Leary.
C)Parke Davis.
D)Robert Wood Johnson.

Question 6

In rare cases,people who have used LSD experience similar symptoms weeks or months later.The common term for this has been

A)synesthesia.
B)flashbacks.
C)automatism.
D)semantic memory.

Question 7

One name that has been used for hallucinogenic drugs is psychedelic,which means

A)mind-viewing,and implies a beneficial,visionary effect.
B)mind-destroying.
C)insanity-producing.
D)mind-building,implying greater intelligence.

Question 8

A close relative of LSD,d-lysergic acid amide,is found naturally in

A)morning glories and Hawaiian baby woodroses.
B)peyote cactus.
C)henbane.
D)opium poppies.

Question 9

One major grouping of hallucinogens typically allows the user to remain in some touch with the real world and to remember much of what he or she experienced.This group of drugs was referred to as the

A)narcotics.
B)entactogens.
C)psychotomimetics.
D)phantastica.

Question 10

The combination of two plants,one containing DMT and the other containing harmaline (an MAO inhibitor),was originally used by indigenous cultures in South America and is called,

A)psilocybin.
B)mescal.
C)ayahuasca.
D)amanita.

Question 11

During the 1950s,one U.S.government agency that conducted research with LSD was the

A)Central Intelligence Agency.
B)Centers for Disease Control.
C)Department of Education.
D)Department of Agriculture.

Question 12

DMT,a short-acting hallucinogen that is usually ineffective when taken orally,is found in

A)Jimson weed.
B)Mexican mushrooms.
C)mescal beans.
D)Cohoba snuff.

Question 13

LSD was synthesized from alkaloids derived from

A)banana skins.
B)mushrooms.
C)ergot fungus.
D)toad skins.

Question 14

In hunter-gatherer societies,the shaman or medicine man (or woman)was important not only for understanding what we now call medicine,but also because he or she was

A)usually a close relative of the chief.
B)a spiritual,or religious leader.
C)also a judge who decided how to punish misbehavior.
D)often the wealthiest member of the group.

Question 15

The catechol hallucinogens include mescaline plus a variety of synthetic derivatives of

A)amphetamine.
B)morphine.
C)cocaine.
D)acetylcholine.

Question 16

The Native American Church includes aspects of Christianity and uses __________ as a sacrament.

A)LSD
B)peyote
C)Cohoba snuff
D)coca leaves

Question 17

Besides hallucinations,mescaline also produces

A)sedation and drowsiness.
B)analgesia.
C)hunger and thirst.
D)pupil dilation and increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 18

LSD is considered to be the most potent psychoactive agent known to man because

A)it produces such powerful effects on the mind.
B)it is so toxic.
C)it produces effects at such low doses.
D)its effects are so long-lasting.

Question 19

The sensation of experiencing sounds as pictures,or of seeing movements produced by musical rhythms,is known as

A)tachyphylaxis.
B)analgesia.
C)homeostasis.
D)synesthesia.

Question 20

The major thrust of early research on LSD was for its

A)possible use in treating rheumatism.
B)ability to relieve pain.
C)ability to reduce cravings for nicotine.
D)supposed ability to access the subconscious mind.

Question 21

Which of the following hallucinogens has NOT received recent scientific interest as a psychotherapeutic agent?

A)LSD
B)psilocybin
C)MDMA
D)PCP

Question 22

When evaluating drug-related data from animal studies,which of these questions should be asked?

A)Was the dosing regimen used similar to that used by humans?
B)Was the route of administration similar to that used by humans?
C)Was the drug self-administered by the animal?
D)All of the above.

Question 23

Although PCP was tested on humans,it was eventually adopted primarily for use in animals as an anesthetic and also in so-called "tranquilizer" guns.

Question 24

Synesthesia refers to the experiencing of hallucinogenic effects even months after taking the drug.

Question 25

There is a large body of evidence indicating that MDMA use results in a severely depressed mood that lasts several days.

Question 26

The indole originally found in toad skins,that turns out not to be a very potent hallucinogen,is

A)bufotenin.
B)muscimol.
C)ergotamine.
D)mescaline.

Question 27

The red and white speckled mushroom that has been associated with an early Christian cult as well as with other religions all over the world is

A)datura inoxia.
B)psilocybe cubensis.
C)amanita muscaria.
D)mescal.

Question 28

Anticholinergic plants like datura have potent psychological effects but are not very dangerous physiologically.

Question 29

A drug that has been reported to produce an increase in sociability and euphoria,as well as an increase in blood pressure,body temperature,and pulse is:

A)MDMA.
B)PCP.
C)scopolamine.
D)bufotenin.

Question 30

Ayahuasca is a name for the cactus containing mescaline.

Question 31

MDMA (Ecstasy)is a close chemical relative of methamphetamine.

Question 32

The PCP experience differs from LSD and mescaline experiences in that PCP users

A)report more changes in body perception.
B)are more talkative.
C)report a lot of pain and discomfort.
D)see things in black and white instead of in color.

Question 33

Atropa belladonna is also known by the name

A)sweet potato.
B)deadly nightshade.
C)lavender.
D)inky cap.

Question 34

Which of the following most accurately describes recent psilocybin research?

A)the acute effects on mystical experiences
B)the acute effects on synesthesia
C)the chronic effects on panic reactions
D)the chronic effects on liver function

Question 35

Peace pill and angel dust have been street names for

A)DMT.
B)psilocybin.
C)pethamphetamine.
D)PCP.

Question 36

Deadly nightshade is the common name for bufotenin.

Question 37

The anticholinergic plant with a forked root that is mentioned in the Bible is

A)aeyote.
B)ayahuasca.
C)mandrake.
D)bufotenin.

Question 38

The U.S.Army experimented with the use of LSD in the mid-twentieth century.

Question 39

PCP was patented as Sernyl and first tested as

A)a treatment for alcohol dependence.
B)a calming agent for nervous pets.
C)a dissociative anesthetic.
D)an antidepressant.

Question 40

Many terms have been used for hallucinogens.The term entheogen has been used for those drugs thought to create spiritual or religious experiences.

Question 41

Distinguish between the phantastica and the deliriants,and give some examples of each.

Question 42

Explain why PCP was thought to be a useful anesthetic and why this use failed to be practical for humans.

Question 43

Give some examples of the use of hallucinogenic plants or drugs in connection with religious practices.

Question 44

Describe the early use of LSD in psychotherapy,and discuss why this type of research was stopped in the 1970s.

Question 45

Unlike other hallucinogens,Salvinorin A acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.