Deck 1: Drug Use: an Overview

Question 1

In the past 100 years,the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure some types of infections laid the foundation for

A)illicit drug markets.
B)our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system.
C)many dangerous drug interactions.
D)the "war on drugs."

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Drugs have played a significant role in human society

A)for about the past 100 years.
B)only since the 1960s.
C)for thousands of years.
D)only in Europe and North America.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Despite the limitations of survey questionnaires,they can be especially informative

A)if they are done year after year,because we can then look for changes over time.
B)about use among those who are not included in the survey.
C)about alcohol use,because it is not illegal.
D)about misuse of prescription drugs.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Factors that are correlated with lower rates of drug use are known as

A)antecedents.
B)gender and age.
C)deviates.
D)protective factors.

Question 5

One of the general principles of psychoactive drug use is that

A)all psychoactive drugs should be banned.
B)most people are unable to control their own drug use.
C)every drug has an opposite drug that can counteract it.
D)drugs,per se,are not good or bad.

Question 6

One of the general principles of psychoactive drug use is that "the effect of any psychoactive drug depends on ___________________."

A)the individual's history and expectations
B)its legal status
C)the user's diet
D)the user's unique brain chemistry

Question 7

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that,in about 1980,

A)cocaine use was just beginning to increase.
B)alcohol use was low and marijuana use was high.
C)rates of using cocaine,alcohol,and marijuana were all about the same as in 2000.
D)rates of using alcohol,marijuana,and other illicit drugs reached their highest points,and all are now lower than in 1980.

Question 8

One very consistent finding is that students who report ______________________ are less likely to smoke cigarettes,drink alcohol,or use any type of illicit drug.

A)having high self-esteem
B)being well-off financially
C)having more involvement with religion
D)having lots of friends

Question 9

Drug use that is not common within a social group and that is disapproved of by the majority,causing members of a group to take corrective action when it occurs,is

A)deviant drug use.
B)drug misuse.
C)drug abuse.
D)illicit drug abuse.

Question 10

One of the most important protective factors for drug use is

A)having to work for your spending money.
B)having been punished for fighting.
C)knowing adults who use drugs.
D)believing that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school.

Question 11

Much of our information about rates of drug use come from survey questionnaires.One important limitation of such questionnaires is

A)the sample sizes are too small.
B)people might not answer honestly.
C)the people who do the studies are biased.
D)they don't ask questions about illicit drugs.

Question 12

When we examine changes over the years in the percentage of high school seniors who say they have smoked marijuana,we find a clear inverse (mirror-image)relationship to

A)alcohol use.
B)perceived availability of marijuana.
C)perceived risk of harm in using marijuana.
D)the nation's economy.

Question 13

Methamphetamine,crack cocaine,ecstasy,and glue sniffing were given as examples of media reports on

A)the "drug du jour."
B)laissez-faire.
C)drugs that are always bad drugs.
D)drug use by celebrities.

Question 14

The use of a substance in a manner,amounts,or situations such that the drug causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring is

A)addiction.
B)dependence.
C)abuse.
D)deviance.

Question 15

Factors that are correlated with higher rates of drug use are known as

A)causal factors.
B)drug profiles.
C)risk factors.
D)weaknesses.

Question 16

A drug that is unlawful to possess or use is defined in the text as

A)an illicit drug.
B)a narcotic.
C)an addictive drug.
D)an abused drug.

Question 17

Among college students,fewer than one-fourth have ever tried

A)alcohol.
B)cigarettes.
C)marijuana.
D)hallucinogens.

Question 18

Based on two large surveys,it appears that the percentage of young people reporting current marijuana use

A)is at its highest point since the studies began over 30 years ago.
B)is about half the percentage reporting current use in the late 1970s.
C)has increased substantially during the past decade.
D)is about 65 percent.

Question 19

One of the general principles of psychoactive drugs is that "every drug has ____________."

A)effects on the heart
B)impurities
C)multiple effects
D)a key to some part of the mind

Question 20

One of the most important risk factors for drug use is

A)having friends who use marijuana or other substances.
B)being heavily involved in extracurricular activities.
C)having lots of money.
D)believing that your parents are a source of social support.

Question 21

One personality variable that has been consistently associated with higher rates of substance dependence is

A)low self-esteem.
B)extraversion.
C)high impulsivity.
D)passivity.

Question 22

The Monitoring the Future survey collects drug use information from students ages 10 and older.

Question 23

Being willing to fight seems to be an important protective factor against substance use.

Question 24

Suppose a person is prescribed an opioid medication (similar to heroin)to treat a painful injury.But after her injury heals,she takes the drug primarily to feel euphoria.Based on this information alone,what term would you use to describe her drug use?

A)drug dependence
B)deviant drug use
C)drug abuse
D)drug misuse

Question 25

An example of a longitudinal study of drug use would be

A)surveying high-school seniors every year.
B)following each individual throughout the entire day.
C)sampling drug use from different parts of the country.
D)following the same group of people at intervals over several months or years.

Question 26

There are some drugs that we should just define as being bad drugs.

Question 27

Which type of factor probably plays a bigger role in determining whether a person will try a drug in the first place,as opposed to determining which of those who try it will become dependent?

A)genetics
B)personality
C)individual reaction to the drug
D)social

Question 28

It is obviously important for us to monitor which illicit drugs are widely used and whether their use is increasing or decreasing.Describe the most important sources of information we have about drug use in the United States and the major limitations of that kind of information.

Question 29

Explain the differences among the definitions of drug misuse,drug abuse,and deviant drug use.

Question 30

According to data from Monitoring the Future,an effective public policy would be to increase the perception of the risk of marijuana use because increased perception of risk causes a decrease in marijuana use.

Question 31

In terms of substance use,what is meant by risk factors and protective factors? Provide at least two important examples of each.

Question 32

Compared to young adults who finished high school only,those with college degrees

A)are more likely to use cocaine.
B)are much more likely to drink alcohol and much less likely to use tobacco.
C)are more likely to smoke marijuana.
D)report similar rates of use of most substances.

Question 33

Cocaine and methamphetamine are still used for medical purposes in the United States.

Question 34

In one study,adolescents who smoked cigarettes were about twice as likely as nonsmokers to later use marijuana.For this reason,cigarettes have been referred to as

A)addicting.
B)a gateway substance.
C)toxic.
D)a correlate.

Question 35

Some drugs have the effect that,every time you take the drug,you increase slightly the probability that you will take it again.This process is referred to as

A)reinforcement.
B)altered perception.
C)deviant drug use.
D)drug misuse.

Question 36

It appears that the highest rates of use of alcohol,marijuana,and other illicit drugs in the United States occurred from about 1979-1980.

Question 37

According to the text,the word "addiction" is a controversial term that has different meanings for different people.

Question 38

Deviant drug use is defined as use of a drug in greater amounts or for other purposes than intended by a prescribing physician.

Question 39

The best information we have about which illicit drugs are most widely used comes from police arrest reports.

Question 40

According to results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health,which of these ethnic groups reports the highest rate of use of alcohol,tobacco,and marijuana?

A)White
B)African American
C)Hispanic
D)Asian

Question 41

Discuss how personality variables relate to substance use.

Question 42

What is meant by gateway substances? What is one example of a gateway substance? What is wrong with assuming that use of a gateway substance causes increased use of other substances?