Deck 29: Vertebrate Evolution

Question 1

Sharks

A)lack bony skeletons.
B)have placoid scales.
C)have a keen sense of smell.
D)have teeth derived from epidermal scales.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Amphibians evolved from

A)darters.
B)sharks.
C)bass and bluegill.
D)sturgeon and catfish.
E)lobe-finned fishes with lungs.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In some chordates,the _______ is (are)replaced by ________.

A)pharyngeal pouches; gills
B)dorsal hollow nerve cord; a ventral solid nerve cord
C)gill arches; pharyngeal pouches
D)notochord; a dorsal hollow nerve cord
E)a vertebral column; notochord

Answer 3

A

Question 4

During the course of fish evolution two of the gill slits slowly evolved into ____________.

A)gills
B)the pectoral fins
C)the swim bladder
D)the jaw
E)none of the above

Question 5

Which of the following reptilian features enabled them to adapt to a terrestrial environment?

A)A dry skin,ectothermy and external fertilization
B)Two pairs of paired limbs,a septum that divides the ventricle,and well developed kidneys
C)Skin that allows for respiration,a septum that divides the ventricle and an amniotic egg
D)Efficient respiration,ectothermy and external fertilization
E)Live birth,efficient excretion and two pairs of limbs

Question 6

The following are differences between amphibians and reptiles EXCEPT

A)amphibians have smooth non-scaly skin,whereas reptiles are covered with scales and their skin is dry.
B)all reptiles respire by the use of lungs,while amphibians use small lungs supplemented by cutaneous respiration.
C)amphibian eggs are laid in water,but reptiles do not require water for reproduction.
D)reptiles are ectothermic,while amphibians are endothermic.

Question 7

A notochord is

A)a strip of cartilage that forms a back and tail in all vertebrates.
B)a stiff dorsal supporting rod.
C)replaced by the vertebral column during development.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)A stiff dorsal supporting rod that is replaced by the vertebral column during development.

Question 8

The amphibians' unique contribution to the evolution of land vertebrates was

A)respiration by gills.
B)respiration through the skin.
C)separation of lung/gill and systemic (body)circulation.
D)development of the tail for propulsion.
E)the leathery waterproof egg shell.

Question 9

Vertebrates without jaws would be the

A)rays.
B)turtles.
C)lampreys.
D)eels.

Question 10

What is the main reason that mammals underwent adaptive radiation after the demise of the dinosaurs?

A)They had to adapt in order to physically survive the ice age.
B)The mammals had little competition so it was easier for them to evolve into the niches that were once occupied by the dinosaurs.
C)They had an "inner need" to become better suited to their environment.
D)None of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following features are shared by all of the jawed fish?

A)Endothermic,gills and scales.
B)Ectothermic,smooth nonscaly skin and bony skeleton.
C)Cartilaginous endoskeleton,gills and scales.
D)Bony endoskeleton,gills and scales.

Question 12

Which of these is NOT one of the characteristics of a vertebrate?

A)radial symmetry
B)segmentation
C)extreme cephalization
D)closed circulation
E)coelom

Question 13

The four defining characteristics of chordates are

A)segmentation,a dorsal hollow nerve cord,pharyngeal pouches,and an amniotic egg.
B)a dorsal hollow nerve cord,a notochord,bilateral symmetry,and mammary glands.
C)bilateral symmetry,segmentation,a well-developed coelom,and limbs.
D)a well-developed coelom,pharyngeal pouches,a notochord,and jaws.
E)pharyngeal pouches,a dorsal nerve cord,a notochord,and a postanal tail.

Question 14

Which feature would have given the jawed fish an evolutionary advantage over the jawless fish when it came time to hunt for food?

A)The evolution of jaws from the gill slits that would enable them to bite more efficiently.
B)The evolution of an ectothermic lifestyle so they could regulate their body temperature based upon the environment.
C)Gills that would increase the efficiency of their breathing.
D)A cartilaginous endoskeleton that would provide for more power while swimming.
E)A skin that is nonscaly that also allows for an increased respiration ability.

Question 15

______ were the first vertebrates to live on land and they evolved from _____.

A)Amphibians; fish
B)Reptiles; amphibians
C)Mammals; reptiles
D)Amphibians; lancelets

Question 16

All of the following are characteristics of vertebrates EXCEPT

A)internal organs.
B)vertebral columns.
C)postanal tails.
D)exoskeletons.
E)skulls.

Question 17

The jawed fish and all other vertebrates are gnathostomes,which means they have

A)segmentation.
B)jaws.
C)a notochord that develops into a vertebral column.
D)amniotic eggs.
E)exoskeletons

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the jawless fishes?

A)Ectotherms that have a bony skeleton.
B)Ectotherms that have a smooth nonscaly skin.
C)Endotherms that have a smooth nonscaly skin.
D)Vertebrates that have scales and are ectothermic.

Question 19

Which of these characteristics is NOT found in the amphibians?

A)thin moist skin
B)two-chambered heart
C)small inefficient lungs
D)aquatic larvae
E)eggs with gelatinous covering

Question 20

Which feature is found in the bony fish but not in the cartilaginous fish?

A)scales
B)lateral line system for detecting prey
C)endothermy
D)ectothermy
E)swim bladder

Question 21

It was during the ______ period within the ______era that chordates made their first appearance.

A)Cambrian,Paleozoic
B)Ordovician,Paleozoic
C)Mesozoic,Cretaceous
D)Paleozoic,Cambrian

Question 22

Characteristics of birds include all of the following EXCEPT

A)aquatic reproduction.
B)endotherms.
C)modified reptilian scales as feathers.
D)hard-shelled eggs.
E)a modified skeleton with a fused collarbone and a keel.

Question 23

The duckbill platypus is different than most mammals because it

A)lacks hair.
B)is "cold-blooded."
C)doesn't secrete milk.
D)doesn't give birth,but lays eggs.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

Several lineages of reptiles evolved from a common ancestral stem reptile,each adapting to different ways of life.

Question 25

The amphibians' common receptacle for the urinary,genital,and digestive canals is the

A)vulva.
B)glottis.
C)cloaca.
D)tympanum.
E)operculum.

Question 26

Generally the respiratory system in birds

A)is identical to the human breathing system.
B)is merely accelerated by the flight muscles.
C)resembles the positive pressure system of a frog.
D)is a one-way circulation of air so constant oxygen absorption can meet the high oxygen demand.

Question 27

Most salamanders practice internal fertilization

A)using spermatophores.
B)externally in water.
C)internally by copulation.
D)just like frogs.

Question 28

Based on molecular data and skull features,what reptile(s)has an independent lineage from all other reptiles?

A)lizards
B)snakes
C)turtles
D)crocodiles
E)lizards and crocodiles have independent lineages

Question 29

Mammals are different from birds in all these characteristics EXCEPT

A)hair.
B)mammary glands.
C)constant body temperature.
D)young born alive.

Question 30

The position of mammals in evolution is best described as

A)they dominate life in the sea.
B)they were among the first animals to live on land and their diversity is greater than all living things known.
C)they arose from mammal-like reptiles in the Jurassic but remained small and insignificant while dinosaurs dominated the land.
D)mammals gave rise to birds.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 31

Which of the following groups had made their appearance during the Ordovician period?

A)Jawless and jawed fish.
B)Jawed fish and amphibians.
C)Amphibians and reptiles.
D)Reptiles and mammals.
E)All of these groups had appeared by the Ordovician period.

Question 32

The mammal-like reptiles that gave rise to mammals were the

A)coelacanths.
B)therapsids.
C)lampreys.
D)archaeopteryx.

Question 33

Amphibians were the dominant animal life during the ________ period.

A)Jurassic
B)Carboniferous
C)Devonian
D)Silurian
E)Cambrian

Question 34

Reptiles evolved from ______ ancestors and were abundant by the ________ Period.

A)mammals; Carboniferous
B)fish; Devonian
C)echinoderms; Cambrian
D)amphibians; Permian

Question 35

The organ of nutrition used in fetal development in the most successful mammals is the

A)mammary gland.
B)egg.
C)pouch.
D)placenta.
E)marsupium.

Question 36

Lungless salamanders lack lungs and breathe through their skins after they lose their gills.You would expect lungless salamanders to

A)prefer drier habitats.
B)prefer stagnant water.
C)be larger than most salamanders.
D)be restricted to smaller and/or thinner body plans.

Question 37

Monotremes

A)are egg laying mammals.
B)include the anteater and duck-billed platypus.
C)nurse their young.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 38

All of the following statements concerning birds are true EXCEPT

A)birds have small,relatively under-developed brains.
B)some birds do not have the ability to fly.
C)birds have acute vision.
D)birds use the sun,stars,and the Earth's magnetic field to guide them.

Question 39

Which of these characteristics first developed in reptiles?

A)amniotic egg
B)scales on skin
C)four-legged body
D)skull and vertebral column
E)animals living completely on land

Question 40

Which term can be applied to all of the vertebrates except for the jawless fish?

A)Gnathostomes
B)Endothermic
C)Tetrapods
D)Amniotes

Question 41

Among the chordates,which features are unique to the tunicates?

A)leathery outer covering and an excurrent siphon
B)gill slits and bilateral symmetry
C)sexual reproduction and complete digestive system
D)sessile adult stage and aquatic lifestyle
E)leathery outer covering and sessile adult stage

Question 42

Which of the following groups are considered chordates but are lacking the vertebral column trait?

A)osteichthyes & urochordata
B)urochordata & cephalochordates
C)cephalochordates & chondrichthyes
D)sea squirts & chondrichthyes

Question 43

The mammalian lineages include

A)placental mammals.
B)marsupials.
C)monotremes.
D)All of the above are correct.
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 44

Predacious meat eaters with large and conical-shaped canines are

A)cetaceans.
B)chiroptera.
C)carnivores.
D)proboscidea.

Question 45

Which of the following groups of chordates would be most impacted by a decrease in the phytoplankton levels in the ocean?

A)cephalochordates & urochordates
B)cartilaginous fish & cephalochordates
C)amphibians & urochodrates
D)molluscs & cephalochordates

Question 46

The most successful mammals belong to the marsupials group.

Question 47

Which of the following features are found in the lobe-finned fish but are not present in the cartilaginous fish?

A)bony skeletons and lungs
B)paired fins and a bony skeleton
C)jaws and lungs
D)vertebrae and amniotic eggs

Question 48

Which of the following features were required for the the evolution of the amphibians?

A)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,bony skeleton,lungs and 4 limbs
B)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,bony skeleton,lungs and amniotic eggs
C)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,cartilaginous skeleton,lungs and 4 limbs
D)notochord,mammary glands,jaws,bony skeleton,lungs and 4 limbs

Question 49

All chordates are also vertebrates.

Question 50

Which is the correct sequence for the evolution of reptilian features?

A)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,bony skeleton,lungs,4 limbs and an amniotic egg
B)notochord,jaws,vertebrae,bony skeleton,lungs,4 limbs and an amniotic egg
C)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,cartilaginous skeleton,lungs,4 limbs and an amniotic egg
D)vertebrae,jaws,notochord,bony skeleton,lungs,4 limbs and an amniotic egg
E)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,4 limbs,bony skeleton,lungs,and an amniotic egg

Question 51

The cephalochordates possess an atrium that is used to filter microscopic food particles out of the water.