Deck 8: The Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of spinal nerves? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Each spinal nerve has a dorsal (or motor)root and a ventral (or sensory)root.
B)Most spinal nerves are mixed nerves.
C)The phrenic nerves are motor to the diaphragm.
D)The sciatic nerve supplies the thumb side of the hand.
E)A dorsal root ganglion consists of the cell bodies of motor neurons.
F)The pairs of spinal nerves are 8 cervical,12 thoracic,5 lumbar,5 sacral,and 1 coccygeal.

Answer 1

B,C,F

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of a reflex arc? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Interneurons may be present in the CNS.
B)A sensory neuron carries impulses to the CNS.
C)The stimulus for the reflex is detected by a receptor.
D)Synapses in the reflex arc are in the dorsal root ganglia.
E)The effector of the reflex is often muscle tissuE.
F)The effector is activated by impulses from a motor neuron.

Answer 2

A,B,C,E,F

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of a nerve impulse? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Depolarization is the reversal of charges on either side of the neuron membrane.
B)The entry of Na⁺ ions brings about depolarization of a neuron.
C)During repolarization,the negative charge is restored to the outside of the neuron membrane.
D)The entry of K⁺ ions brings about repolarization.
E)An action potential is polarization followed by depolarization.
F)The maximum speed of a nerve impulse is about 2 feet per second.

Answer 3

A,B

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of neurons? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Sensory neurons carry impulses from the CNS to receptors.
B)A group of neuron axons in the PNS is called a nerve.
C)Interneurons are found only in the spinal cord.
D)Motor neurons may also be called afferent neurons.
E)A single neuron can be both sensory and motor.
F)The part of a neuron that carries the electrical impulse is the cell membrane.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Its other name is thoracolumbar.
B)It dominates in stressful situations.
C)Its only transmitter is acetylcholine.
D)Most of its ganglia are in two chains near the backbone.
E)It increases heart rate and dilates the bronchioles.
F)It stimulates the liver to change glucose to glycogen.
G)It causes vasoconstriction in skin and viscera.
H)It increases digestion so that food is available for energy.

Question 6

Which statement is NOT true of the central nervous system (CNS)?

A)The CNS consists of the spinal cord and brain.
B)The CNS is in the dorsal cavity.
C)The CNS is covered by the meninges.
D)The cells of the CNS are neurons and Schwann cells.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of the cranial nerves? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The accessory nerves are motor to the shoulders.
B)The acoustic nerves are sensory only for hearing.
C)The optic nerves are sensory for vision and motor for blinking.
D)Secretion of saliva is a function of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
E)The olfactory nerves are sensory for smell.
F)The trochlear nerves are motor for movement of the eyeball.
G)The vagus nerves help increase heart rate and the process of digestion.
H)The oculomotor nerves help regulate the size of the pupil.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of the functions of the brain?
(Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)
A.Regulation of appetite is a function of the thalamus.
B.Heart rate is regulated by the pons.
C.The midbrain and medulla share the regulation of respiration.
D.Visual reflexes are controlled by the hypothalamus.
E.Body temperature is regulated by centers in the medulla.
f.Keeping the body upright is controlled by the cerebellum and medulla.
g.Blood pressure is regulated by the hypothalamus.
h.Voluntary movement is coordinated by the cerebellum.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of the parts of the cerebrum? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Conscious muscle sense is felt in the temporal lobes.
B)The centers for vision are in the frontal lobes,right behind the eyes.
C)The parietal lobes contain the motor areas for voluntary movement.
D)The centers for hearing are in the occipital lobes,right behind the ears.
E)Accessory movements are regulated by the basal ganglia.
F)The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum.
G)The cerebral cortex is the white matter of the hemispheres.
H)The centers for the sense of smell are in the frontal lobes,right above the nose.

Question 10

Which statement is NOT true of the nervous system?

A)All of the CNS is protected by bone.
B)Nerve tissue consists of neurons and some specialized cells.
C)Peripheral nerves emerge only from the spinal cord.
D)Its functions include sensation,movement,and learning.

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)CSF is made from blood plasma by the process of diffusion.
B)The five ventricles of the brain all contain CSf.
C)CSF is reabsorbed into the blood from the ventricles.
D)The central canal of the spinal cord contains CSf.
E)The structures that form CSF are the choroid plexuses in the subarachnoid spacE.
F)CSF is a circulating fluid,the tissue fluid of the CNS.

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Its other name is cervical sacral.
B)It dominates in non-stressful situations.
C)Its neurotransmitters are acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
D)Its ganglia are near or in the visceral effectors.
E)It promotes normal urination and defecation.
F)It constricts the pupils of the eyes.
G)It causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles.
H)It slows digestion to conserve energy.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of the nervous system? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
B)Movement and sensation are functions of this system.
C)The nervous system regulates body functions by means of electrochemical impulses.
D)Only the brain is protected by bone.
E)The autonomic nervous system is a special subdivision of the CNS.
F)The PNS consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves.

Question 14

Which of the following statements are true of stretch and flexor reflexes? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Stretch reflexes enable us to reach outward or upward very quickly.
B)Flexor reflexes enable us to pull away from harm.
C)Stretch reflexes are two-neuron reflexes in which a sensory neuron synapses directly with a motor neuron.
D)These are spinal cord reflexes that the brain cannot inhibit.
E)The patellar reflex is a flexor reflex that may be used clinically.
F)In a stretch reflex,a muscle that is stretched will contract.

Question 15

The part of a neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body is the:

A)dendrite
B)axon
C)Schwann cell
D)myelin sheath

Question 16

A neuron consists of:

A)a cell body
B)dendrites
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and one axon

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true of nerve tissue? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The myelin sheath provides electrical insulation.
B)Astrocytes contribute to the blood-brain barrier.
C)Synaptic transmission requires rapid electrical impulses.
D)Myelin is produced by Schwann cells in the PNS and microglia in the CNS.
E)An axon carries impulses toward the cell body of a neuron.
F)The function of an inactivator is to inactivate an electrical impulse when it is no longer needed.

Question 18

Which statement is NOT true of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A)The PNS consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
B)The autonomic nervous system is part of the PNS.
C)The cells of the PNS are neurons and astrocytes.
D)Sensory and motor neurons are part of the PNS.

Question 19

Which of the following statements are true of the meninges? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The pia mater directly lines the brain.
B)The dura mater is made of elastic connective tissue.
C)The arachnoid membrane is made of dense fibrous connective tissue.
D)The subarachnoid space is between the arachnoid membrane and the dura mater.
E)The meninges contain cerebrospinal fluid and provide a cushion for the brain.
F)The meninges line both the brain and spinal cord.
G)The meningeal sac that hangs below the spinal cord is the site of a lumbar puncturE.
H)

Question 20

Which part of the nervous system is NOT paired with its correct division?

A)brain - CNS
B)nerves in arm - PNS
C)spinal cord - CNS
D)cranial nerves - CNS

Question 21

The part of peripheral nerve tissue that forms the myelin sheath is the:

A)axon
B)Schwann cell nucleus
C)oligodendrocyte
D)Schwann cell membrane

Question 22

Sensory neurons carry impulses from:

A)CNS to effectors
B)effectors to CNS
C)CNS to receptors
D)receptors to CNS

Question 23

The neurons that carry impulses entirely within the CNS are called:

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)interneurons
D)unmyelinated neurons

Question 24

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus is the:

A)dendrite
B)cell body
C)axon
D)myelin sheath

Question 25

A group of neurons with shared functions in the CNS is called a:

A)sensory group
B)nerve
C)motor group
D)nerve tract

Question 26

Motor neurons carry impulses from:

A)CNS to effectors
B)effectors to CNS
C)CNS to receptors
D)receptors to CNS

Question 27

The neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to effectors are called:

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)interneurons
D)unmyelinated neurons

Question 28

Which type of neuroglia helps form the blood-brain barrier?

A)astrocytes
B)oligodendrocytes
C)Schwann cells
D)microglia

Question 29

Which type of neuroglia forms the myelin sheath?

A)astrocytes
B)oligodendrocytes
C)Schwann cells
D)microglia

Question 30

A group of axons and dendrites in the PNS is called a:

A)sensory group
B)nerve
C)motor group
D)nerve tract

Question 31

The part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body is the:

A)dendrite
B)Schwann cell
C)axon
D)myelin sheath

Question 32

The neurons that carry impulses from receptors to the CNS are called:

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)interneurons
D)unmyelinated neurons

Question 33

The part of peripheral nerve tissue that forms the neurolemma is the:

A)Schwann cell nucleus and cytoplasm
B)oligodendrocyte
C)Schwann cell membrane
D)astrocyte

Question 34

Which statement is NOT true of neurons?

A)Sensory neurons carry impulses to effectors.
B)Interneurons are found only in the CNS.
C)Motor neurons carry impulses away from the CNS.
D)Nerve tracts are within the CNS.

Question 35

Which statement is NOT true of nerve tissue?

A)The dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body of a neuron.
B)Schwann cells are found only in the PNS.
C)If the cell body of a neuron dies,the rest of the neuron dies.
D)A neuron has only one axon,and it is always microscopic in length.

Question 36

The part of peripheral nerve tissue that helps promote regeneration of neurons is the:

A)neuroglia
B)myelin sheath
C)neurolemma
D)astrocyte

Question 37

The part of peripheral nerve tissue that electrically insulates the neuron is the:

A)neuroglia
B)myelin sheath
C)neurolemma
D)cell body

Question 38

A nerve impulse along the neuron's cell membrane is best described as:

A)electrical
B)chemical
C)mechanical
D)physical

Question 39

Which type of neuroglia phagocytizes pathogens?

A)astrocytes
B)oligodendrocytes
C)Schwann cells
D)microglia

Question 40

Which statement is NOT true of the neuroglia?

A)The oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath.
B)Neuroglia is found only in the CNS.
C)The astrocytes contribute to the blood-brain barrier.
D)The microglia form small neurons.

Question 41

The electrical change that occurs on a neuron membrane that receives a stimulus is called:

A)the resting potential
B)polarization
C)repolarization
D)depolarization

Question 42

The axons of interneurons are located in the:

A)ventral root ganglia
B)dorsal root ganglia
C)white matter of the spinal cord or brain
D)gray matter of the spinal cord or brain

Question 43

At synapses,nerve impulse transmission is accomplished by means of:

A)saltatory conduction
B)inactivators
C)neurotransmitters
D)the myelin sheath

Question 44

Synaptic transmission of a nerve impulse involves:

A)a presynaptic neuron with a neurotransmitter
B)a postsynaptic neuron with an inactivator
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and the synapse,the space to be crossed

Question 45

Depolarization of a neuron is a:

A)a stabilization of charges on either side of the cell membrane
B)a neutralization of charges within the cytoplasm
C)a decrease of charges within the cytoplasm
D)a reversal of charges on either side of the cell membrane

Question 46

A nerve impulse at a synapse between two neurons is best described as:

A)electrical
B)chemical
C)mechanical
D)physical

Question 47

A neuron in a state of polarization has a:

A)a positive charge outside and a negative charge inside
B)a negative charge outside and a positive charge inside
C)a positive charge outside and inside
D)a negative charge outside and inside

Question 48

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains:

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)either sensory or motor neurons
D)interneurons

Question 49

Which statement is NOT true of synapses?

A)The presynaptic membrane is part of an axon.
B)Some synapses are inhibitory,and magnify the impulse.
C)The postsynaptic membrane has receptor sites for the neurotransmitter.
D)Each neurotransmitter has its own inactivator.

Question 50

Which statement is NOT true of a nerve impulse?

A)Depolarization involves the entry of potassium ions.
B)Transmission at synapses requires neurotransmitters.
C)An action potential is electrical.
D)The electrical impulse is carried by the neuron's cell membrane.

Question 51

A spinal nerve has:

A)two roots to the spinal cord
B)both sensory and motor neurons
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and some have interneurons

Question 52

Depolarization of a neuron involves:

A)entry of potassium ions and a positive charge outside
B)entry of sodium ions and a positive charge outside
C)entry of potassium ions and a negative charge outside
D)entry of sodium ions and a negative charge outside

Question 53

Which statement is NOT true of synapses?

A)Synaptic transmission is only one way.
B)The presynaptic neuron releases the neurotransmitter.
C)The postsynaptic neuron contains an inactivator.
D)The inactivator may send the impulse back across the synapse if necessary.

Question 54

The dorsal root ganglion of a spinal nerve contains the cell bodies of ____ neurons,and the gray matter of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of ____ neurons.

A)association/motor
B)motor/sensory
C)motor/association
D)sensory/motor

Question 55

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the:

A)ventral root ganglia
B)gray matter of the spinal cord
C)white matter of the spinal cord
D)dorsal root ganglia

Question 56

An electrical nerve impulse is carried by:

A)the cytoplasm of the neuron
B)the membrane of the neuron
C)the myelin sheath around the neuron
D)the neurolemma around the neuron

Question 57

Which of the following pairs is incorrect?

A)ventral root of spinal nerve - motor neurons
B)dorsal root of spinal nerve - sensory neurons
C)white matter of spinal cord - axons and dendrites of interneurons
D)gray matter of spinal cord - cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 58

The cell bodies of motor neurons are located in the:

A)ventral root ganglia
B)dorsal root ganglia
C)white matter of the spinal cord
D)gray matter of the spinal cord

Question 59

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains:

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)either sensory or motor neurons
D)interneurons

Question 60

An action potential is ____ and includes ____.

A)chemical/polarization and depolarization
B)electrical/polarization and depolarization
C)chemical/depolarization and repolarization
D)electrical/depolarization and repolarization

Question 61

The part of a reflex arc that detects the stimulus is the:

A)receptor
B)CNS
C)effector
D)motor neuron

Question 62

The nerves that supply the diaphragm are called:

A)phrenic nerves
B)intercostal nerves
C)radial nerves
D)sciatic nerves

Question 63

A reflex is:

A)a voluntary action that happens quickly
B)an involuntary response to a stimulus
C)a voluntary action that we do not have to think about
D)a twitch in a muscle

Question 64

The nerves that supply the chest wall are called:

A)phrenic nerves
B)intercostal nerves
C)sciatic nerves
D)brachial nerves

Question 65

The number of pairs of spinal nerves-cervical,thoracic,lumbar,sacral,and coccygeal-in order,are:

A)7,12,5,5,1
B)7,7,5,5,2
C)8,12,4,4,1
D)8,12,5,5,1

Question 66

The effector of a reflex arc:

A)generates an electrical impulse to the CNS
B)performs the reflex act
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and has one or more synapses

Question 67

The receptor of a reflex arc:

A)detects the stimulus
B)generates an electrical impulse
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and receives the return impulse

Question 68

The part of a reflex arc that contains one or more synapses is the:

A)receptor
B)CNS
C)effector
D)motor neuron

Question 69

The tracts of the spinal cord that carry impulses to the brain are the:

A)ascending,or motor tracts
B)descending,or motor tracts
C)ascending,or sensory tracts
D)descending,or sensory tracts

Question 70

Which statement is NOT true of the location of the spinal cord?

A)It is found in the vertebral canal formed by the vertebrae.
B)The meninges are between the spinal cord and the vertebrae.
C)Superiorly,the spinal cord ends at the foramen magnum.
D)Inferiorly,the spinal cord ends at the sacrum.

Question 71

Which peripheral nerve is NOT paired with its correct distribution?

A)intercostal - chest wall
B)ulnar - lateral side of upper limb
C)sciatic - posterior side of lower limb
D)femoral - anterior side of lower limb

Question 72

The tracts of the spinal cord that carry impulses away from the brain are the:

A)ascending,or motor tracts
B)descending,or motor tracts
C)ascending,or sensory tracts
D)descending,or sensory tracts

Question 73

Which statement is NOT true of the spinal cord?

A)The ascending tracts are gray matter and are sensory.
B)In a cross-section,the gray matter is shaped like the letter h.
C)The cauda equina is the spinal nerves that descend below the end of the spinal cord.
D)The descending tracts are white matter and are motor.

Question 74

The part of a reflex arc that performs the reflex act is the:

A)receptor
B)CNS
C)effector
D)sensory neuron

Question 75

The part of the spinal cord that,in cross-section,is shaped like the letter H is the:

A)white matter
B)gray matter
C)junction of the dorsal and ventral roots
D)pattern of the ascending tracts

Question 76

The nerve that supplies the thumb side of the forearm is called the:

A)intercostal nerve
B)ulnar nerve
C)radial nerve
D)median nerve

Question 77

The nerve that supplies the anterior side of the lower limb is the:

A)phrenic
B)popliteal
C)femoral
D)sciatic

Question 78

The total number of pairs of spinal nerves is:

A)28
B)29
C)30
D)31

Question 79

Which group of spinal nerves is NOT matched with the correct number of pairs?

A)lumbar - 5
B)thoracic - 8
C)cervical - 8
D)sacral - 5

Question 80

The nerve that supplies the posterior side of the lower limb is the:

A)phrenic nerve
B)radial nerve
C)femoral nerve
D)sciatic nerve