Deck 12: The Heart

Question 1

The middle layer of the pericardial membranes is the:

A)parietal pericardium
B)fibrous pericardium
C)endocardium
D)visceral pericardium

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The heart is ____ to the lungs and ____ to the diaphragm.

A)medial/superior
B)lateral/superior
C)medial/inferior
D)lateral/inferior

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The fibrous pericardium:

A)forms a sac around the heart
B)is attached to the bases of the great vessels
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and is attached to the diaphragm superiorly

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The epicardium is another name for the:

A)fibrous pericardium
B)endocardium
C)parietal pericardium
D)visceral pericardium

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of the great vessels of the heart? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The pulmonary artery takes blood from the left ventricle to the lungs.
B)The superior vena cava returns blood from the upper body to the right atrium.
C)The inferior vena cava returns blood from the lower body to the left atrium.
D)The aorta takes blood from the right ventricle to the body.
E)The pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to both atria.
F)There are two caval veins and four pulmonary veins.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the nervous regulation of heart rate? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The cardiac centers are in the medulla of the brain.
B)Only the sympathetic nervous system has nerves to the heart muscle.
C)Heart rate changes in response to changes in blood pressure or blood gas levels.
D)Sympathetic nerve fibers to the heart are part of the vagus nerves.
E)The neurotransmitter norepinephrine decreases heart ratE.
F)The heart generates its own beat,but the neurotransmitter acetylcholine can increase the rate.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of circulation through the heart? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The right side of the heart pumps blood to the body.
B)The left side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs.
C)The heart is really two pumps that work in alternating beats.
D)If the right side pump were to stop working,the left side pump could partially compensate.
E)None are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of the reflex arc for heart rate and blood pressure? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)A drop in blood pressure is the stimulus to increase heart rate.
B)The receptors for this reflex are pressoreceptors located in the femoral artery.
C)The central nervous system (CNS)center for this reflex is in the spinal cord.
D)The effector of this reflex is the myocardium.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of the cardiac cycle? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The cardiac cycle is all of the events that take place in the heart in one minute.
B)Atrial systole is accompanied by ventricular diastole and is followed by ventricular systole.
C)Systole is the contraction phase,and diastole is the relaxation phase.
D)Most of the blood that moves from the atria to the ventricles is pumped.
E)About a third of the blood that moves from the ventricles to the arteries flows passively.
F)The AV valves are closed by the contraction of the ventricles.

Question 10

The outer layer of the pericardial membranes is the:

A)parietal pericardium
B)fibrous pericardium
C)endocardium
D)visceral pericardium

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true of the cardiac conduction pathway and electrical activity of the myocardium? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The electrical events along the pathway are triggered by the mechanical events of the chambers.
B)The AV node depolarizes most rapidly.
C)The heart's natural pacemaker is the sinoatrial (SA)node.
D)The right and left bundle branches are in the interatrial septum.
E)Purkinje fibers are in the walls of the ventricles.
F)The AV bundle (of His)has a slower natural rate of contraction than does the AV nodE.
G)Electrical impulses spread rapidly from cell to cell because of the presence of intercalated discs.
H)The sarcomeres of the myocardium contain the contracting proteins myoglobin and actin.

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of cardiac output? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Cardiac output equals stroke volume plus pulse.
B)Average resting cardiac output is approximately 5 liters per hour and varies with the size of the person.
C)A certain level of cardiac output is necessary to maintain proper oxygenation of tissues.
D)Cardiac output may be decreased by severe hemorrhage.

Question 13

The lungs are ____ to the heart,and the diaphragm is ____ to the heart.

A)medial/superior
B)lateral/superior
C)medial/inferior
D)lateral/inferior

Question 14

Which of the following statements are true of the valves of the heart? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The pulmonary and aortic valves are important to prevent backflow of blood when the ventricles contract.
B)The right and left atrioventricular (AV)valves are important to prevent backflow of blood when the ventricles relax.
C)The pulmonary and aortic valves prevent backflow of blood from arteries to ventricles.
D)The edges of the semilunar valves are anchored by the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles.
E)The right and left AV valves prevent backflow of blood from atria to ventricles.
F)The valve openings are kept from stretching by the fibrous skeleton of the heart.

Question 15

The pericardial membranes,in order beginning with the outermost,are the:

A)visceral,fibrous,and parietal
B)fibrous,parietal,and visceral
C)parietal,visceral,and fibrous
D)fibrous,visceral,and parietal

Question 16

Which of the following statements are true of coronary circulation? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The coronary arteries are branches of the ascending aorta.
B)The blood in the coronary arteries is high in oxygen.
C)Blockage of a coronary vessel may cause ischemia and necrosis of cardiac muscle.
D)The coronary veins merge into the coronary sinus,which empties blood into the left atrium.

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true of the location and layers of the heart? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The heart is medial to the lungs and inferior to the diaphragm.
B)The fibrous pericardium is the thickest and outermost pericardial membrane.
C)The parietal and visceral pericardia are mucous membranes.
D)The endocardium lines the heart and prevents friction as the heart beats.
E)The apex of the heart is at the upper right of the mediastinum.
F)The myocardium is the thickest layer of the wall of the heart and is responsible for contraction.
G)Cells of the myocardium are able to generate their own action potentials.
H)The units of contraction within cardiac muscle fibers are sarcomeres.

Question 18

Which statement is NOT true of the location of the heart?

A)The heart is within the mediastinum.
B)The heart is medial to the lungs.
C)The heart is inferior to the diaphragm.
D)The heart is encircled and protected by the rib cage.

Question 19

The inner layer of the pericardial membranes is the:

A)parietal pericardium
B)fibrous pericardium
C)endocardium
D)visceral pericardium

Question 20

The area in the ____ cavity in which the heart is located is called the ____.

A)thoracic/mediastinum
B)dorsal/pericardial space
C)thoracic/pericardial space
D)dorsal/mediastinum

Question 21

The function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)is to:

A)lower blood volume to lower blood pressure
B)lower blood volume to raise blood pressure
C)increase blood volume to raise blood pressure
D)increase blood volume to lower blood pressure

Question 22

Which statement is NOT true of the pericardial membranes?

A)The visceral pericardium is also called the epicardium.
B)Serous fluid prevents friction as the heart beats.
C)The parietal pericardium is lined with fibrous pericardium.
D)The fibrous pericardium is attached to the great vessels of the heart.

Question 23

The vessel that takes blood from the left ventricle to the body is the:

A)aorta
B)pulmonary vein
C)pulmonary artery
D)aortic vein

Question 24

The veins that return blood from the lungs to the left atrium are the:

A)aortic veins
B)caval veins
C)pulmonary veins
D)systemic veins

Question 25

The function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)is to:

A)decrease sodium and water excretion by the large intestine
B)increase sodium and water excretion by the kidneys
C)increase sodium and water excretion by the large intestine
D)decrease sodium and water excretion by the kidneys

Question 26

The myocardium is found:

A)lining the chambers of the heart
B)forming the walls of the chambers of the heart
C)lining the fibrous pericardium
D)external to the visceral pericardium

Question 27

The vein that returns blood from the lower body to the right atrium is the:

A)superior vena cava
B)inferior vena cava
C)aortic vein
D)pulmonary vein

Question 28

Within the chambers of the heart,clotting is prevented by the:

A)smooth endocardium
B)smooth epicardium
C)smooth myocardium
D)smooth pericardium

Question 29

The name for the lining of the chambers of the heart is:

A)mesocardium
B)myocardium
C)epicardium
D)endocardium

Question 30

The atria of the heart are the ____ chambers,and when blood pressure rises,they produce the hormone ____.

A)lower/ADH
B)upper/ANP
C)lower/ANP
D)upper/ADH

Question 31

Which statement is NOT true of the atria of the heart?

A)They are the upper chambers and have thin walls.
B)They produce the hormone ANP when blood pressure rises.
C)The right atrium receives blood from the lower body.
D)The left atrium receives blood from the upper body.

Question 32

The endocardium is found:

A)lining the chambers of the heart
B)lining the fibrous pericardium
C)throughout the heart muscle
D)lining the epicardium

Question 33

The pulmonary veins return blood from the ____ to the ____.

A)body/right atrium
B)lungs/right atrium
C)body/left atrium
D)lungs/left atrium

Question 34

The function of the endocardium is to:

A)pump blood
B)prevent friction
C)prevent abnormal clotting
D)prevent excessive contraction

Question 35

As the heart beats,friction between the pericardial membranes is prevented by:

A)serous fluid
B)plasma
C)mucus
D)endocardial fluid

Question 36

The vein that returns blood from the upper body to the right atrium is the:

A)superior vena cava
B)inferior vena cava
C)aortic vein
D)pulmonary vein

Question 37

The function of the myocardium is to:

A)pump blood
B)prevent friction
C)prevent abnormal clotting
D)prevent excessive contraction

Question 38

The function of the serous fluid between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium is to:

A)help pump blood
B)prevent friction
C)prevent abnormal blood clotting
D)prevent prolonged contraction

Question 39

The superior and inferior caval veins return blood from the ____ to the ____.

A)body/right atrium
B)lungs/right atrium
C)body/left atrium
D)lungs/left atrium

Question 40

The name for the muscular walls of the chambers of the heart is:

A)mesocardium
B)myocardium
C)epicardium
D)endocardium

Question 41

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood from the ____ to the ____.

A)pulmonary veins/right atrium
B)pulmonary artery/left ventricle
C)pulmonary veins/left atrium
D)pulmonary artery/right ventricle

Question 42

The flaps of the atrioventricular (AV)valves of the heart are anchored by the:

A)chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
B)endocardium and coronary muscles
C)chordae tendineae and coronary muscles
D)endocardium and papillary muscles

Question 43

The aorta takes blood from the:

A)left ventricle to the lungs
B)left ventricle to the body
C)right ventricle to the lungs
D)right ventricle to the body

Question 44

The right ventricle pumps blood into the ____ to the ____.

A)aorta/body
B)pulmonary artery/body
C)aorta/lungs
D)pulmonary artery/lungs

Question 45

The valve that prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium is the:

A)mitral valve
B)aortic semilunar valve
C)tricuspid valve
D)pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 46

The left ventricle pumps blood into the ____ to the ____.

A)aorta/body
B)pulmonary artery/body
C)aorta/lungs
D)pulmonary artery/lungs

Question 47

The blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the heart itself are called:

A)cardiac vessels
B)coronary vessels
C)myocardium vessels
D)collateral vessels

Question 48

The pulmonary artery takes blood from the:

A)left ventricle to the lungs
B)left ventricle to the body
C)right ventricle to the lungs
D)right ventricle to the body

Question 49

The valve that prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium is the:

A)mitral valve
B)aortic semilunar valve
C)tricuspid valve
D)pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 50

The ventricle with the thicker walls is the ____ ventricle because it pumps blood to the ____.

A)right/lungs
B)left/body
C)right/body
D)left/lungs

Question 51

The fibrous skeleton of the heart:

A)separates the atria and the ventricles
B)anchors the outer edges of the valves of the heart
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and it is made of bone.

Question 52

Which statement is NOT true of the ventricles of the heart?

A)The septum between them is made of myocardium.
B)They are the lower chambers.
C)The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
D)The left ventricle has thin walls because the blood it pumps is only going to the body.

Question 53

Which statement is NOT true of the valves of the heart?

A)The mitral valve prevents backflow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
B)The aortic semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood to the left ventricle when the ventricle relaxes.
C)The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
D)The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.

Question 54

The right and left AV valves prevent backflow of blood from the:

A)ventricles to the atria when the ventricles relax
B)arteries to the ventricles when the ventricles contract
C)ventricles to the atria when the ventricles contract
D)arteries to the ventricles when the ventricles relax

Question 55

The general function of the valves of the heart is to:

A)help pump blood
B)prevent friction
C)prevent backflow of blood
D)keep the blood moving

Question 56

The aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood from the:

A)ventricles to the atria when the ventricles relax
B)arteries to the ventricles when the ventricles contract
C)ventricles to the atria when the ventricles contract
D)arteries to the ventricles when the ventricles relax

Question 57

The aortic semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood from the ____ to the ____.

A)aorta/left atrium
B)aorta/left ventricle
C)aortic vein/right atrium
D)aortic vein/right ventricle

Question 58

The vessel that takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs is the:

A)aorta
B)pulmonary vein
C)pulmonary artery
D)aortic vein

Question 59

The coronary arteries are branches of the ____ and supply ____ to the myocardium.

A)pulmonary artery/nutrients
B)aorta/oxygen
C)superior vena cava/nutrients
D)inferior vena cava/oxygen

Question 60

The function of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles is to:

A)anchor the heart to the pericardial membranes
B)anchor the flaps of the AV valves
C)anchor the flaps of the semilunar valves
D)anchor the interior walls of the ventricles

Question 61

The coronary sinus is the union of the coronary ____ and returns blood to the ____.

A)veins/left atrium
B)arteries/right atrium
C)veins/right atrium
D)arteries/left atrium

Question 62

The part of the heart that initiates each beat is the:

A)atrioventricular (AV)node
B)sinoatrial (SA)node
C)AV bundle
D)bundle of His

Question 63

For the heart muscle,the most important substance in the blood is:

A)glucose
B)iron
C)protein
D)oxygen

Question 64

The cardiac cycle is the:

A)sequence in which blood flows through the heart valves
B)pathway of blood throughout the body and lungs
C)pathway of blood through the heart
D)sequence of events in one heartbeat

Question 65

During one cardiac cycle:

A)the atria contract together,followed by the ventricles contracting together
B)the ventricles contract together,followed by the atria contracting together
C)the right atrium contracts first,followed by the left atrium,and then the ventricles
D)the left atrium contracts first,followed by the right atrium,and then the ventricles

Question 66

The cardiac conduction pathway consists of:

A)specialized cardiac muscle cells within the heart
B)nerve cell pathways within the heart
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the skeleton of the heart

Question 67

With respect to the heart,systole means ____ and diastole means ____.

A)faster heart rate/slower heart rate
B)contraction/relaxation
C)relaxation/contraction
D)slower heart rate/faster heart rate

Question 68

The term for relaxation of the chambers of the heart is:

A)blood pressure
B)diastole
C)systole
D)hypotension

Question 69

The parts of the cardiac conduction pathway that bring about contraction of the ventricles are the:

A)AV node,Purkinje fibers,and bundle branches
B)bundle of His,SA node,and AV node
C)AV node,bundle branches,and SA node
D)bundle of His,bundle branches,and Purkinje fibers

Question 70

Which statement is true of the left side of the heart?

A)It receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
B)It receives blood from the body and pumps it to the body.
C)It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.
D)It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it to the lungs.

Question 71

In one cardiac cycle,when the ventricles are in systole,the atria are in:

A)diastole
B)systole
C)systole followed by diastole
D)diastole followed by systole

Question 72

Which statement is true of the right side of the heart?

A)It receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
B)It receives blood from the body and pumps it to the body.
C)It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.
D)It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it to the lungs.

Question 73

The normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult is:

A)50-70 bpm
B)60-80 bpm
C)90-100 bpm
D)80-110 bpm

Question 74

In the cardiac cycle,which statement is true of blood flow from the ventricles to the arteries?

A)All blood flows passively.
B)Most blood flows passively.
C)Most blood is actively pumped.
D)All blood is actively pumped.

Question 75

In the cardiac cycle,which statement is true?

A)All blood is actively pumped from the ventricles.
B)Most blood is actively pumped from the atria.
C)All blood is actively pumped into the ventricles.
D)Most blood is actively pumped into the atria.

Question 76

The sequence of events in one heartbeat is called the:

A)conduction cycle
B)SA pathway
C)cardiac pathway
D)cardiac cycle

Question 77

Which sequence correctly describes blood flow?

A)right heart to lungs to left heart to body to right heart
B)left heart to right heart to body to lungs to left heart
C)left heart to lungs to right heart to body to left heart
D)right heart to left heart to lungs to body to right heart

Question 78

The impulse for contraction of the heart passes from the atria to the ventricles at the:

A)AV node to bundle of His
B)SA node to AV node
C)bundle of His to AV node
D)SA node to bundle of His

Question 79

The term for contraction of chambers of the heart is:

A)blood pressure
B)systole
C)diastole
D)hypertension

Question 80

In the cardiac cycle,which statement is true of blood flow from the atria to the ventricles?

A)All blood flows passively.
B)Most blood flows passively.
C)Most blood is actively pumped.
D)All blood is actively pumped.