Deck 34: International Law

Question 1

A civilization with a recognized central state is generally less stable and more war-like than one without a recognized central state.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: A civilization with a recognized central state is generally more stable, less war-like, and more economically prosperous than one without a recognized central state.

Question 2

The World Bank works exclusively with the poorest nations in the international community.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: The World Bank has a mission that is quite similar to the mission of the IMF. The difference is that the IMF is dedicated to helping all nations-developed, developing, and undeveloped-with fiscal problems, whereas the World Bank works exclusively with the poorest nations in the international community.

Question 3

A civilization is a group of people in a series of different nation-states that share certain common characteristics, including their history, religion, traditions, beliefs, often language, and sometimes ancestry.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: A civilization is a group of people in a series of different nation-states that share certain common characteristics, including their history, religion, traditions, beliefs, often language, and sometimes ancestry.

Question 4

NAFTA is designed to establish a trading market free from tariff barriers.

Question 5

The UN's power to enforce its decrees is a matter of voluntary acquiescence.

Question 6

A nation-state starts a preventative war to stop another nation-state's imminent attack on the first nation-state.

Question 7

The just war theory states that war is a function of the relationships between the leaders of nation-states.

Question 8

Predictive political history is a technique for determining what the "new world order" will look like.

Question 9

To a liberal internationalist, the final best state of affairs that all nation-states seek (or should seek) is the formation of a democratic or a republican world government.

Question 10

The just war theory states that war is "just" war and has no relationship to morality.

Question 11

CISG could apply to a contract between Melinda, a U.S. consumer, and Big Co., a German company.

Question 12

The World Trade Organization recognizes the right of individual member nations to use quotas to regulate imports.

Question 13

The authority to codify international law is the official mission of the International Court of Justice.

Question 14

Robert Kagan envisions a globe divided into a group of democracies, led by the United States and the EU, and a group of autocracies led by Russia and China.

Question 15

Membership in the EU is enough to allow a nation to adopt the euro.

Question 16

Jose, a victim of human rights abuses, may bring a case before the International Court of Justice.

Question 17

United States Generals Groves and LeMay advocated preventative war against the Soviet Union.

Question 18

Realpolitik is a universal normative principle that follows a set pattern that can be used to understand natural processes or human behavior.

Question 19

The principle of restoration requires that the defeated nation pay the victor the expense incurred in the war.

Question 20

Under the just war theory, a just cause for war includes the defense of a nation that has been aggressively attacked and is unable to defend itself.

Question 21

The globalized new world order is the only theory that has abandoned the notion that:

A) multi-national corporations are the seat of power.
B) NGOs should act as a global police.
C) the nation-state is the primary actor on the global stage.
D) international law has a set of unambiguous goals.

Question 22

The comprehensive trade coalition involving the United States, Canada, and Mexico is known as the:

A) Uruguay Round Agreements.
B) North American Free Trade Agreement.
C) Geneva Conventions.
D) United Nations Conventions.

Question 23

The principle of ____________ requires the victor in a war to accept the surrender of the enemy and treat the defeated combatants with dignity and respect.

A) honorable surrender
B) repentance
C) restoration
D) unconditional victory

Question 24

The ____________ was designed to limit the power of the President as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces to commit American troops to the field.

A) Preventative War Resolution of 1973
B) Protective War Resolution of 1973
C) War Powers Resolution of 1973
D) authorization for the Use of Military Force of 2002 Act

Question 25

The World Trade Organization was created as a result of the:

A) Geneva Convention.
B) Uruguay Round Agreements.
C) Bretton-Woods Conference.
D) Asian-Pacific Round.

Question 26

The difference between the IMF and the World Bank is that the ____________ helps all nations, whereas the ____________ works only with the ____________ nations in the international community.

A) IMF; World Bank; richest
B) World Bank; IMF; poorest
C) World Bank; IMF; richest
D) IMF; World Bank; poorest

Question 27

The Geneva Conventions deal with:

A) prisoners of war only.
B) occupation forces only.
C) both occupation forces and prisoners of war.
D) neither prisoners of war nor occupation forces.

Question 28

The Dispute Settlement Board of the WTO allows:

A) retaliatory measures.
B) imposition of tariff for no more than 10 months.
C) a ban on the imports of the offending nation for no more than 5 months.
D) a boycott.

Question 29

The International Criminal Court:

A) uses the prisons of member nations.
B) has jurisdiction over individual defendants.
C) does not have imprisonment as punishment.
D) uses exile and imprisonment in the nation of the victim as punishment.

Question 30

All of the following are covering laws except for:

A) a characterization of the global scene.
B) a description of the chief actor on the global scene.
C) a realpolitik description of the morality of the decision.
D) special considerations that must be factored into any international study.

Question 31

The ____________ is an unstable element within the human decision making process that emerges because the act of making a decision in a system often alters that system.

A) reflexivity principle
B) uncertainty principle
C) volition variable
D) targeted economic zone

Question 32

The principle of repentance calls for an expression of remorse by:

A) the combatants.
B) only the defeated.
C) all nations.
D) the United Nations.

Question 33

In the WTO, the most-favored nation principle allows:

A) economically developing nations to receive special treatment.
B) the developed nations to obtain economic advantages.
C) all member nations to have similar treatment regarding similar imports.
D) poor nations to receive financial payments from wealthy nations.

Question 34

The ____________ new world order sees the nations of the world grouped together based on politics.

A) economic
B) ideological
C) civilizational
D) globalized

Question 35

____________ is a universal normative principle that follows a set pattern that can be used to understand natural processes or human behavior.

A) Neoconservativism
B) Neoliberalism
C) Realpolitik
D) A covering law

Question 36

The just war theory's criterion of ____________ states that war can be initiated only by legitimately recognized nation-states.

A) proportionality
B) just cause
C) right intention
D) competent authority

Question 37

The earliest development of the preemptive war concept was by:

A) Leslie Groves.
B) Curtis LeMay.
C) Thomas More.
D) Socrates.

Question 38

When a contract subject to CISG exceeds $500 it:

A) is enforceable without the need to be written.
B) must be written to be enforceable.
C) must be written and reviewed by attorneys for both sides.
D) must be written if the value of the contract exceeds ten percent of the net worth of a party.

Question 39

In the ICJ, judges who disagree with the advisory opinion of the majority are empowered to issue ____________ opinions.

A) dissenting
B) qualified
C) adverse
D) reverse

Question 40

____________ history is a technique for determining how world leaders will probably act in a given world order when facing a crisis or mapping out a future global strategy.

A) International initial conditions
B) Predictive political
C) International behavior
D) Realpolitik

Question 41

Corzina, a small nation-state, has been attacked by its neighbor, Troy. Another nation-state, Rutland is a friend of Corzina's, but has problems with Troy. Finding this to be the best opportunity, Rutland attacks Troy, defeats Troy, and takes control over its government and the civilian population. Is the cause and intention of Rutland just?

Question 42

A U.S. Court has to decide the application of a NAFTA provision in a dispute between Big Co., a U.S.-based firm, and Medium Co., a Canadian company, concerning the export of prescription drugs by Medium Co. from Canada to the U.S. Discuss the guidelines that a U.S. court will consider while interpreting NAFTA.

Question 43

Timberland and Lumberland are members of the WTO. Timberland has a contract to supply electrical and mechanical parts to Lumberland. Lumberland imposes tariffs on the mechanical parts imported by it from Timberland. Timberland approaches the dispute settlement board claiming that Lumberland was violating the trade agreement. The DSB orders Lumberland to remove the tariffs, but Lumberland does not follow it. Can the dispute settlement board order any other measure?

Question 44

The International Criminal Court wants to try a U.S. citizen for alleged war crimes. The U.S. protests, asserting that the court lacks jurisdiction. Discuss the validity of this assertion.

Question 45

Tobyland is a developing nation and needs five million dollars to build dams and flyovers. Which international organization will give Tobyland a loan of five million dollars?

Question 46

Maximberg is a country in Europe and is a member of the European Union. For the convenience of tourists and other commercial purposes, it wants to adopt the Euro as its currency. Can it adopt the Euro?

Question 47

A United Nations agency has requested an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice concerning the applicability of the Geneva Conventions to a rebellion within an African nation. No party to the actual conflict has made a request to the United Nations or the International Court of Justice. Discuss the right of the International Court of Justice to issue the advisory opinion.

Question 48

An international contract between two merchants is the subject of a dispute between the two companies, Universal Exports and Global Industries. The Universal offer specifies delivery by January 15, while the Global acceptance specifies delivery by July 15. Discuss how the CISG will resolve this dispute.

Question 49

A developing nation wants to protect its farmers from competition from advanced nations. Due to technology and economies of scale, the advanced nations are able to export food to the developing nation at a price lower than the cost of production by local farmers. At the same time, the developing nation wants to be a member of the World Trade Organization. What can the developing nation do to protect its farmers and still be member of the World Trade Organization?

Question 50

Hansen had a contract with a Swedish corporation for the delivery of several automobiles. When the corporation failed to deliver the vehicles as agreed, Hansen indicated that he would bring his case to the International Court of Justice for a proper hearing. Can Hansen make good on his promise to file a complaint with the International Court of Justice? Explain.