Deck 8: Marriages in Societal and Individual Perspective

Question 1

_____ of high school dropouts disapproved or strongly disapproved of living together with no intention to marry.

A)One-third
B)Two-thirds
C)One-fourth
D)Half

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Men tend to marry women who are

A)more educated.
B)the same age.
C)below them in age and education.
D)above them in age and education.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following religious groups has the LOWEST likelihood of divorce?

A)Jews
B)Mormons
C)Baptists
D)Catholics

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Barriers to marriage for low-income unmarried couples with children include all of the following EXCEPT

A)financial concerns.
B)relationship quality.
C)fear of and opposition to divorce.
D)concerns about relationships with new in-laws.

Question 5

People in which of the following groups are LEAST likely to be married?

A)Caucasians
B)Asian Americans
C)African Americans
D)Hispanic Americans

Question 6

The tendency to marry others who share our social characteristics is referred to as

A)endogamy
B)exogamy
C)heterogamy
D)homogamy

Question 7

The "marriage squeeze" refers to

A)the rise of divorce in mid-life.
B)the rise in frequency of extramarital affairs.
C)the tendency for women to marry men of higher status.
D)the gender imbalance reflected in the ratio of available unmarried women to men.

Question 8

Marriages that are homogamous tend to be more stable than those that are heterogamous because

A)homogamous couples may have more approval from relatives.
B)homogamous couples are probably less conventional.
C)heterogamous couples are likely to be rigid in their beliefs.
D)homogamous couples may have considerably different values.

Question 9

The tendency for women to marry men of higher status is called the

A)marriage gradient
B)closed field.
C)marriage squeeze.
D)halo effect.

Question 10

The marriage retreat is not a rejection of marriage but a reflection of concern over all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)financial concerns
B)fear of divorce
C)relationship quality
D)self-centered values

Question 11

The likelihood of marriage

A)has declined among college educated white women.
B)has declined among women without a high school diploma.
C)has declined for men with a college education.
D)is the same for men regardless of their college education.

Question 12

A marriage between a man and his mother, sister, or daughter violates the principles of

A)endogamy.
B)exogamy.
C)heterogamy.
D)homagamy.

Question 13

An example of the mating gradient is

A)a young man choosing to marry an older woman.
B)a middle-aged widower not being able to find a partner because there are not enough women.
C)an attractive, older career woman not being able to find a suitable partner.
D)an attractive woman being able to choose a partner from any class or age group.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding attitudes about marriage?

A)Less than half of college graduates disapproved of cohabitation.
B)About 90 percent of college graduates disapprove of cohabitation.
C)Two-thirds of high school dropouts disapprove of cohabitation without intent to marry.
D)Low-income and minority populations still value marriage.

Question 15

The incest taboo is an enforcement of

A)exogamy.
B)homogamy.
C)heterogamy.
D)endogamy.

Question 16

Oropesa and Landale claim all of the following are evidence of a retreat from marriage EXCEPT

A)an increase in domestic partnerships.
B)delays in the age at which women and men first marry.
C)"unprecedented" proportions of the population never marrying.
D)increases in cohabitation and nonmarital births.

Question 17

Premarital factors which researchers have found to predict later marital happiness and satisfaction include all of the following EXCEPT

A)length of courtship.
B)level of education.
C)number of previous relationships.
D)age at marriage.

Question 18

Endogamy is

A)the tendency of people to marry outside their particular group.
B)related to the distrust of outsiders.
C)enforced by deep taboos.
D)the tendency to choose a mate with similar personal characteristics.

Question 19

The marriage debate refers to the debate about whether

A)marriage is becoming more or less popular.
B)marriage has become more or less stable over time.
C)the family is in decline or dynamic, changing, and resilient.
D)the duration of marriage effect truly exists.

Question 20

Which of the following religious groups has the GREATEST likelihood of divorce?

A)Jews
B)Mormons
C)Baptists
D)Catholics

Question 21

The major types of commitment operating within marriage include all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)personal commitment.
B)moral commitment.
C)structural commitment.
D)financial commitment.

Question 22

According to the text, each of the following is a function of engagement EXCEPT

A)the legitimization of sexual intercourse.
B)preparing couples for marriage by requiring them to think about the realities of life.
C)the beginning of kinship with each other's families.
D)the strengthening of the partners as a couple.

Question 23

When couples are experiencing outside stressful circumstances,

A)marital quality diminishes.
B)most partners judge their partner's favorably rather than blame them for the circumstances.
C)couples become more reliant on one another.
D)children tend to take on parental roles.

Question 24

What percentage of marriages in the United States are homogamous with respect to race?

A)54 percent
B)68 percent
C)72 percent
D)98 percent

Question 25

Social and psychological issues which typically need to be dealt with during engagement include all of the following EXCEPT

A)maturation and dependency needs.
B)partner choice.
C)self-knowledge.
D)identity bargaining.

Question 26

Which of the following courtship patterns is most likely to lead to satisfying and enduring marriage?

A)rocky and turbulent courtships
B)sweet and undramatic courtships
C)passionate courtships
D)disappointing and negative courtships

Question 27

Which of the following relationship factors is most important in predicting marital success?

A)problem-solving skills
B)the absence of conflict
C)assertiveness
D)emotional environment

Question 28

Lauer and Lauer found all of the following EXCEPT _____ to be ingredients for marital success.

A)believing in marriage as a long-term commitment
B)having a spouse who is a best friend and whom you like as a person
C)consensus on fundamentals such as aims and goals
D)being able to maintain traditional gender roles within the marriage

Question 29

Partners must be at least _____ years of age to marry in 49 of the 50 states without parental consent.

A)16
B)17
C)18
D)21

Question 30

In Murstein's stimulus-value-role theory,

A)the sequence of stages is interchangeable.
B)exchange is an important element.
C)"role" refers to the way each person acts on his or her values.
D)"stimulus" refers to factors that keep an established relationship going.

Question 31

The stimulus-value-role theory explains

A)desirability of partners.
B)the development of romantic relationships.
C)basic values of love.
D)degree of intermarriage.

Question 32

How does parenthood affect marriage?

A)It lowers marital conflict.
B)It leads to more involvement in leisure activities.
C)It leads to a deterioration of marital functioning.
D)It leads to more shared household responsibility.

Question 33

Between 1980 and 2000, the norm of marriage as a life-long relationship received increased support.

Question 34

All of the following are true regarding widowhood EXCEPT

A)widows who had poor marriages think about remarrying more often than those who had good marriages.
B)most marriages end with death rather than divorce.
C)widowed is often associated with financial hardship.
D)some widows enjoy their new freedom.

Question 35

An example of Murstein's value stage is

A)comparing religious beliefs and philosophies of life.
B)finding a person extremely attractive.
C)learning the person's job preferences.
D)cooking a meal together for fun.

Question 36

According to the stimulus-value-role theory, in the stimulus stage each person is

A)attracted to the other.
B)determining if they are compatible.
C)analyzing the other's behavior.
D)determining if the other would make a good spouse.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about the benefits of marriage is TRUE?

A)Married people are always healthier than the unmarried.
B)Marriage is beneficial to health and well-being if the marriage is good.
C)Married people are psychologically more mature than the unmarried.
D)Remaining in an unhappy marriage still has more benefits than being unmarried.

Question 38

The most important background factor in shaping marital outcomes is

A)socioeconomic class.
B)age.
C)religion.
D)ethnicity.

Question 39

Same-sex marriage is allowed in _____ states in the United States.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)12

Question 40

"The change in one's identity from that of an autonomous individual to that of a partner in a couple" describes

A)emotional marriage.
B)psychic marriage
C)community marriage.
D)legal marriage.

Question 41

Conflict-habituated marriages are more common than vital marriages, according to Cuber and Harroff.

Question 42

Civil unions are the same as marriages.

Question 43

Women typically experience depression and an identity crisis when their youngest child departs from the home.

Question 44

Adjusting our idealized pictures of marriage to fit the reality of our partner's personality and the circumstances of the marriage is a process known as identity bargaining.

Question 45

Because it is fixed and unchanging, personality has little effect on marital processes.

Question 46

Cohabitation serves many of the same functions as engagement.

Question 47

Although same-sex marriage was once ruled as unconstitutional by the Massachusetts Supreme Court, the state now has fully legal gay marriage.

Question 48

Over time, cohabitators tend to be viewed as kin by their partner's relatives.

Question 49

The term "boomerang generation" refers to young adults living with one or both of their parents until their mid-twenties or moving back in after a temporary absence.

Question 50

The exchanging of rings dates back to ancient Egyptian weddings and symbolizes timelessness.

Question 51

The first honeymoons involved the drinking of honey wine.

Question 52

When it comes to mate selection, opposites attract.

Question 53

Marriage tends to change people for the better.

Question 54

Discuss relationship factors that predict marital success.

Question 55

The most important ingredient for enduring marriage is religion.

Question 56

Research in the 1990s showed that older people without children experienced about the same level of psychological well-being, instrumental support, and care as those who have children.

Question 57

The elderly tend to be neglected and isolated.

Question 58

Americans are marrying younger today than ever before.

Question 59

More than half of first marriages result from cohabitation.

Question 60

Parental image theory suggests that we seek partners who are unlike our parents.

Question 61

How does parenthood affect marital success?

Question 62

Discuss enduring marriages.

Question 63

Define and describe the "marriage debate."

Question 64

Discuss the functions of engagement.