Deck 23: The Transport Systems

Question 1

The pulmonary circuit in a closed circulatory system functions in

A) nutrient absorption from the intestine.
B) gas exchange in the lungs.
C) waste disposal in the kidneys.
D) creating proper blood pressure.
E) distribution of nutrients to the body tissues.

Answer 1

B
Explanation: In a closed circulatory system the pulmonary circuit carries blood to the lungs and back where gas exchange occurs and the systemic circuit carries blood to the body tissues where gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged.

Question 2

A heart murmur is caused by

A) blocked arteries to the heart muscle.
B) loss of oxygen to the left atrium.
C) faulty semilunar valves.
D) faulty atrioventricular valves.
E) an irregular heart beat.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: The atrioventricular valves are key to the functioning of the heart, preventing the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria when the ventricles contract. If one of the valves is not working properly, blood leaks back into the atria and the "lub" of the heart beat is not "crisp," causing the murmur.

Question 3

Figure:
The figure shown here represents a four chambered heart. Part Z represents the ________.

A) pulmonary trunk
B) septum
C) left atrium
D) right ventricle
E) superior vena cava

Answer 3

B
Explanation: The figure shows the circulation through the heart as well as the major blood vessels close to the heart. The blue represents areas with O₂ poor blood and the red areas with O₂ rich blood. V=right atrium; W=right ventricle; X=aorta; Y=pulmonary trunk; Z=septum. The blood flow through the four chambered heart is an important concept because it is the foundation of the human circulatory system.

Question 4

Blood in veins

A) is moved by the contraction of the muscles in the walls of the veins.
B) is moved away from the heart by skeletal muscle contraction.
C) is usually high in oxygen.
D) is moved away from the heart with the help of the valves within the veins.
E) is moved toward the heart by skeletal muscle contraction.

Question 5

A four chambered heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries are found in

A) all closed circulatory systems.
B) some closed circulatory systems.
C) some open circulatory systems.
D) all open circulatory systems.
E) mammals only.

Question 6

Pulmonary arteries take

A) O₂-poor blood to the lungs.
B) O₂-rich blood to the lungs.
C) O₂-rich blood to the body.
D) O₂-poor blood to the right atrium.
E) O₂-poor blood to the body.

Question 7

Blood pressure

A) is highest when the heart relaxes.
B) can decrease because of atherosclerosis.
C) can be lowered by the constriction of arterioles.
D) is considered high when it is above 100/70 mm Hg.
E) contributes to movement of substances from the blood into the tissues.

Question 8

Figure:
The figure shown here represents a four chambered heart. The blood in the chamber marked by V

A) is rich in oxygen.
B) is poor in oxygen.
C) will next enter the left atrium.
D) has come from the pulmonary veins.
E) has come from the aorta.

Question 9

If the sinoatrial node fails in the heart

A) the heart ceases to beat.
B) the ventricles will beat at a higher rate.
C) an artificial pacemaker can correct the problem.
D) the heartbeat is unaffected.
E) the atria will not contract.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true about semilunar valves?

A) One is found at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk.
B) Their closing causes the second, shorter "dub" sound of the heartbeat.
C) They connect the atria and ventricles.
D) One is found at the entrance to the aorta.
E) They are composed of three half moon shaped flaps.

Question 11

In the cardiac cycle, the diastole is

A) the relaxation of heart muscle.
B) the contraction of the atria.
C) the closing of the atrioventricular valves.
D) the opening of the semilunar valves.
E) the contraction of the ventricles.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the movement of blood through capillary beds?

A) Cold temperatures will cause the opening of sphincters to capillary beds in the skin.
B) Eating will cause the opening of sphincters to capillary beds in the digestive tract.
C) Exercise will cause the opening of sphincters to capillary beds in skeletal muscles.
D) When the sphincters leading to a capillary bed are closed, the blood passes through a shunt.
E) Red blood cells move through the capillaries in single file.

Question 13

A major evolutionary change seen between fish circulatory systems and amphibian, bird, and mammalian circulatory systems is the presence of a

A) separate pulmonary circuit in fish.
B) two chambered heart in amphibians, birds, and mammals.
C) double loop pathway in amphibians, birds, and mammals.
D) stronger atria in amphibians, birds, and mammals.
E) four chambered heart in fish.

Question 14

The osmotic pressure and buffering capacity of the blood is maintained by the ________.

A) red blood cells
B) plasma
C) lymph
D) white blood cells
E) platelets

Question 15

In an open circulatory system

A) hemolymph enters the heart via ostia.
B) blood leaves the heart via venules.
C) the heart has two or more chambers.
D) nutrients are exchanged across the walls of capillaries.
E) blood is pumped into cavities called ventricles.

Question 16

The vessel which leaves the heart, taking O₂-rich blood to the body,

A) is large in diameter with a thick muscle and elastic layer.
B) is called the pulmonary trunk.
C) has many valves along its length to assist in blood flow.
D) is comprised of a single layer of thin epithelial cells.
E) is called the superior vena cava.

Question 17

For which of the following is iron required?

A) It stimulates formation of lymph.
B) It forms part of hemoglobin which transports oxygen.
C) It prevents destruction of red blood cells.
D) It prevents plaque formation in arteries.
E) It forms part of white blood cells.

Question 18

In animals with four chambered hearts, the left ventricle

A) is larger as it pumps blood to the entire body.
B) is larger as it pumps blood in the pulmonary circuit.
C) pumps blood to the lungs.
D) pumps blood to both the lungs and the body.
E) pumps deoxygenated blood.

Question 19

If blood is blocked from reaching the heart muscle and it results in chest pain

A) this indicates a heart attack has occurred due to the lack of oxygen to part of the heart muscle.
B) it is called angina pectoris.
C) this indicates a heart attack has occurred due to a stroke.
D) the likely cause is a heart murmur.
E) a probable treatment is a blood transfusion.

Question 20

Taking up fat from digested foods along with excess tissue fluid and returning it to cardiovascular veins is a function of the __________.

A) circulatory system
B) systemic circuit
C) lymphatic system
D) pulmonary circuit
E) cardiovascular arteries

Question 21

A type of parasitic worm lives in the lymph vessels of humans, blocking the flow of lymph. What symptoms would you expect in someone with such an infection?

A) the collection of tissue fluids in the areas blocked by the worms
B) the inability to fight infection
C) ventricular fibrillation
D) heart attack
E) the inability to absorb carbohydrates and proteins

Question 22

The function of the lymphatic vessel is to

A) collect O₂-rich blood from below the heart and return it to the right atrium.
B) carry blood from the heart to the tissues of the body.
C) collect tissue fluid and return it to the subclavian veins.
D) collect tissue fluid and return it to the aorta.
E) collect O₂-poor blood from above the heart and return it to the right atrium.

Question 23

When red blood cells are destroyed, the heme molecule is returned to the bone marrow to be used again.

Question 24

The blood vessels to the lungs and back are collectively known as the

A) pulmonary circulation.
B) systemic circulation.
C) lymphatic system.
D) portal system.
E) oxygen exchange system.

Question 25

In the figure shown here, the top ECG shown is normal. What condition does the bottom ECG indicate?

A) ventricular fibrillation
B) a heart murmur
C) hypertension
D) stroke
E) angina pectoris

Question 26

Which of the following collects all the venous blood from below the heart?

A) pulmonary artery
B) renal vein
C) hepatic portal vein
D) aorta
E) inferior vena cava

Question 27

The advantage of the double loop circulatory pathway of some vertebrates over the single loop circulatory pathway of fish is that

A) the blood is put back under pressure after picking up oxygen in the respiratory organ.
B) all the O₂-rich is pumped to the systemic arteries of the body.
C) the O₂-rich blood and O₂-poor blood mixes in the single ventricle.
D) the ventricle acts as a strong pump.
E) the atria act as receiving chambers.

Question 28

In order for cells in multicellular organisms to exchange gases, a circulatory system must be present.

Question 29

Neutrophils and monocytes are similar in that they both

A) are types of erythrocytes.
B) result in phagocytized pathogens.
C) produce antibodies in response to pathogens.
D) release kinins which attract platelets.
E) are responsible for specific immunity.

Question 30

Which blood vessel within the systemic circulatory system will connect the digestive tract and the liver?

A) hepatic portal vein
B) hepatic vein
C) pulmonary trunk
D) aorta
E) renal vein

Question 31

You are a doctor and a patient comes to you for a check-up. He expresses that his father recently had a heart attack brought on by atherosclerosis. He wants to know what he should do to lower his risk of also having a heart attack. Which of the following statements might you make to him?

A) Do not be concerned about your weight.
B) Keep exercise to a minimum.
C) Decrease the amount of fruits and vegetables in your diet.
D) Decrease the amount of saturated fat and cholesterol in your diet.
E) Smoking does not contribute to your risk.

Question 32

Which one of the following statements is true about animals that do NOT have circulatory systems?

A) They do not have tissues and organs.
B) They may rely on diffusion for the transfer of gases, nutrients, and wastes.
C) There are no animals without circulatory systems.
D) They tend to have large bodies.
E) The body cells are typically distant from the source of the oxygen so the gas has to diffuse through several layers to reach all cells.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true about platelets?

A) They form clumps in leaks in blood vessels.
B) They produce prothrombin activator.
C) They contract within a clot.
D) They phagocytize pathogens.
E) They are actual fragments of a larger type of cell.

Question 34

Which of the following correctly gives the orders of events in a cardiac cycle?

A) atria contract, ventricles contract, AV valves close, ventricles relax, semilunar valves close
B) ventricles contract, AV valves close, atria contract, ventricles relax, semilunar valves close
C) ventricles relax, atria contract, ventricles relax, AV valves close, semilunar valves close
D) AV valves close, ventricles relax, atria contract, semilunar valves close, ventricles contract
E) ventricles contract, atria contract, AV valves close, ventricles relax, semilunar valves close

Question 35

The presence of salts and plasma proteins in capillaries causes

A) a greater osmotic pressure than blood pressure at the arterial end.
B) diffusion of water into the body tissues.
C) greater osmotic pressure in the blood than in body tissues.
D) slower flow of blood through capillaries.
E) water to move out of the blood capillary at the venous end.

Question 36

In the figure shown here, the blood in the chamber indicated by the arrow marked with "X"

A) is a mixture of O₂-poor and O₂-rich blood.
B) is poor in oxygen.
C) is rich in oxygen.
D) will all be pumped to the lungs.
E) will all be pumped to the systemic capillaries of the body.

Question 37

Formation of plaques in atherosclerosis can lead to hypertension, blood clots, stroke, and heart attacks.

Question 38

You are a doctor and an individual comes into your office. During the routine exam you listen to the patient's heart sounds and notice that the first heart sound or "lub" is not as sharp or crisp as it should be. Your diagnosis of the patient's condition is __________.

A) atherosclerosis
B) a heart murmur
C) angina pectoris
D) thromboembolism
E) hypertension

Question 39

The two large lymphatic ducts deliver lymph to the subclavian veins.

Question 40

A leak in a blood vessel is closed first by platelets and then by fibrin threads.

Question 41

Both a coronary bypass operation and a stent insertion procedure are treatments used for which of the following conditions?

A) blockage of a coronary artery
B) hypertension
C) anemia
D) heart murmur
E) ventricular defibrillation

Question 42

A neutrophil

A) fights disease.
B) forms a plug in damaged blood vessels.
C) carries oxygen in the blood.
D) releases clotting factors which stimulate the formation of a blood clot.
E) carries carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 43

Which of the following statements are true about the majority of arteries in the body?

A) Arteries transport blood towards the heart and contain a thick wall of smooth muscle.
B) Arteries transport blood towards the heart and contain a thin wall of smooth muscle.
C) Arteries transport blood away from the heart and contain a thick wall of smooth muscle.
D) Arteries transport blood away from the heart and contain a thick wall of skeletal muscle.
E) Arteries transport blood away from the heart and contain a thick wall of cardiac muscle.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is correct about the function of the pulmonary circulatory system?

A) The pulmonary system is responsible for adding oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.
B) The systemic system is responsible for adding oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.
C) The pulmonary system is responsible for adding carbon dioxide and removing oxygen from the red blood cells.
D) The pulmonary system is responsible for adding oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the white blood cells.
E) The pulmonary system is responsible for adding oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the platelets.

Question 45

Figure:
The portion of whole blood indicated by the C in the figure shown here

A) represents 60% of the sample and is composed of leukocytes and platelets.
B) represents 45% of the sample and is composed of plasma.
C) represents 60% of the sample and is composed of erythrocytes.
D) represents 55% of the sample and is composed of plasma.
E) represents 45% of the sample and is composed of erythrocytes.

Question 46

Because of the nature of platelets, having a low platelet count can be cause for concern if which of the following were to occur?

A) a deep cut
B) a bacterial infection
C) a viral infection
D) a diet deficient in iron
E) a parasitic worm infection

Question 47

One of the side effects of chemotherapy is lack of energy due to anemia. Why might erythropoietin be prescribed for a cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy?

A) Erythropoietin treats the anemia by stimulating the production of white blood cells.
B) Erythropoietin treats the anemia by stimulating the production of red blood cells.
C) Erythropoietin prevents the destruction of red blood cells, preventing the anemia.
D) Erythropoietin prevents the destruction of white blood cells, preventing the anemia.
E) Erythropoietin treats the anemia by stimulating the production of platelets.

Question 48

A neutrophil is a type of __________.

A) white blood cell
B) red blood cell
C) platelet
D) erythrocyte
E) cardiac muscle cell

Question 49

Figure:
The substance indicated by the A in the figure shown here

A) is composed of formed elements, mostly platelets.
B) is a fluid and contains nutrients, gases, proteins, and ions.
C) is composed of formed elements, mostly white blood cells.
D) is 100% water.
E) carries most of the oxygen in the blood.

Question 50

Which of the following features are incorrectly matched with the type of blood vessel in which it is found?

A) well developed middle layer with smooth muscle and elastic tissue - arteries
B) narrow, microscopic tubes of endothelium - capillaries
C) valves are present insuring one-way flow of blood - veins
D) thick, well developed walls due to the presence of a thick layer of smooth muscle - veins
E) formed from capillaries and join to form veins - venules

Question 51

A lower than normal level of _______ can result in a decreased clotting time.

A) platelets
B) basophils
C) neutrophils
D) erythrocytes
E) lymphocytes