Deck 20: Plant Anatomy and Growth

Question 1

Which of the following structures is not a part of the epidermis of a leaf?

A) cuticle
B) spongy mesophyll
C) stoma
D) guard cells
E) leaf hairs

Answer 1

B
Explanation: The spongy mesophyll resides in the interior of a leaf. The other structures, including leaf hairs, are derived from the epidermis.

Question 2

___________ enters a leaf through leaf veins, and _________ exits a leaf through leaf veins.

A) Water; carbon dioxide
B) Oxygen; carbon dioxide
C) Water; sugar
D) Carbon dioxide; sugar
E) Sugar; oxygen

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Leaf veins bring water to the leaves, and carry away the products of photosynthesis. Oxygen leaves, and carbon dioxide enters a leaf through open stomata.

Question 3

Figure:
Photosynthesis primarily occurs in which tissues of the leaf shown here?

A) 1 and 5
B) 2 and 3
C) 1, 2, and 3
D) 2 and 4
E) 3, 4, and 5

Answer 3

D
Explanation: The palisade and spongy mesophyll tissues of a leaf are the primary sites of photosynthesis.

Question 4

Root hairs are composed of which of the following types of tissue?

A) sclerenchyma
B) parenchyma
C) collenchyma
D) vascular cambium
E) epidermal

Question 5

Primary growth occurs from the

A) pericycle.
B) nodes.
C) axils.
D) terminal bud.
E) root hairs.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plants?

A) The leaves of monocot plants have leaf veins that form a net-like pattern, while the leaves of eudicot plants have parallel leaf veins.
B) Monocot leaves have leaf veins that form a net-like pattern, and their flower parts occur in multiples of 3; eudicot leaves have parallel leaf veins, and their flower parts occur in multiples of 4 or 5.
C) Monocot leaves have parallel leaf veins, and their flower parts occur in multiples of 4 or 5; eudicot leaves have leaf veins that form a net-like pattern, and their flower parts occur in multiples of 3.
D) Monocot flower parts occur in multiples of 4 or 5, while eudicot flower parts occur in multiples of 3.
E) Monocot leaves have parallel leaf veins, while the leaf veins of a eudicot plant form a net-like pattern.

Question 7

If you remove all of the terminal buds from a plant, what is the most likely outcome?

A) Branching would occur, but no further primary growth would occur.
B) All of the plant's leaves would die.
C) The plant would not be affected.
D) Branching would occur from the roots.
E) Additional stems would develop.

Question 8

Figure:
In the figure shown here, water evaporates from structure _____ and exits the leaf through structure _____.

A) 1; 5
B) 4; 5
C) 3; 5
D) 4; 3
E) 3; 1

Question 9

Secondary growth occurs in plants which have ________.

A) tracheids
B) pericycle
C) apical meristem
D) vascular cambium
E) cortex

Question 10

Which of the following is not part of the shoot system?

A) pericycle
B) terminal bud
C) stomata
D) flower
E) lateral bud

Question 11

Compare and contrast the structure of a simple leaf with that of a compound leaf.

Question 12

What advantages do root hairs give to a plant?

A) The products of photosynthesis from the leaves are stored in the root hairs.
B) Root hairs provide support for the elongating shoot system.
C) Root hairs allow the plant to regenerate after the shoot system dies back.
D) Root hairs allow lateral branching of the roots.
E) Root hairs increase the surface area available for water absorption.

Question 13

Stomata are derived from

A) parenchyma.
B) epidermis.
C) vascular cambium.
D) collenchyma.
E) sclerenchyma.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a typical function of the root system?

A) anchorage
B) absorption of nitrates
C) absorption of water
D) absorption of carbon dioxide
E) absorption of minerals

Question 15

Vessel elements are to xylem as _____ are to phloem.

A) tracheids
B) sclerenchyma
C) sieve-tube members
D) companion cells
E) sieve plates

Question 16

Which of the following is not a function of stems?

A) photosynthesis
B) water storage
C) food storage
D) nitrogen fixation
E) attachment and support

Question 17

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plants?

A) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a eudicot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a monocot stem.
B) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot root, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a eudicot root.
C) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a eudicot root, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a monocot root.
D) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a eudicot stem.
E) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot stem, while xylem and phloem occur in scattered bundles in a eudicot stem.

Question 18

Which of the following cell types would be most likely to be involved in the long-term storage of food for a plant?

A) mesophyll
B) parenchyma
C) collenchyma
D) sclerenchyma
E) epidermis

Question 19

Cork cells are a type of ______ tissue that is produced by the __________.

A) epidermal; cork cambium
B) epidermal; vascular cambium
C) sclerenchyma; vascular cambium
D) collenchyma; cork cambium
E) sclerenchyma; cork cambium

Question 20

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plant stems?

A) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a eudicot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a monocot stem.
B) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a eudicot stem.
C) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a eudicot stem, while xylem and phloem occur in scattered bundles in a monocot stem.
D) Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot stem, while xylem and phloem occur in scattered bundles in a eudicot stem.
E) Xylem and phloem occur in scattered bundles in a monocot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a eudicot stem.

Question 21

When water enters guard cells, turgor pressure ______ and the stomata ______.

A) increases; open
B) decreases; open
C) increases; close
D) decreases; close
E) does not change; close

Question 22

____ and _____ are micronutrients in plants, while ____ and ____ are macronutrients.

A) Mn; Zn; N; O
B) Mn; O; Zn; C
C) Cu; K; O; H
D) Cu; K; B; Mn
E) Mn; Zn; B; N

Question 23

Removing bark from a tree means that ________ are removed.

A) phloem, cortex, cork cambium, and cork
B) vascular cambium, phloem, cork cambium, and cork
C) xylem, vascular cambium, and phloem
D) cortex, cork cambium, and cork
E) vascular cambium, cortex, cork cambium, and xylem

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding the organization of vascular tissue in roots is true?

A) In eudicot roots, xylem and phloem bundles occur in a ring surrounding the pith.
B) In eudicot roots, phloem form a star shape in the center, with xylem occurring between arms of phloem.
C) In monocot roots, vascular bundles are found only within the zone of cell division.
D) In both monocot and eudicot roots, phloem are found outside the endodermis, and xylem within the endodermis.
E) In monocot roots, xylem and phloem bundles alternate in a ring surrounding the pith.

Question 25

Root hairs are found within the

A) zone of maturation only.
B) zone of maturation and zone of elongation.
C) zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of maturation.
D) root cap only.
E) root cap and zone of cell division.

Question 26

Figure:
Refer to the figure shown here. Which structure(s) of a eudicot root is/are responsible for regulating the entry of minerals into the xylem?

A) 1
B) 1 and 6
C) 6
D) 2 and 3
E) 2

Question 27

Transport in xylem is typically upward, while transport in phloem can be in any direction depending on where the sink is located.

Question 28

Which of the following is an incorrect match between a root structure and its function?

A) endodermis - regulates mineral entrance into vascular tissues
B) epidermis - forms root hairs for absorption
C) pericycle - contains starch granules
D) cortex - food storage
E) pith - food storage

Question 29

In your garden, you observe a single pea plant that is much smaller and not growing well, despite being surrounded by other normal plants. You dig it up to discover that it has a weak, shallow root system. You suspect that the plant may be lacking

A) a micronutrient.
B) mycorrhizal fungi.
C) oxygen.
D) carbon.
E) hydrogen.

Question 30

Indicate, in the correct order, the structures of a leaf that water encounters as it enters and exits a leaf.

A) cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll, xylem of leaf vein
B) xylem of leaf vein, stomata, mesophyll
C) epidermis, stomata, xylem of leaf vein
D) xylem of leaf vein, mesophyll, stomata
E) xylem of leaf vein, stomata, mesophyll, phloem of leaf vein

Question 31

Micronutrients which are needed by plants as enzyme cofactors are also needed by humans for the same reason.

Question 32

Root branching occurs from the _____, while root elongation occurs from the ______.

A) lateral meristem; root meristem
B) apical meristem; root cap
C) pericycle; apical meristem
D) apical meristem; pericycle
E) pericycle; root cap

Question 33

Summer wood can be distinguished from spring wood because summer wood

A) contains wide vessels with thin walls, and is lighter than spring wood.
B) is impregnated with suberin, whereas spring wood is not.
C) contains thick-walled tracheids that give it strength, and is more dense than spring wood.
D) contains only thin-walled xylem, and is lighter than spring wood.
E) is produced during the summer when moisture is plentiful, and contains only heavy fibers and thick-walled tracheids.

Question 34

Mineral transport in plants occurs

A) through xylem tissue when sugars are present.
B) through both xylem and phloem tissue.
C) due to osmosis of water out of tracheids.
D) through xylem tissue as the water column is pulled upward.
E) continuously through phloem in both directions.

Question 35

Figure:
Refer to the figure shown here. Branching of roots occurs from structure _____, while root hairs develop from structure ______.

A) 1; 2
B) 6; 2
C) 2; 6
D) 2; 1
E) 3; 4

Question 36

A monocot root differs from a eudicot root because a monocot root

A) lacks an organized pith.
B) contains xylem and phloem organized in ring around the pith.
C) does not contain pericycle.
D) lacks a functional endodermis.
E) contains a cortex that is inside of the endoderm.

Question 37

Herbaceous eudicot stems differ from woody stems because herbaceous eudicot stems

A) do not contain cork cambium.
B) lack an organized pith.
C) initiate branching from the cortex, rather than from the cork cambium.
D) do not contain distinct vascular bundles.
E) contain scattered vascular bundles rather than containing vascular bundles in a ring.

Question 38

What two properties of water are critical in moving water through xylem?

A) polarity and neutral pH
B) cohesion and adhesion
C) density as a solid and low molecular weight
D) adhesion and density as a solid
E) low molecular weight and cohesion

Question 39

Mineral transport in plants occurs

Question 40

In the pressure-flow model, what two phenomena starts the flow of phloem contents?

A) active transport of sugar into sieve tubes, water follows by osmosis
B) water leaving sieve tubes by osmosis, followed by active transport of sugar into sieve tubes
C) active transport of water into sieve tubes, water entering companion cells by osmosis
D) water enters companion cells by osmosis, followed by active transport of sugar into sieve tubes
E) active transport of sugar into companion cells, water follows by osmosis

Question 41

Plants are capable of directly absorbing nitrogen from the atmosphere.

Question 42

Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules produces a force sufficient to move water from the roots to the shoot tip of a plant.

Question 43

Water must first pass through the endodermis of a root before it can enter xylem vessels.

Question 44

Which zone of the eudicot root tip is formed from the division of the apical meristem cells?

A) zone of maturation
B) zone of elongation
C) zone of cell division
D) root cap
E) epidermis

Question 45

Eudicot roots may experience secondary growth.

Question 46

Which group of ground tissue cells will help carry out photosynthesis?

A) parenchyma cells
B) collenchyma cells
C) sclerenchyma cells
D) xylem
E) phloem

Question 47

A leaf is compound when it lacks a petiole and possesses a blade that is divided into leaflets.

Question 48

Which layer is the central most layer in a woody stem?

A) bark
B) pith
C) wood
D) secondary xylem
E) phloem

Question 49

Which layer of the woody stem is composed of spring wood and summer wood?

A) phloem
B) pith
C) cortex
D) annual ring
E) bark

Question 50

Which layer of bark is the most superficial?

A) vascular cambium
B) phloem
C) cortex
D) cork cambium
E) cork

Question 51

What is the correct order of root zones starting with the root tip and moving upwards?

A) cell division - elongation - maturation
B) elongation - cell division - maturation
C) maturation - elongation - cell division
D) cell division - maturation - elongation
E) cell division - root cap - elongation

Question 52

Which feature best describes the vascular bundles of a nonwoody monocot stem?

A) The vascular bundles are scattered.
B) The vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
C) There are no vascular bundles in a nonwoody monocot stem.
D) The vascular bundles are arranged in parallel lines.
E) The vascular bundles are arranged in squares.

Question 53

In the pressure-flow model, the movement of nutrients through phloem is initiated when water moves from sieve tube members into companion cells by osmosis, causing sugar in surrounding cells to be transported into sieve tube members.

Question 54

The bark of a tree is entirely derived from vascular cambium.