Deck 18: Land Environment: Plants and Fungi

Question 1

Which of these is mismatched?

A) bryophytes-flagellated sperm
B) lycophytes-microphylls
C) ferns-megaphylls
D) gymnosperms-fruits
E) angiosperms-seeds

Answer 1

D
Explanation: Gymnosperms produce "naked" seeds that are not enclosed in fruits.

Question 2

Figure:
Which structure is the style?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

C
Explanation: A and B are the anther and filament. C and D are the stigma and style. E is the ovary.

Question 3

Part Z is ________.

A) stored food
B) the sporophyte embryo
C) the seed coat
D) the gametophyte embryo
E) vascular tissue

Answer 3

A
Explanation: X is the seed coat, Y is the sporophyte embryo, and Z is the stored food.

Question 4

Which of these were the first to have well-developed vascular tissue?

A) charophytes
B) bryophytes
C) lycophytes
D) ferns
E) gymnosperms

Question 5

Which of the following provide protection and nourishment to the embryo?

A) all plants
B) angiosperms only
C) gymnosperms only
D) bryophytes only
E) lycophytes only

Question 6

The closest living relatives of land plants are

A) charophytes.
B) chytrids.
C) sporozoans.
D) cyanobacteria.
E) lichens.

Question 7

Conifers such as pine trees are

A) angiosperms.
B) lycophytes.
C) bryophytes.
D) charophytes.
E) gymnosperms.

Question 8

Which of these does not belong to the angiosperm life cycle?

A) double fertilization
B) pollen
C) megaspore
D) flagellated sperm
E) microspore

Question 9

Figure:
Which structure is the ovary?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Endosperm is a _____ tissue.

A) haploid (n)
B) vascular
C) diploid (2n)
D) cotyledon
E) triploid (3n)

Question 11

If a plant has vascular tissue, megaphylls, and seeds, but not flowers, then it is a(n)

A) angiosperm.
B) gymnosperm.
C) lycophyte.
D) fern.
E) bryophyte.

Question 12

Figure:
Which part of the figure represents the sporophyte?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Which structure is characteristic of angiosperms?

A) vascular tissue
B) seed
C) leaf
D) flower
E) megaphyll

Question 14

Figure:
Which structure is the anther?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

The gametophyte is the dominant generation in

A) angiosperms.
B) gymnosperms.
C) ferns.
D) mosses.
E) all land plants.

Question 16

You discover a green, filamentous multicellular eukaryote growing at the edge of a pond. How could you determine if the organism is a green alga or a plant?

A) Test for the presence of chlorophylls a and b.
B) Examine the cell walls to see if they are composed of cellulose.
C) See if the organism stores its excess carbohydrates in the form of starch.
D) Determine if the organism protects its zygotes.
E) Determine if the organism protects and nourishes its embryos.

Question 17

Which of these is mismatched?

A) carpel-ovary
B) stamen-anther
C) calyx-stigma
D) corolla-petal
E) stamen-filament

Question 18

Figure:
Which part of the figure represents the gametophyte?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Pollen grains are

A) female gametophytes.
B) embryonic sporophytes.
C) male gametophytes.
D) megaspores.
E) encapsulated ovules.

Question 20

While walking in the woods, you come across some low-growing plants clustered at the base of a tree. You collect one as a specimen for biology class. Upon examination in the lab, you find that the leaf-, stem-, and root-like structures contain no vascular tissue. The plant is

A) a lycophyte.
B) an angiosperm.
C) a gymnosperm.
D) a bryophyte.
E) not a plant but a charophyte.

Question 21

By definition, a fruit is derived from the

A) archegonium.
B) corolla.
C) calyx.
D) ovary.
E) stamen.

Question 22

In black bread mold, spores are produced in

A) clublike structures of the gills.
B) sporangia.
C) carpels.
D) sori.
E) mycorrhizae.

Question 23

Which of these is not a fungal disease (mycosis)?

A) wheat rust
B) ringworm
C) athlete's foot
D) oral thrush
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

A mutualistic association between a fungus and a cyanobacteria or green algae is a

A) chytrid.
B) mushroom.
C) lichen.
D) moss.
E) mycorrhiza.

Question 25

A unicellular, eukaryotic organism has flagella and cell walls of chitin. What is it?

A) charophyte
B) lycophyte
C) mycorrhizal fungus
D) black bread mold
E) chytrid

Question 26

Which statement about chytrids is incorrect?

A) They have flagellated spores and gametes.
B) They are obligate parasites.
C) Some are unicellular while others form hyphae.
D) Some have an alternation of generations life cycle.
E) Some stages of their life cycle are motile.

Question 27

Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are produced by

A) gymnosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) angiosperms.
D) charophytes.
E) lycophytes.

Question 28

Many garden-supply stores sell root dips used to treat plants that are being transplanted. Such dips are advertised as containing spores. What kind of spores should these dips contain?

A) mycorrhizal fungi
B) chytrids
C) lycophytes
D) yeasts
E) lichens

Question 29

Which of these is mismatched?

A) ovule-seed
B) ovary-fruit
C) microspore mother cell-pollen
D) embryo-male gametophyte
E) megaspore mother cell-female gametophyte

Question 30

_____ is the vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals from a plant's roots to its leaves.

A) Endosperm
B) Phloem
C) Hypha
D) Xylem
E) Corolla

Question 31

In ferns, the dominant generation is the

A) haploid gametophyte.
B) diploid gametophyte.
C) haploid sporophyte.
D) diploid sporophyte.
E) triploid endosperm.

Question 32

Some scientists estimate that over half of the world's rainforest has already been lost, mostly due to human activities. What would you predict as a consequence of the massive loss of plant life?

A) a decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide
B) reduced incidence of flooding
C) an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
D) a decline in soil erosion
E) a drop in average temperatures worldwide

Question 33

Beekeepers and scientists are puzzled and troubled by a decline in bee populations around the world. What would you predict as a likely consequence of the widespread lack of bees?

A) loss of crop productivity
B) decline in conifer numbers
C) disappearance of mosses and ferns
D) inability of plants to obtain enough nitrogen
E) increase in prevalence of seedless vascular plants

Question 34

The body of a typical fungus is termed a(n)

A) antheridium.
B) mycorrhiza.
C) sporangium.
D) hypha.
E) mycelium.

Question 35

Which statement about fungi is incorrect?

A) Fungi are chemoheterotrophic by absorption.
B) Fungi are generally motile.
C) Adult fungal cells are haploid.
D) Fungal cell walls are composed of chitin.
E) Fungi are thought to be descendants of a flagellated protist.

Question 36

In a fungal life cycle, which of the following is/are diploid?

A) the zygote only
B) the spores only
C) the hyphae only
D) the hyphae and spores but not the zygote
E) the zygote, spores, and hyphae

Question 37

When making bread, you first "proof" the yeast by mixing with sugar in lukewarm water. Assuming that the yeast are alive, what happens next and why?

A) The water will become cloudy as the flagellated yeast cells swim around.
B) The yeast will germinate and start to form a mycelium.
C) Bubbles form as the yeast ferment the sugar and release carbon dioxide.
D) Bubbles form as the yeast produce sugar and release oxygen.
E) Nothing could happen, since yeast are not living organisms.

Question 38

In the fern life cycle, which of these is haploid?

A) frond only
B) zygote only
C) gametophyte only
D) gametes only
E) both gametophyte and gametes

Question 39

Which of the following have microscopically small gametophytes?

A) mosses
B) ferns
C) angiosperms
D) gymnosperms
E) both angiosperms and gymnosperms

Question 40

If you were to examine chunks of coal for plant fossils, you would most likely find

A) stoneworts.
B) bryophytes.
C) angiosperms.
D) conifers.
E) seedless vascular plants.

Question 41

How is a mycelium a valuable adaptation for a fungus?

A) It provides a strong anchor for the fungus.
B) It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture.
C) It discourages animals from feeding on the fungus.
D) It provides a vast surface area for the generation of spores.
E) It provides physical support for the fragile sporophyte generation.

Question 42

Which fungal disease can lead to a major economic loss in wheat crops?

A) smut
B) rusts
C) leaf curl disease
D) blast disease
E) ergotism

Question 43

A plant has vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves, but it does not produce seeds. The plant has microphylls and bears its sporangia in strobili. This plant is a

A) bryophyte.
B) fern.
C) lycophyte.
D) gymnosperm.
E) angiosperm.

Question 44

The fermentation capabilities of _____ are used to produce bread and alcoholic beverages.

A) yeasts
B) chytrids
C) lichens
D) mycorrhizal fungi
E) molds

Question 45

Which statement about the economic uses of plants is incorrect?

A) Due to the abundance of xylem, pine is considered a "soft" wood.
B) Plant compounds are commonly used in pharmaceutical products.
C) The decline of pollinator populations threatens the productivity of angiosperms.
D) Fiddleheads are edible fern sporophytes.
E) Peat moss is used to reduce moisture levels in garden soil.

Question 46

What is the function of the fungal fruiting body?

A) to produce spores
B) to produce fruits that attract predators
C) to help run photosynthesis
D) to decompose organic matter
E) to assist in fungal movement

Question 47

Which of these would be best able to reproduce during a period with only light rainfall?

A) lycophytes
B) gymnosperms
C) bryophytes
D) ferns
E) No plants can reproduce except during rainy weather.

Question 48

If you are studying a eukaryotic, multicellular, non-photosynthetic organism, what piece of information would be least useful it determining if it is a fungus or an animal?

A) It is motile.
B) It has cell walls.
C) It ingests or absorbs its food.
D) It has specialized tissues and organs.
E) All of the choices would be equally useful.

Question 49

What would you predict as a likely consequence of eradicating all fungi from soil before sowing it with plant seeds?

A) Although the plants might grow, they would be unlikely to thrive due to the lack of mycorrhizal fungi.
B) The plants would grow much more vigorously because they would not have to compete with fungi for nutrients.
C) The plants would grow much more vigorously because they would not need to fight off fungal diseases.
D) No plants would be able to grow, because mycorrhizal fungi are essential for the germination of seeds.
E) The plants would grow as normal, because the presence or absence of fungi has no impact on plants.

Question 50

Which structures were required for the evolution of the ferns and gymnosperms?

A) seeds and flowers
B) megaphylls and seeds
C) microphylls and megaphylls
D) flowers and vascular tissue
E) megaphylls and vascular tissue

Question 51

Which statement about the plant alternation of generations life cycle is incorrect?

A) Spores are produced by meiosis.
B) The zygote is diploid.
C) The zygote undergoes mitosis to produce the sporophyte plant.
D) Gametes are only produced by meiosis.
E) Both gametes and spores are haploid.

Question 52

Most fungi in the environment function as

A) parasites.
B) saprotrophs.
C) photoautotrophs.
D) producers.
E) predators.

Question 53

Which of these is mismatched?

A) mushroom-fruiting body
B) angiosperm-flower
C) lycophyte-microphyll
D) charophyte-hypha
E) gymnosperm-seed

Question 54

Which of these has a diploid stage in their life cycle?

A) mosses only
B) mosses and ferns but not gymnosperms or angiosperms
C) gymnosperms and angiosperms but not mosses or ferns
D) mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
E) angiosperms only

Question 55

Which of these would you expect to thrive in areas with abundant moisture?

A) ferns only
B) mosses only
C) lycophytes only
D) mosses and ferns but not lycophytes
E) mosses, ferns, and lycophytes

Question 56

Which feature is believed to have been the first step in the evolution of land plants from the green algae?

A) protection of the embryo
B) evolution of vascular tissue
C) evolution of microphylls
D) evolution of seeds
E) evolution of flowers in order to attract pollinators