Deck 1: Atoms and Elements

Question 1

Which of the following is a nonmetal?

A)Lithium, Li, Z = 3
B)Bromine, Br, Z = 35
C)Mercury, Hg, Z = 80
D)Bismuth, Bi, Z = 83
E)Sodium, Na, Z = 11

Answer 1

Bromine, Br, Z = 35

Question 2

A row of the periodic table is called a(n)

A)group.
B)period.
C)isotopic mixture.
D)family.
E)subshell.

Answer 2

period.

Question 3

Almost all the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

When applying the scientific method, it is important to avoid any form of hypothesis.

Question 5

What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element? It also indicates the number of electrons in the atom.

A)Isotope number
B)Mass number
C)Mass-to-charge ratio
D)Atomic number
E)Atomic mass units

Question 6

The elements in a column of the periodic table are known as

A)metalloids.
B)a period.
C)noble gases.
D)a group.
E)nonmetals.

Question 7

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A)Carbon, C, Z = 6
B)Sulfur, S, Z = 16
C)Germanium, Ge, Z = 32
D)Iridium, Ir, Z = 77
E)Bromine, Br, Z = 35

Question 8

The mass of a neutron is equal to the mass of a proton plus the mass of an electron.

Question 9

Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that

A)protons are not evenly distributed throughout an atom.
B)electrons have a negative charge.
C)electrons have a positive charge.
D)atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
E)protons are 1840 times heavier than electrons.

Question 10

Which of these scientists developed the nuclear model of the atom?

A)John Dalton
B)Robert Millikan
C)J.J.Thomson
D)Henry Moseley
E)Ernest Rutherford

Question 11

Which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct?

A)Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with electrons
B)The proton and the neutron have identical masses.
C)The neutron's mass is equal to that of a proton plus an electron.
D)A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.
E)An atomic nucleus contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

Question 12

Which of the following is a metal?

A)Nitrogen, N, Z = 7
B)Phosphorus, P, Z = 15
C)Arsenic, As, Z = 33
D)Thallium, Tl, Z = 81
E)Silicon, Si, Z = 14

Question 13

In the periodic table, atoms are arranged in order of

A)increasing atomic mass.
B)increasing atomic number.
C)physical properties.
D)periodicity.
E)chemical reactivities.

Question 14

Who is credited with discovering the atomic nucleus?

A)Dalton
B)Gay-Lussac
C)Thomson
D)Chadwick
E)Rutherford

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an observation?

A)Gases expand as their temperature increases because the gas molecules are moving more rapidly.
B)Paraffin wax begins to melt at 57°C.
C)Three samples of wax are heated to 75°C.
D)The force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.
E)Will all waxes melt at the same temperature?

Question 16

Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha (α) particles and found that a small percentage of the particles were deflected.Which of the following was not accounted for by the model he proposed for the structure of the atom?

A)the small size of the nucleus
B)the charge on the nucleus
C)the total mass of the atom
D)the existence of protons
E)the presence of electrons outside the nucleus

Question 17

The elements in Group 7A are known by what name?

A)Transition metals
B)Halogens
C)Alkali metals
D)Alkaline earth metals
E)Noble gases

Question 18

What is a unifying principle that explains a body of experimental observations?

A)Law
B)Hypothesis
C)Theory
D)Phenomena
E)Prediction

Question 19

What is the term used for findings that are summarized based on a pattern or trend?

A)Law
B)Hypothesis
C)Theory
D)Phenomena
E)Prediction

Question 20

The elements in Group 2A are known by what name?

A)Transition metals
B)Halogens
C)Alkali metals
D)Alkaline earth metals
E)Noble gases

Question 21

Which of these elements exhibits chemical behavior similar to that of potassium?

A)magnesium
B)sodium
C)sulfur
D)chlorine
E)iron

Question 22

What element is represented by X in the atomic symbol notation ?

A)Iridium
B)Platinum
C)Palladium
D)Selenium
E)Magnesium

Question 23

Which element would be expected to have properties similar to calcium?

A)Ba
B)K
C)Sc
D)Na
E)Rb

Question 24

Determine the number of electrons and identify the correct symbol for an atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons.

A)17 electrons,
B)18 electrons,
C)17 electrons,
D)17 electrons,
E)18 electrons,

Question 25

Which element would be expected to have properties similar to antimony?

A)Se
B)Sn
C)P
D)As
E)Pb

Question 26

Which of these elements exhibits chemical behavior similar to that of silver?

A)nickel
B)gold
C)sulfur
D)chlorine
E)iron

Question 27

In what groups are transition metals located?

A)1A, 7A, and 1B
B)2A, 4A, and 7A
C)1B through 8B
D)2B and 3B through 6B
E)3A through 6A

Question 28

Which one of these elements is a transition element?

A)Sr
B)Pb
C)As
D)Fe
E)H

Question 29

Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for the isotope gold-118.The symbol for gold is Au.

A)118 protons, 118 electrons, 79 neutrons
B)79 protons, 79 electrons, 118 neutrons
C)79 protons, 79 electrons, 39 neutrons
D)118 protons, 118 electrons, 39 neutrons
E)79 protons, 39 electrons, 118 neutrons

Question 30

Which of these elements is chemically similar to magnesium?

A)Sulfur
B)Calcium
C)Iron
D)Nickel
E)Potassium

Question 31

Lead (Pb) is a main group element.

Question 32

Which of these elements exhibits chemical behavior similar to that of oxygen?

A)magnesium
B)sodium
C)sulfur
D)chlorine
E)iron

Question 33

Copper (Cu) is a transition metal.

Question 34

Which of these elements is chemically similar to oxygen?

A)Sulfur
B)Calcium
C)Iron
D)Nickel
E)Potassium

Question 35

Determine the number of protons and identify the correct symbol for an atom with 20 neutrons and 20 electrons.

A)20 protons,
B)20 protons,
C)20 protons,
D)40 protons,
E)40 protons,

Question 36

Which element would be expected to have properties similar to argon?

A)F
B)Cl
C)H
D)Br
E)Kr

Question 37

What elements and groups have properties that are most similar to those of chlorine?

A)F, Br, I, and nonmetals in Group 7A
B)Cl, K, C, and metals in Group 1B
C)N, P, As, and lanthanides
D)He, Ne, Xe, and nonmetals in Group 7A
E)O, S, and P

Question 38

Which one of these elements is a transition element?

A)Nickel
B)Tin
C)Sodium
D)Sulfur
E)Calcium

Question 39

The alkali metal elements are found in _______ of the periodic table.

A)Group 1A
B)Group 2A
C)Group 3A
D)Period 7
E)Period 1

Question 40

Which of these elements is chemically similar to potassium?

A)calcium
B)arsenic
C)phosphorus
D)cerium
E)cesium

Question 41

Silicon, which makes up about 25% of Earth's crust by mass, is used widely in the modern electronics industry.It has three naturally occurring isotopes, ²⁸Si, ²⁹Si, and ³⁰Si.Calculate the atomic mass of silicon. Isotope Isotopic Mass (amu)
Abudance
²⁸Si
%
27)976927
92)22
²⁹Si
28)976495
4)69
³⁰Si
29)973770
3)09

A)29.2252 amu
B)28.9757 amu
C)28.7260 amu
D)28.0855 amu
E)27.9801 amu

Question 42

Which isotope is not possible?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)All of these isotopes are possible.

Question 43

How many neutrons are there in an atom of lead whose mass number is 208?

A)82
B)126
C)208
D)290
E)none of them

Question 44

C(graphite) and C(diamond) are examples of:

A)isotopes of carbon.
B)allotropes of carbon.
C)the law of definite proportions.
D)different carbon ions.

Question 45

Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells, storage batteries, and in high-temperature lubricants.It has two naturally occurring isotopes, ⁶Li (isotopic mass = 6.015123 amu) and ⁷Li (isotopic mass = 7.016005 amu).Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.9412 amu.What is the percent abundance of lithium-6?

A)92.53%
B)86.65%
C)49.47%
D)7.47%
E)6.015%

Question 46

Bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature.Consider the isotope bromine-81, .Select the combination which lists the correct atomic number, number of neutrons, and mass number, respectively.

A)35, 46, 81
B)35, 81, 46
C)81, 46, 35
D)46, 81, 35
E)35, 81, 116

Question 47

Two isotopes of an element differ only in their

A)symbol.
B)atomic number.
C)atomic mass.
D)number of protons.
E)number of electrons.

Question 48

Give the number of protons (p), electrons (e), and neutrons (n) in one atom of chlorine-37.

A)37 p, 37 e, 17 n
B)17 p, 17 e, 37 n
C)17 p, 17 e, 20 n
D)37 p, 17 e, 20 n
E)17 p, 37 e, 17 n

Question 49

An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 consists of how many protons, neutrons, and electrons? (p = proton, n = neutron, e = electron)

A)15 p, 16 n, 15 e
B)16 p, 15 n, 16 e
C)16 p, 31 n, 16 e
D)32 p, 31 n, 32 e
E)16 p, 16 n, 15 e

Question 50

Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are called

A)ions.
B)neutrons.
C)chemical groups.
D)chemical families.
E)isotopes.