Deck 33: Gas Exchange and Transport in Animals

Question 1

Trace the path of inhaled air molecules.

A)Nasal cavity,glottis,larynx,trachea,pharynx,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli
B)Nasal cavity,pharynx,larynx,glottis,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli
C)Nasal cavity,pharynx,glottis,larynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli
D)Nasal cavity,pharynx,glottis,larynx,trachea,bronchioles,bronchi,alveoli
E)Nasal cavity,pharynx,glottis,trachea,larynx,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Air enters the nasal cavity and passes into the pharynx.It flows past the glottis and through the larynx,trachea,bronchi,and bronchioles,until reaching the air sacs called alveoli.See Figure 33.4.

Question 2

What will happen to a persons respiratory efficiency if they cannot form the pigment hemoglobin?

A)There will not be any change in their efficiency.
B)Their efficiency will increase and they will be able to carry more oxygen.
C)Their efficiency will decrease because they cannot carry as much carbon dioxide.
D)Their efficiency will increase because they will be able to carry more carbon dioxide.
E)Their efficiency will decrease because they will not be able to carry as much oxygen.

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Delivery of oxygen to the cells is promoted when the blood or the blood cells contain a respiratory pigment,such as hemoglobin.If a person lacks hemoglobin their respiratory efficiency would decrease because they cannot carry as much oxygen.

Question 3

If you were studying the gas exchange between blood and the tissue fluid you would be studying which of the following?

A)Pulmonary respiration
B)External respiration
C)Cellular respiration
D)Internal respiration
E)Ventilation

Answer 3

D
Explanation: Internal respiration is gas exchange between the blood and the tissue fluid.In other words,the body's cells exchange gases with the tissue fluid.

Question 4

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the human respiratory tract.What does "d" represent?

A)The larynx
B)The trachea
C)A bronchiole
D)The epiglottis
E)The pharynx

Question 5

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the human respiratory tract.What does "a" represent?

A)The larynx
B)The trachea
C)A bronchiole
D)The epiglottis
E)The pharynx

Question 6

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the human respiratory tract.What does "c" represent?

A)The larynx
B)The trachea
C)A bronchiole
D)The epiglottis
E)The pharynx

Question 7

Which organisms use their exoskeleton to protect their gills?

A)Earthworms
B)Shrimp
C)Bony fish
D)Birds
E)Hydras

Question 8

A biologist is counting the small holes on an insect's body which allow air to enter its respiratory system.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is counting which of the following?

A)Tracheoles
B)Alveoli
C)Spiracles
D)Tracheae
E)Air sacs

Question 9

(p.32.03: Explain how the tracheal system in insects accomplishes ventilation and exchange. )Ventilation in insects involves ___________ that can expand to draw air inside the animal.

A)Lungs
B)Gills
C)Tracheoles
D)Air sacs
E)Tracheae

Question 10

It is easier for animals to obtain oxygen from water than from air.

Question 11

If a person has a low red blood cell count,which stage of respiration would not be able to function efficiently?

A)Ventilation
B)External respiration
C)Internal respiration
D)Ventilation and external respiration
E)External and internal respiration

Question 12

The gas exchange between air and the blood within the lungs is referred to as:

A)Pulmonary respiration
B)External respiration
C)Cellular respiration
D)Internal respiration
E)Ventilation

Question 13

Which is not a function of the respiratory tract?

A)Warming incoming air before it reaches the lungs
B)Moistening incoming air
C)Filtering out dust and other particles
D)Conducting air with higher oxygen to the lungs and carbon dioxide out
E)Converting oxygen to carbon dioxide

Question 14

Which respiratory organ normally allows both air and food passage?

A)Bronchi
B)Trachea
C)Larynx
D)Pharynx
E)Nasal cavity

Question 15

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the human respiratory tract.What does "e" represent?

A)The larynx
B)The trachea
C)A bronchiole
D)The epiglottis
E)The pharynx

Question 16

If you were studying the countercurrent flow mechanism,which of the following organisms would you most likely be studying?

A)Clams
B)Crayfish
C)Fish
D)Squids
E)Amphibians

Question 17

Air that moves out during expiration has ________________ compared to air breathed in.

A)Warmed and gained moisture
B)Warmed and lost moisture
C)Cooled and gained moisture
D)Cooled and lost moisture
E)Neither cooled or warmed

Question 18

Which feature is not necessary in order for external respiration to be effective?

A)A thin surface areA.
B)A moist surface area.
C)A large surface area in relation to the body size.
D)A surface area that is external to the body.
E)A surface area that is vascular.

Question 19

Figure:
This figure shows the anatomy of the human respiratory tract.What does "b" represent?

A)The larynx
B)The trachea
C)A bronchiole
D)The epiglottis
E)The pharynx

Question 20

What physical process must take place in order for gas exchange to occur during respiration?

A)Diffusion
B)Osmosis
C)Cellular respiration
D)Fermentation
E)None of these are necessary in order for gas exchange to take placE.

Question 21

Which area will have the highest concentration of oxygen?

A)Atmosphere
B)Trachea
C)Alveoli
D)Tissue cells
E)Blood

Question 22

In humans,the lungs are caused to deflate when the:

A)Rib muscles contract
B)Diaphragm muscles contract
C)Rib muscles and diaphragm contract
D)Diaphragm relaxes
E)Rib muscles and diaphragm relax

Question 23

The Adam's apple is actually a part of the:

A)Pharynx
B)Larynx
C)Glottis
D)Vocal cords
E)Trachea

Question 24

Oxygen-poor blood becomes oxygen-rich blood in the:

A)Trachea
B)Bronchi
C)Bronchioles
D)Alveoli
E)Larynx

Question 25

Aortic and carotid bodies are:

A)The same as the SA and AV nodes
B)Types of valves in the heart
C)Present in the lungs
D)Sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions in the blood
E)Sensitive to oxygen changes

Question 26

A biologist is studying the chemical factor which primarily controls the rate of breathing.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)Oxygen concentration
B)Carbon dioxide concentration
C)Hemoglobin concentration
D)Nitrogen concentration
E)The acidity of the blood

Question 27

A biologist is studying organisms that have a one-way ventilation mechanism.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying:

A)Mammals
B)Birds
C)Reptiles
D)Amphibians
E)Earthworms

Question 28

The greatest surface area for gas exchange is located within the:

A)Trachea
B)Bronchi
C)Bronchioles
D)Alveoli
E)Pharynx

Question 29

Expired air will contain _________ than inspired air.

A)Less oxygen but more carbon dioxide
B)Less oxygen and less carbon dioxide
C)More oxygen and more carbon dioxide
D)More oxygen but less carbon dioxide
E)The same amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 30

The vocal cords are found in the:

A)Bronchi
B)Nose
C)Larynx
D)Lungs
E)Pharynx

Question 31

The breathing rate is controlled by chemoreceptors that detect:

A)Levels of oxygen in the alveolar space
B)Levels of oxygen in the blood
C)Levels of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air space
D)Levels of hydrogen ions in the blood
E)Conscious control in the brain

Question 32

During inspiration the diaphragm contracts and moves down.

Question 33

Which association is not correct?

A)Larynx-voice box
B)Trachea-windpipe
C)Alveoli-gas exchange
D)Pharynx-vocal cords
E)Hair and mucous-nasal passages

Question 34

When we eat dinner,what structure prevents food from entering the respiratory system instead of the digestive system?

A)Pharynx
B)Larynx
C)Glottis
D)Alveoli
E)Epiglottis

Question 35

If a person has a large piece of food lodged in their pharynx blocking the glottis,what can be done to ensure that they can still breathe?

A)Push your fingers down their throat in an attempt to grab the piece of food.
B)Have the person eat a large piece of bread to see if they can push the blocked food down into the esophagus.
C)Tell them to breathe through their nose so that the air will go around the blockage.
D)Make a small incision in the trachea,just beneath the larynx.
E)Give them an oxygen mask that has a high concentration of pure oxygen.

Question 36

Which part of the respiratory system is composed of C-shaped cartilaginous rings and cilia?

A)Pharynx
B)Larynx
C)Trachea
D)Bronchioles
E)Alveoli

Question 37

In humans,the lungs are caused to inflate when the:

A)Rib muscles contract
B)Diaphragm muscles contract
C)Rib muscles and diaphragm contract
D)Diaphragm relaxes
E)Rib muscles and diaphragm relax

Question 38

If you were studying the part of the brain responsible for controlling the rhythm of ventilation you would be studying:

A)The frontal lobe
B)The occipital lobe
C)The medulla oblongata
D)The hypothalamus
E)The temporal lobe

Question 39

When air moves in and out by the same route it is referred to as:

A)Inspiration ventilation
B)Intercostal ventilation
C)Expiratory ventilation
D)Tidal ventilation
E)Diaphragm ventilation

Question 40

Which of the following parts of the respiratory system that has the least amount of cartilage and the thinnest wall?

A)Bronchiole
B)Trachea
C)Bronchi
D)Larynx
E)Pharynx

Question 41

Oxygen is transported in blood most efficiently by:

A)Being dissolved in plasma
B)Chemical conversion to water
C)Combining with hemoglobin
D)Combining with carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate ions
E)A free oxygen radical

Question 42

What would occur if a person had a respiratory illness that caused the lungs to have a lower PO₂ and a higher PCO₂ than the blood in pulmonary capillaries?

A)The oxygen would not be able to move from the alveoli in the lungs to the bloodstream resulting in a decrease in energy levels in the body.
B)The carbon dioxide would not be able to move from the alveoli in the lungs to the bloodstream resulting in no exchange of gases.
C)There would be an increase exchange of carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the capillaries.This would result in large amounts of carbon dioxide moving into the alveoli.
D)There would be an increase exchange of oxygen between the alveoli and the capillaries.This would result in large amounts of oxygen moving into the bloodstream.
E)The change in PO₂ and PCO₂ levels would not have any impact on the rate of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries.

Question 43

If you were studying where in the body carbon dioxide levels would be found in the highest concentration you would be studying which of the following?

A)The pharynx
B)The trachea
C)The alveoli
D)The tissue cells
E)The larynx

Question 44

If a biologist was studying the function of carbonic anhydrase he or she would be studying which of the following?

A)A digestive enzyme
B)Something which is dissolved in plasma
C)An enzyme that speeds up the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water
D)An enzyme that speeds up the conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen
E)An enzyme that speeds up the conversion of oxyhemoglobin

Question 45

Which is the correct equation showing what happens when blood enters the lungs under normal circumstances?

A)Hydrogen ions + bicarbonate ion $\rarr$ water + carbon dioxide $\rarr$ carbonic acid
B)Hydrogen ions + bicarbonate ion $\rarr$ carbonic acid $\rarr$ water + carbon dioxide
C)Water + carbon dioxide $\rarr$ hydrogen ions + bicarbonate ion $\rarr$ carbonic acid
D)Water + carbon dioxide $\rarr$ carbonic acid $\rarr$ hydrogen ions + bicarbonate ion
E)Hydrogen ions + carbon dioxide $\rarr$ carbonic acid $\rarr$ water + bicarbonate ion

Question 46

If a person suffers a spinal cord injury in which the phrenic nerve is no longer functioning,what is their greatest concern?

A)If the phrenic nerve is not functioning the diaphragm will not contract which is responsible for decreasing the pressure in the lungs.This is what will cause atmospheric air to rush into the lungs.
B)If the phrenic nerve is not functioning the intercostal muscles will not contract which is responsible for decreasing the pressure in the lungs.This is what will cause atmospheric air to rush into the lungs.
C)If the phrenic nerve is not functioning the diaphragm will not contract which is responsible for increasing the pressure in the lungs.This is what will cause atmospheric air to rush out of the lungs.
D)If the phrenic nerve is not functioning the intercostal muscles will not contract which is responsible for increasing the pressure in the lungs.This is what will cause atmospheric air to rush into the lungs.
E)If the phrenic nerve is not functioning the intercostal muscles will not contract which is responsible for increasing the pressure in the lungs.This is what will cause atmospheric air to rush out of the lungs.

Question 47

A biologist is studying the combination between carbon dioxide and hemoglobin.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)Carbonic hemoglobin
B)Oxyhemoglobin
C)Bicarbonate hemoglobin
D)Carbon dioxide hemoglobin
E)Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 48

Blood richest in oxygen is found in the:

A)Inferior vena cava
B)Superior vena cava
C)Pulmonary arteries
D)Pulmonary veins
E)Systemic capillaries

Question 49

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood occurs by the process of:

A)Diffusion
B)Osmosis
C)Filtration
D)Active transport
E)Ionic bonding

Question 50

An athlete is trying to increase her aerobic conditioning by training more.Which aspect of respiration can she improve upon by exercising more?

A)Ventilation
B)Internal respiration
C)External respiration
D)Both internal and external respiration
E)Both ventilation and external respiration

Question 51

A biologist is studying the form by which most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the plasma.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which of the following?

A)Gas bubbles
B)Oxyhemoglobin
C)Bicarbonate ions
D)Carbaminohemoglobin
E)Carbon monoxide

Question 52

Within hemoglobin,which atom forms the association with the oxygen?

A)Carbon
B)Hydrogen
C)Iron
D)Calcium
E)Magnesium

Question 53

Which aspect of respiration does not involve gas exchange?

A)Ventilation
B)External respiration
C)Internal respiration
D)Ventilation or external respiration
E)Ventilation or internal respiration

Question 54

During countercurrent flow which direction does water and the blood flow?

A)Water flows out of the gills while blood flows in the opposite direction
B)Water flows in through the gills while blood flows in the opposite direction
C)Water flows out of the gills while blood flows in the same direction
D)Water flows inward across the gills while blood flows in the same direction
E)Water flows across the surface of the lungs while blood flows in the opposite direction

Question 55

Which of the following reactions occurs when someone is hyperventilating?

A)The additional oxygen entering the system will bind with deoxyhemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.This will place an excess of hydrogen ions into the bloodstream.These will combine with bicarbonate ion forming carbonic acid.The carbonic acid will breakdown into carbon dioxide and water.The resulting decrease in hydrogen ion concentration in the blood can lead to alkalosis.
B)The additional oxygen entering the system will bind with deoxyhemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.This will place an excess of hydrogen ions into the bloodstream.These will combine with bicarbonate ion forming carbonic acid.The carbonic acid will breakdown into carbon dioxide and water.The resulting decrease in hydrogen ion concentration in the blood can lead to acidosis.
C)The additional oxygen entering the system will bind with the hydrogen ions forming water.An excess of water will begin to accumulate in the cells causing them to swell and potentially rupture.
D)The additional oxygen entering the system will bind with deoxyhemoglobin to form carbonic aciD.The carbonic acid will breakdown into carbon dioxide and water.the resulting decrease in hydrogen ion concentration in the blood can decrease the blood pH.
E)The additional oxygen entering the system will bind with deoxyhemoglobin to form carbonic acid.The carbonic acid will breakdown into carbon dioxide and water.the resulting decrease in hydrogen ion concentration in the blood can increase the blood pH.

Question 56

In an attempt to maintain organic growing standards a peach farmer has decided to use an dormant spray on his crop to prevent an infestation of insects.The dormant spray is a natural oil that will be sprayed on the insects.What is the most accurate description of what will happen to the insects once they are coated with the oil?

A)As the oil coats the insects their spiracles will become plugged.This will prevent oxygen from reaching the tracheae,tracheoles and eventually exchanging gases with the cells.
B)As the oil coats the insects their tracheoles will become plugged.This will prevent oxygen from reaching the cells and exchanging gases.
C)The oil will cause the insects body temperature to increase.This will cause the insect to dehydrate and eventually die.
D)The oil will prevent the insect from being able to hold onto the peach trees and feeD.They will eventually all starve to death.
E)The oil will slow down the movement of the insects enabling predators to catch them easier.The predators will reduce the insect population so mush that it is not a threat to the peach orchard.