Deck 23: Transport and Nutrition in Plants

Question 1

After an injury or pruning,some plants appear to "bleed" as water exudes from the site,mainly due to what?

A)leaf pressure
B)stem pressure
C)transpiration
D)cohesion-tension
E)root pressure

Answer 1

E
Explanation: Water entering root cells creates a positive (internal)pressure compared to the water in the surrounding soil.Cohesion-tension is not responsible,since when the water column within xylem breaks,the water column "snaps back" down the xylem vessel away from the site of breakage,making it more difficult for conduction to occur.

Question 2

Which of the following is the process by which water is pulled up in a plant?

A)Root pressure
B)Transpiration
C)Guttation
D)Cohesion
E)Adhesion

Answer 2

B
Explanation: When the stomata are open,the cells of the spongy mesophyll layer are exposed to the air,which contains less water than the leaf does.Water then evaporates as a gas or vapor from the spongy layer into the intercellular spaces.Evaporation of water through leaf stomata is called transpiration.The water molecules that evaporate from cells into the spaces of spongy mesophyll are replaced by other water molecules from the leaf veins.Because water molecules are cohesive,transpiration exerts a pulling force,or tension,that draws the water column through the xylem to replace the water lost by leaf cells.

Question 3

Phloem generally transports sugar from the leaves to the roots.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: Phloem transports the products of photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the plant,including the roots.

Question 4

If you were studying the mechanism which moves water up the stem,what would be of the least interest?

A)transpiration
B)root pressure
C)cohesion
D)adhesion
E)pressure-flow

Question 5

In the root,water enters the xylem primarily by which mechanism?

A)root pressure
B)transpiration
C)cohesion
D)osmosis
E)adhesion

Question 6

Which cells belong to the phloem?

A)xylem
B)vessel elements
C)palisade mesophyll cells
D)tracheids
E)sieve-tube members

Question 7

Which of the following gives the water column in the stem of plants extra strength and prevents the water from slipping back?

A)adhesion
B)root pressure
C)cohesion
D)stem pressure
E)transpiration

Question 8

The tendency of water molecules to cling together is referred to as:

A)hydroponics
B)adhesion
C)transpiration
D)cohesion
E)guttation

Question 9

The waxy covering of the upper and lower epidermis which is found in some plants is known as the

A)cuticle.
B)stomata.
C)guard cells.
D)phloem sap.
E)Casparian strip.

Question 10

Which cells are part of the xylem?

A)tracheids
B)sieve-tube cells
C)sieve-tube members
D)guard cells
E)companion cells

Question 11

The build up of root pressure which forces water up the root mostly takes place under which of the following conditions?

A)during bright sunny days
B)during the night
C)during cloudy days
D)only on rainy days
E)only when the soil is dry

Question 12

A plant physiologist is studying the evaporation of water through the stomata of leaves,a study of

A)cohesion.
B)adhesion.
C)transpiration.
D)root pressure.
E)hydroponics.

Question 13

If you were examining long,tubular vascular tissue cells with perforated plates at each end,which are responsible for transporting water,you would be looking at

A)sieve-tube members.
B)tracheids.
C)companion cells.
D)spongy mesophyll cells.
E)vessel elements.

Question 14

If you were studying the process by which drops of water are forced out of the vein endings along the edge of leaves you would be studying

A)transpiration.
B)cohesion.
C)guttation.
D)pressure-flow.
E)phloem sap production.

Question 15

Xylem sap includes water,but phloem sap does not.

Question 16

Water is transported in vascular plants through which of the following?

A)sieve-tube members
B)spongy mesophyll
C)companion cells
D)xylem
E)phloem

Question 17

With the aid of a microscope you are examining the cells which border a stoma and regulate its opening and closing,which are

A)xylem cells.
B)Casparian cells.
C)guard cells.
D)mesophyll cells.
E)tracheid cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is responsible for providing proteins to the sieve-tube members in plants?

A)tracheids
B)companion cells
C)spongy mesophyll
D)guard cells
E)pallisade mesophyll

Question 19

Which of the following is the vascular tissue which transports organic nutrients to all parts of the plant?

A)xylem
B)vessel elements
C)phloem
D)spongy mesophyll
E)palisade mesophyll

Question 20

Which statement would be true for transport in the blood of a mammal but not about the cohesion-tension model?

A)It is carried out in the xylem.
B)It moves water upward.
C)It depends on cohesion.
D)It uses lots of energy.
E)It relies on a water column.

Question 21

A mineral is an inorganic substance which usually contains two or more elements.

Question 22

Which factor is irrelevant for the opening of stomates?

A)oxygen concentrations
B)presence of light
C)carbon dioxide concentrations
D)abscisic acid
E)water availability

Question 23

Water can enter into the plant through the epidermal cells of the _____________.

A)root nodules
B)root cuticle
C)root guard cells
D)root hairs
E)root stomata

Question 24

Figure:
This figure shows the pathways of water and mineral uptake by the roots.What does "a" represent?

A)apoplast route
B)root hairs
C)symplast route
D)vascular cylinder
E)endodermis and Casparian strip

Question 25

Which of the following is the first step in the pressure-flow model?

A)Water enters the phloem by osmosis.
B)Positive pressure must build up.
C)Water actively enters the phloem.
D)Negative pressure must build up.
E)Sugar is actively transported into the phloem.

Question 26

After the sugar has been moved to the sink within a plant,

A)it is actively transported out of the sieve-tube.
B)it remains within the phloem.
C)it move out of the phloem by osmosis.
D)it moves out of the phloem by diffusion.
E)it mixes with water.

Question 27

Figure:
This figure shows the pathways of water and mineral uptake by the roots.What does "d" represent?

A)symplast route
B)root hairs
C)apoplast route
D)vascular cylinder
E)endodermis and Casparian strip

Question 28

Which statements about phytoremediation is least accurate?

A)Microbes help in the process.
B)Plants absorb inorganic contaminants.
C)Plants must be harvested and disposed of to remove contaminants from the soil.
D)Some of the material may remain in the soil and water.
E)Plants in general can absorb large amounts of heavy metals like lead.

Question 29

Which of the following is a macronutrient rather than a micronutrient?

A)Molybdenum (Mo)
B)Boron (B)
C)Manganese (Mn)
D)Chlorine (Cl)
E)Calcium (Ca)

Question 30

Guard cells open a stoma because

A)potassium ions move out of the guard cells followed by water moving out.
B)potassium ions move into the guard cells followed by water moving in.
C)potassium ions move out of the guard cells followed by water moving in.
D)potassium ions move into the guard cells followed by water moving out.
E)water moving into the guard cells followed by potassium ions moving out.

Question 31

A plant physiologist is trying to determine which nutrients are essential to the growth of plants,so the best method to use would be

A)guttation.
B)girdling.
C)pressure-flow.
D)cohesion-tension.
E)hydroponics.

Question 32

If you were studying the water-proofing strip which surrounds the cells of the endodermis and forces water to pass through the cells of the endodermis instead of around them you would be studying

A)the cuticle.
B)the casparian strip.
C)the guard cells.
D)the xylem sap.
E)the companion cells.

Question 33

A plant physiologist is studying the movement of organic molecules throughout the phloem of plants,leading you to say that the study is about

A)the cohesion-tension model.
B)the root pressure model.
C)the pressure-flow model.
D)the transpiration model.
E)the adhesion-tension model.

Question 34

The absorption of toxic substances by plants is referred to as phytoremediation.

Question 35

Which of the following is a micronutrient rather than a macronutrient?

A)Nitrogen (N)
B)Phosphorus (P)
C)Potassium (K)
D)Zinc (Zn)
E)Carbon (C)

Question 36

The removal of a strip of bark from around a tree is known as:

A)hydroponics
B)phytoremediation
C)girdling
D)Casparian stripping
E)guttation

Question 37

Sugar is produced in ____________ and then moves to _________________.

A)the roots;the stem
B)a source;a sink
C)a source;the stem
D)the roots;the leaves
E)a sink;a source

Question 38

The contents of the phloem always move down the stem of the plant.

Question 39

A plant physiologist is studying the mechanism by which the stomata open and close,which means that what is being studied?

A)root pressure
B)turgor pressure
C)leaf pressure
D)xylem pressure
E)phloem pressure

Question 40

If you were a plant physiologist studying inorganic nutrients which plants need in large quantities you would be studying

A)micronutrients.
B)sugars and starches.
C)macronutrients.
D)water.
E)essential elements.

Question 41

If a plant physiologist is studying the mechanism by which minerals are taken in by the roots,that would be a study of what?

A)diffusion
B)ATP driven proton pump
C)osmosis
D)facilitated diffusion
E)ATP driven diffusion

Question 42

Orchid seeds need a mycorrhizal fungus for germination.

Question 43

A biologist is studying the organisms which live in the root nodules found in plants which are called

A)fungi.
B)protists.
C)small parasitic plants.
D)insects.
E)bacteria.

Question 44

A vertical section of soil,from the ground surface to the unaltered rock is referred to as

A)a soil gradient.
B)a soil column.
C)a soil strip.
D)a soil profile.
E)a soil mixturE.

Question 45

Which statement about mycorrhizae is least correct?

A)The fungus increases the surface area available for mineral and water uptake.
B)About half of plants lack mycorrhizae.
C)The fungus breaks down organic matter in soil,releasing nutrients that the plant can use.
D)The plant root furnishes the fungus with sugars and amino acids.
E)The mycorrhizal relationship is mutualistic.

Question 46

Figure:
This figure shows the pathways of water and mineral uptake by the roots.What does "e" represent?

A)symplast route
B)root hairs
C)apoplast route
D)vascular cylinder
E)endodermis and Casparian strip

Question 47

Parasitic plants penetrate other plants and steal nutrients from their hosts.

Question 48

If you were studying a soil containing a high percentage of decomposing organic matter you would be studying

A)humus.
B)sand.
C)silt.
D)clay.
E)leaching.

Question 49

Figure:
This figure shows the pathways of water and mineral uptake by the roots.What does "b" represent?

A)symplast route
B)root hairs
C)apoplast route
D)vascular cylinder
E)endodermis and Casparian strip

Question 50

Which of the following would you expect to find growing in areas where nutrients are lacking,especially nitrogen?

A)Venus flytrap
B)legumes
C)redwoods
D)orchids
E)wheat