Deck 20: Evolution of Animals

Question 1

In the lifecycle of Ascaris,the final place of residence of the adult worm is

A)the lungs of a human.
B)the liver of humans.
C)the intestine of humans.
D)the circulatory system of humans.
E)under the skin of humans.

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Ascaris larvae settle in the intestine,where they mature and feed on the intestinal contents.

Question 2

Which of the following have a true coelom?

A)Planarian
B)Fluke
C)Roundworm
D)Tapeworm
E)Mollusc

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Molluscs,along with annelids,arthropods,echinoderms,and chordates,are coelomate animals.

Question 3

The more closely related two organisms are the fewer nucleotide sequences they will have in common.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: When utilizing molecular data,it is assumed that the more closely related two organisms are,the more DNA base sequences they will have in common.

Question 4

If you were an instructor grading an exam containing all of these statements about sponges,which would you mark wrong?

A)Water enters through a single cavity,the osculum.
B)Flagellated collar cells move water.
C)They are sessile filter feeders.
D)They reproduce sexually and asexually.
E)They have flagellated larva.

Question 5

Which infection is caused by a group other than roundworms?

A)Hookworms
B)Trichinosis
C)Elephantiasis
D)Tapeworm
E)Pinworms

Question 6

Which statement is least distinctive of the Cnidarians?

A)They have radial symmetry.
B)They have a digestive system.
C)They have two body forms: polyp and medusa.
D)They capture their prey.
E)They live in salt and fresh water.

Question 7

Which of the following terms would not be associated with flatworms?

A)Bilateral symmetry
B)Cephalization
C)Sessile
D)Hermaphrodite
E)Acoelomate

Question 8

Humans belong to which phylum?

A)Echinoderms
B)Arthropods
C)Chordates
D)Cnidarians
E)Annelids

Question 9

If the cells of a sponge are mechanically separated by a coarse cloth bag,the cells then

A)reproduce sexually.
B)die from being separated.
C)form spicules in the pattern of the cloth.
D)go back to primitive cells and soon differentiate.
E)reassemble into a new organized sponge with each cell resuming its original job.

Question 10

The hypothesis of animal origins which states that animals are descended from an ancestor which resembled a hollow,spherical colony of flagellated cells is referred to as

A)the colonial flagellate hypothesis.
B)the cephalization hypothesis.
C)the eucoelomate hypothesis.
D)the multinucleate hypothesis.
E)the segmentation hypothesis.

Question 11

Which statement applies only to groups other than animals?

A)They are chemoheterotrophs.
B)They are multicellular and unicellular.
C)They undergo developmental stages that produce specialized tissues and organs.
D)They usually reproduce sexually.
E)They have muscles and nerves which give them movement and coordination.

Question 12

A biologist is studying stinging cells called nematocysts,implying that this study involves which animals?

A)Sponges
B)Flatworms
C)Roundworms
D)Cnidarians
E)Snails

Question 13

If you were a scientist studying animals that have their body cavity incompletely lined with mesoderm,you would be studying

A)eucoelomates.
B)pseudocoelomates.
C)segmented worms.
D)protostomes.
E)acoelomates.

Question 14

If you were infected with a tapeworm,which kind of worm would be growing inside you?

A)flatworm
B)fluke
C)roundworm
D)earthworm
E)polychaete worm

Question 15

A localization of a brain and specialized sensory organs in the anterior end of the animal's "head" is called

A)bilateral symmetry.
B)segmentation.
C)homology.
D)cephalization.
E)eucoelomatE.

Question 16

A __________ of a tapeworm contains both male and female sex organs and becomes filled with developing embryos.

A)proglottid
B)scolex
C)cyst
D)gastrovascular cavity
E)nematocyst

Question 17

Animals which have definite right and left halves are said to have

A)radial symmetry.
B)spherical symmetry.
C)bilateral symmetry.
D)trilateral symmetry.
E)asymmetry.

Question 18

The anterior region of a tapeworm,which bears hooks and suckers for attachment to the intestinal wall of the host,is termed the

A)cnidocyte.
B)flame cell.
C)hermaphrodite.
D)scolex.
E)proglottid.

Question 19

The symptoms of elephantiasis,such as extreme swelling of the arms and legs of the body,result from

A)cysts in the muscles.
B)blockage of lymph vessels preventing drainage of lymph.
C)larvae in the intestine of the body.
D)larvae living under the skin.
E)the head of the tapeworm blocking the circulatory system.

Question 20

From earliest to latest,which is the correct order of the significant innovations in the evolutionary tree of animals?

A)true tissue germ layers,multicellular,bilateral symmetry,eucoelom,body cavity,segmentation,jointed limbs
B)bilateral symmetry,true tissue germ layers,multicellular,body cavity,eucoelom,segmentation,jointed limbs
C)body cavity,bilateral symmetry,true tissue germ layers,multicellular,eucoelom,jointed limbs segmentation
D)multicellular,body cavity,true tissue germ layers,bilateral symmetry,jointed limbs segmentation,eucoelom
E)multicellular,true tissue germ layers,bilateral symmetry,body cavity,eucoelom,segmentation,jointed limbs

Question 21

If you were studying animals which have a mantle,visceral mass,and a foot,you would be studying

A)annelids.
B)echinoderms.
C)arthropods.
D)molluscs.
E)chordates.

Question 22

Which animal is classified outside the echinoderms?

A)sea urchin
B)sea squirt
C)sea cucumber
D)sea star
E)sand dollar

Question 23

If you were studying characteristics of the class osteichthyes,you wouldn't need information on what?

A)the swim bladder.
B)a cartilaginous skeleton.
C)fins supported by bony spikes.
D)scales.
E)the lateral line system.

Question 24

The major insect body parts are

A)head,cephalothorax,and abdomen.
B)cephalothorax,midsection,and abdomen.
C)head,thorax,and abdomen.
D)head,pyothorax,and metathorax.
E)cephalothorax and abdomen.

Question 25

Which statement is true of at least some arthropods other than arachnids?

A)They have no antennae.
B)Spiders and scorpions are examples of arachnids.
C)They have three body parts.
D)They have fours pairs of walking legs.
E)Some are parasitic and some are predators.

Question 26

If you found the following statements about advantages of having a coelom in an answer on a test,which would you mark wrong?

A)
It provides free body movements due to the coelom.
B)It provides more space for organs to develop.
C)It helps organisms such as flatworms and roundworms move.
D)The coelomic fluid protects internal organs.
E)It can assist in the storage and transport of substances.

Question 27

Figure:
This figure shows the four chordate characteristics.What does "a" represent?

A)notochord
B)vertebral column
C)dorsal tubular nerve cord
D)pharyngeal pouches
E)postanal tail

Question 28

If you were studying animals which have a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm such as molluscs and arthropods,you would be studying

A)coelomates.
B)deuterostomes.
C)radial symmetry.
D)acoelomates.
E)pseudocoelomates.

Question 29

Figure:
This figure shows the four chordate characteristics.What does "b" represent?

A)pharyngeal pouches
B)vertebral column
C)notochord
D)postanal tail
E)dorsal tubular nerve cord

Question 30

Which marine food source falls outside the Molluscs?

A)Clams
B)Squids
C)Lobsters
D)Nautiluses
E)Snails

Question 31

Which characteristic falls outside the earthworms?

A)segmentation
B)complete digestive system
C)hermaphroditic
D)nephridia to remove waste
E)dorsal hollow nerve cord

Question 32

You are walking along a beach and find an animal which has a hard exoskeleton,five pairs of walking legs,and compound eyes.Based on this information the animal you found was

A)an arachnid.
B)an insect.
C)a centipede.
D)a crustacean.
E)a millipedE.

Question 33

A study of chordates in general,as opposed to particular groups of chordates,would exclude what characteristic?

A)postanal tail
B)dorsal tubular nerve cord
C)pharyngeal pouches
D)vertebral column
E)notochord

Question 34

A marine biologist is studying a marine worm which has a pair of strong chitinous jaws and a well-defined head region with eyes and other sensory organs.Based on this information,you would conclude that this marine biologist is studying

A)oligochaetes.
B)polychaetes.
C)roundworms.
D)leeches.
E)flatworms.

Question 35

If a biologist is studying the locomotion of echinoderms,which of the following structures would he or she be studying?

A)nephridia
B)flame cells
C)radula
D)notochord
E)water vascular system

Question 36

Figure:
This figure shows the four chordate characteristics.What does "c" represent?

A)dorsal tubular nerve cord
B)pharyngeal pouches
C)notochord
D)vertebral column
E)postanal tail

Question 37

Organisms in which the mouth appears at or near the blastopore are referred to as

A)acoelomates.
B)deuterostomes.
C)pseudocoelomates.
D)coelomates.
E)protostomes.

Question 38

Figure:
This figure shows the four chordate characteristics.What does "d" represent?

A)pharyngeal pouches
B)vertebral column
C)notochord
D)postanal tail
E)dorsal tubular nerve cord

Question 39

(p.19.06-19.10: Among the protostomes,compare and contrast the trochozoa: flatworms,molluscs,and annelids. )Which marine creature is a cephalopod?

A)Clam
B)Oyster
C)Squid
D)Nudibranch
E)Snail

Question 40

Which would be a surprising innovation in a newly discovered shark?

A)ability to sense electric currents in the water
B)skeleton of cartilage
C)a sucker used to attach to prey
D)ability to sense pressure of other swimming objects
E)belongs to the class chondrichthyes

Question 41

Which animal would be excluded from a study of reptiles?

A)turtles
B)snakes
C)frogs
D)lizards
E)crocodiles

Question 42

Figure:
This figure shows the parts of the amniotic egg.What does "e" represent?

A)structure where gas exchange occurs
B)structure which stores waste
C)structure which protects from the environment
D)structure which removes nitrogenous waste
E)structure which stores nutrients

Question 43

Figure:
This figure shows the parts of the amniotic egg.What does "a" represent?

A)embryo
B)allantois
C)yolk sac
D)amnion
E)chorion

Question 44

Figure:
This figure shows the parts of the amniotic egg.What does "b" represent?

A)yolk sac
B)embryo
C)amnion
D)allantois
E)chorion

Question 45

Which feature existed before the adaptation of reptiles for life on land?

A)hard,horny scales
B)internal fertilization
C)shelled egg
D)ectothermic physiology
E)more advanced skeleton

Question 46

Which of these characteristics first developed in reptiles?

A)amniotic egg
B)scales on the skin
C)a four-legged body
D)a skull and vertebral column
E)animals living on land

Question 47

Figure:
This figure shows the parts of the amniotic egg.What does "d" represent?

A)embryo
B)allantois
C)yolk sac
D)amnion
E)chorion

Question 48

The amphibians' unique contribution to the evolution of land vertebrates was

A)respiration by gills.
B)respiration through the skin.
C)the leathery waterproof egg shell.
D)the development of the tail for propulsion.
E)the ability to move onto land.

Question 49

A biologist is studying mammals which lay eggs,implying study of what organisms?

A)marsupials
B)placental mammals
C)monotremes
D)rodents
E)whales and dolphins

Question 50

Tetrapods evolved from which of the following groups?

A)ray-finned fishes
B)cartilaginous fishes
C)jawless fishes
D)amphibians
E)lobe-finned fishes