Deck 11: Molecular Biology of Inheritance

Question 1

The enzyme that is used to join successive DNA nucleotides together is which?

A)DNA polymerase
B)Lipase
C)RNA polymerase
D)Ribozyme
E)Helicase

Answer 1

A
Explanation: The steps in DNA replication are unwinding,complementary base pairing,and joining.DNA polymerase is the enzyme used in pairing and joining.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about DNA rather than RNA?

A)RNA transfers messages from DNA to ribosomes.
B)RNA contains the sugar ribose.
C)RNA is single stranded.
D)RNA contains the sugar ribose.
E)RNA contains adenine,guanine,uracil,and cytosinE.

Answer 2

B D
Explanation: DNA,not RNA,forms a double helix structure.

Question 3

Which nucleotide is found in RNA rather than DNA?

A)thymine
B)adenine
C)uracil
D)cytosine
E)guanine

Answer 3

C
Explanation: DNA nucleotide contains one of four bases cytosine,thymine,adenine,or guanine.

Question 4

The scientists credited,in the popular imagination,with the discovery of the helical structure of DNA are

A)Hershey and Chase.
B)Watson and Crick.
C)Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.
D)Edwin Chargaff.
E)Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel.

Question 5

The X-ray diffraction of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins was critical evidence

A)that indicated that DNA has a double helix structure.
B)that showed that the bases of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds.
C)that showed that there was an equal numbers of purines and pyrimidines in DNA.
D)that showed the location of each adenine,guanine,cytosine,and thymine.
E)that revealed the structure of deoxyribose sugar.

Question 6

Which characteristic is least important for a model genetic organism?

A)produces many offspring
B)small size
C)diploid state
D)small genome
E)short generation time

Question 7

During DNA replication,which enzyme is responsible for unzipping and unwinding the original molecule of DNA?

A)DNA polymerase
B)DNA ligase
C)helicase
D)DNA primer
E)RNA polymerase

Question 8

In semiconservative DNA replication,each new double helix formed will have

A)three new strands in one helix and three old strands in the second helix.
B)one new strand and one old strand in each helix.
C)two new strands and two old strands in each helix.
D)two new and one old strand in one helix and two old and one new in the second helix.
E)only new strands in each helix.

Question 9

Which statement,if true,would lead to serious problems in DNA replication?

A)Unwinding of the DNA molecules occurs as hydrogen bonds break.
B)The process is known as semiconservative replication because one old strand is conserved in the new molecule.
C)Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it.
D)Complementary base pairs are held together with hydrogen bonds.
E)The enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication is DNA polymerasE.

Question 10

Although DNA replication of one cell involves billions of nucleotides,why is this process so accurate?

A)DNA primers can replace any mistakes in base-pairing
B)RNA polymerase corrects any mistakes before doing RNA transcription
C)Unwinding the double helix would remove any mistakes in base-pairing.
D)DNA polymerase proofreads and corrects mistakes in base-pairing.
E)Semiconservative replication means that the process is very careful and conservativE.

Question 11

What aspect of the DNA structure allows to have so much genetic variability?

A)All organisms follow Chargaff's rules of A =T and G =C.
B)The bases connected to the sugar-phosphate backbone can be in any order.
C)The nucleotides are joined and produces a sugar-phosphate backbone.
D)There are 4 different nucleotide building blocks.
E)There is complementary base pairing between the two strands.

Question 12

Figure:
In this figure showing DNA replication,what does "B" represent?

A)the completed DNA region
B)the template strand
C)the new strand
D)the replication region
E)the parental DNA region

Question 13

Which of the following nitrogenous bases are correctly paired?

A)adenine-uracil;guanine-cytosine
B)adenine-cytosine;guanine-thymine
C)adenine-thymine;guanine-cytosine
D)adenine-adenine;guanine-guanine
E)adenine-guanine;thymine-cytosine

Question 14

Figure:
In this figure showing DNA replication,what does "E" represent?

A)the parental DNA region
B)the new strand
C)the replication region
D)the template strand
E)the completed DNA region

Question 15

A biologist study the process of how DNA copying is studying what process?

A)DNA elongation
B)DNA replication
C)DNA transcription
D)DNA translocation
E)DNA polymerase

Question 16

Figure:
In this figure showing DNA replication,what does "A" represent?

A)the parental DNA region
B)the replication region
C)the completed DNA region
D)the new strand
E)the template strand

Question 17

Which nucleotide is found in DNA rather than DRNA?

A)guanine
B)uracil
C)thymine
D)adenine
E)cytosine

Question 18

Which of these facts would be a fundamental and surprising discovery if found to be true of the DNA for all species in a newly discovered genus of plants?

A)It undergoes mutation.
B)It stores information.
C)It has variability between species.
D)It remains constant among different species.
E)It can be replicated.

Question 19

What is the error rate in the DNA replication process,for eukaryotes?

A)one in 1 billion nucleotides
B)one in 1 hundred nuclotides
C)one in 1 thousand nucleotides
D)one in 10,000 nucleotides
E)one in 1 million nucleotides

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of a nucleotide?

A)a phosphate and a hexose sugar
B)a phosphate and a pentose sugar
C)a nitrogen-containing base and a pentose sugar
D)a nitrogen-containing base,a phosphate,and a hexose sugar
E)a nitrogen-containing base,a phosphate,and a pentose sugar

Question 21

The DNA sequences of a gene that do not code for amino acids in a protein are called

A)promoters.
B)introns.
C)transposons.
D)inducers.
E)exons.

Question 22

Figure:
This figures shows translation elongation.What specific step has just finished?

A)A tRNA carrying an amino acid has attached to the A site.
B)The stop codon has been reached,and translation has stopped.
C)An amino acid was added to the peptide.
D)The ribosome moved so that the peptide is now on the P site and the empty tRNA is on the E site.
E)The empty tRNA has left the ribosomE.

Question 23

Which enzyme is responsible for building the mRNA transcript from individual nucleotides?

A)ligase
B)RNA polymerase
C)ribozymes
D)helicase
E)DNA polymerase

Question 24

During the process of transcription,the information in

A)RNA is converted into DNA information.
B)RNA is converted into protein information.
C)DNA is converted into RNA information.
D)protein is converted into RNA information.
E)DNA is converted into protein information.

Question 25

Initiation,elongation,and termination are three stages in

A)DNA replication.
B)codon-anticodon formation.
C)mRNA transcription.
D)error correction by proofreading enzymes.
E)polypeptide synthesis.

Question 26

Figure:
This figures shows translation elongation.What specific step will happen next?

A)The ribosome will move so that the peptide is on the P site,and the empty tRNA is on the E site.
B)An amino acid will be joined to the peptide (with a peptide bond).
C)The stop codon has been reached,and translation has stopped.
D)The empty tRNA will leave the E site and move to the P site.
E)A tRNA carrying an amino acid will attach to the P sitE.

Question 27

Which site on the ribosomes is responsible for holding amino acids?

A)R site
B)T site
C)E site
D)P site
E)A site

Question 28

Which of these,though a correct association,is not directly important for translation?

A)rRNA: ribosomal structure
B)ribosome: site for protein synthesis
C)tRNA: bring amino acids to ribosomes
D)polymerase: joins nucleotides together
E)mRNA: bring information from nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 29

During the process of translation,the information in

A)DNA is converted into RNA information.
B)RNA is converted into protein information.
C)DNA is converted into protein information.
D)protein is converted into RNA information.
E)RNA is converted into DNA information.

Question 30

Transcription of part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of A-A-A-C-A-A-C-T-T results in a mRNA molecule with which complementary sequence?

A)U-U-U-G-T-T-G-A-A
B)G-G-G-A-G-A-A-C-C
C)C-C-C-A-C-C-T-C-C
D)U-U-U-G-U-U-G-A-A
E)T-T-T-G-A-A-G-C-C

Question 31

Which process in translation is the movement of the ribosome,such that the tRNA at the A site moves to the P site?

A)initiation.
B)translocation.
C)replication.
D)transcription.
E)mutation.

Question 32

Figure:
This figures shows translation elongation.Of the three binding sites on the ribosome,which is the E site?

A)on the left
B)both right and left
C)both middle and right
D)in the middle
E)on the right

Question 33

Which is most directly responsible for the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

A)the proteins associated with rRNA
B)the number of codons in mRNA
C)the sequence of codons in mRNA
D)the sequence of anticodons
E)the enzyme that attaches the amino acid to tRNA

Question 34

Which process precedes translation?

A)liberation of polypeptide from the ribosome
B)binding of tRNA molecules and ribosome
C)growth of a polypeptide chain
D)production of mRNA
E)attachment of a ribosome to mRNA

Question 35

The function of transfer RNA is to

A)deaminate amino acids.
B)carry amino acids to ribosomes.
C)transfer nucleotides to the nucleus.
D)act as the site for protein synthesis.
E)turn DNA on and off.

Question 36

How many DNA bases are in each codon?

A)3
B)16
C)4
D)20
E)64

Question 37

Which statement about ribosomes is least accurate?

A)Several ribosomes attached together are called a multiribosome.
B)The ribosome has a binding site for amino acids.
C)The ribosome is made up of three subunits.
D)Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosome.
E)The ribosome has a binding site for mRNA.

Question 38

The _____ of a tRNA molecule will bind to the codon of an mRNA molecule.

A)promoter site
B)amino acid binding site
C)RNA polymerase
D)anticodon
E)DNA sequence

Question 39

Which molecule carries genetic information from the nucleus to where new proteins are manufactured?

A)RNA polymerase
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)DNA polymerase
E)tRNA

Question 40

What process results in the assembly of a protein chain?

A)replication
B)translation
C)translocation
D)mutation
E)transcription

Question 41

The step which brings all the translation elements together is referred to as

A)elongation.
B)initiation.
C)replication.
D)translocation.
E)transcription.

Question 42

In modern biochemical genetics,the flow of genetic information is from

A)RNA to protein to DNA
B)DNA to protein to RNA
C)RNA to DNA to protein
D)DNA to RNA to protein
E)protein to RNA to DNA

Question 43

Movable genetic elements are referred to as

A)frameshift mutations
B)point mutations
C)transcription elements
D)translocation elements
E)transposons

Question 44

Which statement would have to be changed if found in a Biology textbook?

A)They can cause point mutations.
B)They can cause deletions and translocations.
C)They can block transcription.
D)They can cause frameshift mutations.
E)They contain antibiotic-resistance genes.

Question 45

What type of mutation changes the base of a single DNA nucleotide,which then causes a change in a specific codon?

A)translocation mutation
B)frameshift mutation
C)point mutation
D)polymerase mutation
E)transposon mutation

Question 46

Which of these items is critical for translation,but indirectly only?

A)mRNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA-amino acid complex
D)DNA
E)Ribosome

Question 47

Which of the following is true of some kind of mutation other than a frameshift mutation?

A)They can be caused by the addition of a nucleotide.
B)They occur most often of all mutations.
C)They can be caused by the deletion of a nucleotide.
D)They cause nonfunctional proteins to form.
E)They only affect one codon.

Question 48

Which of these is an environmental mutagen?

A)bacteria in water
B)X-rays and Gamma rays
C)fungal spores
D)radio waves
E)Air-bourne sand

Question 49

A genetic mutation causes a temporary change to the sequences of bases in DNA.