Deck 21: Patterns of Genetic Inheritance

Question 1

Which of the following designations indicates a sex-linked trait?

A)A
B)I^A
C)X^B
D)a
E)i

Answer 1

C
Explanation: A sex-linked trait is shown as the letter attached to the X chromosome.A and a are alleles for autosomal traits.I^A and i are the alleles for blood types.

Question 2

If two parents who are unaffected have a child that is affected,then the parents are both considered bearers.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: Two parents who are unaffected but are heterozygous for a recessive disorder are considered carriers.

Question 3

Which of the following X-linked recessive disorders is characterized by a degeneration of the muscles?

A)Fragile X
B)Duchenne's
C)color blindness
D)hemophilia
E)malaria

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is characterized by a degeneration of the muscles.Fragile X is characterized by mental impairment.Color blindness is the inability to distinguish between various colors,typically red and green.Hemophilia is the inability for the blood to clot normally.Malaria is caused by a protist and is not an X linked disorder.

Question 4

Which of the following terms refers to the genes of an individual?

A)genotype
B)phenotype
C)gamete
D)probability
E)autosomal

Question 5

Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?

A)Aa
B)Ab
C)aB
D)ab
E)aa

Question 6

Which of the following is a dominant allele?

A)A
B)a
C)AA
D)ab
E)Ab

Question 7

Which of the following disorders is a trinucleotide repeat disorder?

A)Marfan syndrome
B)sickle-cell disease
C)cystic fibrosis
D)Tay-Sachs disease
E)Huntington disease

Question 8

It is estimated that there are fewer than 100 genetic diseases caused by single gene mutations in humans.

Question 9

Which of the following disorders is caused by a defect in the production of an elastic connective tissue protein called fibrillin?

A)cystic fibrosis
B)Tay-Sachs disease
C)Marfan syndrome
D)Huntington disease
E)sickle-cell disease

Question 10

Which of the following represents a dihybrid cross?

A)ff x ff
B)Gg x gg
C)AAbb x Aabb
D)AAbb x aaBB
E)Ss x ss

Question 11

How is familial hypercholesterolemia inherited?

A)autosomal recessive
B)autosomal dominant
C)incompletely dominant
D)codominant
E)sex-linked dominant

Question 12

Which of the following is not an autosomal recessive disorder?

A)Marfan syndrome
B)Tay-Sachs disease
C)cystic fibrosis
D)sickle cell disease
E)all are autosomal recessive disorders

Question 13

Which of the following would not be a possible way to list someone's genotype?

A)BB
B)Bb
C)AB
D)bb
E)AA

Question 14

When describing someone as "lactose intolerant",you are describing their

A)genotype.
B)phenotype.
C)alleles.
D)genome.
E)none of these

Question 15

Which of the following traits is an X-linked recessive disorder?

A)Color blindness
B)Tay-Sachs
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Sickle-cell disease
E)Marfan syndrome

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a recessive genotype?

A)aa
B)Aa
C)short
D)AA
E)ab

Question 17

A male inherits his X linked allele from his mother.

Question 18

What is the genotype of a person with type O blood?

A)I^AI^A
B)I^AI^B
C)I^Ai
D)I^Bi
E)ii

Question 19

The square that is used to make all the possible combinations of gametes is called a Punnett square.

Question 20

When you describe a person as having attached ear lobes,you are describing their genotype.

Question 21

There are two different alleles for the number of fingers on the hands: 5 finger allele and 6 finger allele.When both the 5 finger allele and the 6 finger allele are present in the same individual,the individual has 6 fingers on the hands.Which allele is dominant?

A)5 fingers
B)6 fingers
C)1 finger
D)11 fingers
E)7 fingers

Question 22

Which of the following represents a cross to determine if an individual is homozygous or heterozygous dominant?

A)Aa x aa
B)AA x AA
C)aa x aa
D)Aa x AA
E)Aa x Aa

Question 23

If the mother's genotype is aa,all of her eggs will be identical for this trait.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an autosomal recessive disorder pedigree?

A)Heterozygotes have an affected phenotype.
B)Affected children can have unaffected parents.
C)Two affected parents will always have affected children.
D)Both males and females are affected with equal frequency.
E)Affected individuals with homozygous unaffected mates will have unaffected children.

Question 25

In a cross of Ss x Ss,the probability of having a heterozygous genotype is

A)1/4.
B)1/3.
C)1/2.
D)2/3.
E)3/4.

Question 26

In a cross of a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent,what is the ratio of offspring that will exhibit the recessive phenotype?

A)0.
B)1/4.
C)1/2.
D)3/4.
E)1.

Question 27

Dad has a genotype of AaBb.How many different kinds of sperm can he produce?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 28

Probability calculations in which the word "or" is used involve the product rule.

Question 29

An allele is to a gene,as a locus is to a

A)gamete.
B)phenotype.
C)chromosome.
D)genotype.
E)unit of heredity.

Question 30

In a cross of Ff x Ff,the probability of having a dominant phenotype is

A)1/4.
B)1/3.
C)1/2.
D)2/3.
E)3/4.

Question 31

Unattached earlobes are a dominant trait in humans.Which phenotype is most likely for an individual with the genotype EE?

A)both earlobes are unattached
B)both earlobes are attached
C)the right earlobe is attached and the left earlobe is unattached
D)the right earlobe is unattached and the left earlobe is attached
E)both earlobes are extremely elongated

Question 32

In a pedigree,an affected male would be designated by

A)an open circle.
B)a shaded circle.
C)an open square.
D)a shaded square.
E)a square with a line through it.

Question 33

While a locus refers to a unit of heredity,a gene refers to a specific position on a chromosome.

Question 34

Clasp your hands together (without thinking about it).Which thumb is on top every time you do this? The dominant phenotype is left thumb on top.If you have the genotype "tt",which thumb is on top?

A)left
B)right
C)left 50% of the time and right 50% of the time
D)left 25% of the time and right 75% of the time
E)left 75% of the time and right 25% of the time

Question 35

In a dihybrid cross,if the resulting ratios are 1:1:1:1,what are the genotypes of the parents?

A)GgRr x ggrr
B)GGRR x ggrr
C)GgRr x GgRr
D)Gg x Rr
E)GG x RR

Question 36

Which of the following represents a gamete with a dominant allele?

A)A
B)b
C)AA
D)Aa
E)bb

Question 37

The probability of tossing a coin and having it be heads or tails is

A)1/4.
B)1/2.
C)1.
D)0.
E)2.

Question 38

There is a single gene that controls the ability to taste PTC paper.The ability to taste is dominant to the inability to taste.If you can taste the paper,it is very bitter.Which of the following genotypes can taste the paper?

A)only PP
B)both PP and Pp
C)both PP and pp
D)only Pp
E)only pp

Question 39

Which of the following individuals has a recessive phenotype?

A)AA
B)Aa
C)AaBb
D)aabb
E)aAbB

Question 40

If you want to know the probability that tossing two coins will result in a particular outcome (two heads,for example),you use the

A)product rule.
B)sum rule.
C)punnett rule.
D)Bergman's rule.
E)genetics rulE.

Question 41

Even though sickle-cell disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder,the heterozygote can express some variation of the recessive phenotype.

Question 42

Explain the problems associated with the genetic disorder Tay-Sachs.A.This lysosome is responsible for clearing out the fatty acid proteins that build up in the cells of the brain.The build up begins to interfere with proper brain development and growth.This leads to malfunctions in vision,movement,hearing,and overall mental development.The impairment leads to blindness,seizures,and paralysis.

Question 43

Is it possible for a man with type O blood to be the father of a child with type A blood?

Question 44

Of the three possible alleles for the ABO blood type,each individual can have how many?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)none
E)half an allele

Question 45

Which variable has the stronger influence on the color of an individuals skin?

A)the individuals phenotype
B)the amount of time spent in the sun
C)the amount of time spent in the sun and the individuals genotype
D)the individuals genotype
E)neither the sun nor the individuals genotype have any influence on the individuals skin color

Question 46

The definition of a multifactorial trait is one in which more than one set of alleles is involved in which the environment plays no role.

Question 47

If a person with type B blood marries a person with type A blood,what phenotypes can their children be?

A)all type A
B)all type B
C)types A and O
D)types B and O
E)types A,B,O,and AB

Question 48

Describe what is meant by a polygenic traits.

Question 49

Can a woman with an X-linked recessive disorder have normal sons?

Question 50

Julie has a genetic disorder.Julie and her husband,Shane,have three children,none of which have the genetic disorder.How is this disorder most likely inherited?

A)autosomal dominant.
B)autosomal recessive.
C)heterozygous dominant.
D)The environment influences the trait instead of the genetics.
E)100% inheritance from the father since the children are not affected.

Question 51

Which of the following traits/disorders is controlled by multiple genes?

A)skin color
B)Tay-Sachs disease
C)ABO blood type
D)familial hypercholesterolemia
E)curly hair

Question 52

If an individual has the A blood type,how many different genotypes can they possess?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 53

List the genotypic ratios of the cross between a man with O blood type and a woman who is heterozygous B blood type.

Question 54

There is a trait with two alleles.One allele codes for blue while the other allele codes for yellow.If this trait is inherited in a codominant manner,what color will the offspring be?

A)blue
B)yellow
C)green
D)blue and yellow striped
E)white

Question 55

Most of the sex-linked traits are found only on the X chromosome.

Question 56

Can two parents that have a genetic disorder ever have a normal child?

Question 57

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an autosomal dominant disorder pedigree?

A)Affected children will usually have unaffected parents.
B)Heterozygotes are affected.
C)Two affected parents can produce an unaffected child.
D)Both males and females are affected with equal frequency.
E)Two unaffected parents will not have affected children.

Question 58

Which of the following traits would not be considered multifactorial?

A)alcoholism
B)suicide risk
C)cleft lip/palate
D)diabetes
E)ABO blood type

Question 59

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an X-linked recessive disorder pedigree?

A)An affected son can have normal parents.
B)If a female has the trait,her father must also have it.
C)The characteristic often skips a generation.
D)More females than males are affecteD.
E)If a woman has the characteristic,all of her sons will have it.

Question 60

Which of the following represents the genotype of a male who is color-blind?

A)X^BX^B
B)X^BX^b
C)X^bX^b
D)X^bY
E)X^BY

Question 61

In an X-linked dominant trait,affected males pass the trait only to daughters.

Question 62

How are Fragile X syndrome and Huntington disease similar?

A)Both exhibit a late onset in life.
B)Both are trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders.
C)Both affect the muscles and lead to eventual paralysis.
D)Both cause autism.
E)Both are found only in males.

Question 63

If a mother is a carrier for color-blindness and her husband is not,which of the following children are most likely?

A)1 normal daughter,1 carrier daughter,1 normal son,and 1 color-blind son
B)2 normal daughters,1 normal son,and 1 color-blind son
C)2 carrier daughters,1 normal son,and 1 color-blind son
D)1 normal daughter,1 carrier daughter,and 2 normal sons
E)1 normal daughter,1 carrier daughter,and 2 color-blind sons