Deck 13: Physical Development in Adolescence

Question 1

The first time the HPG axis activates is

A)at the start of puberty.
B)at birth.
C)before birth.
D)to end puberty.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

______ travel through the bloodstream and influence the activity of specific organs.

A)Neurotransmitters
B)Mitochondria
C)Chromatids
D)Hormones

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Rising levels of the protein _____ provide an important signal to begin puberty in girls' bodies.

A)collagen
B)leptin
C)insulin
D)oxytocin

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If Nunzio and Fortuna are both average 9-year-olds,you would expect that

A)they will both enter puberty at about the same time.
B)Nunzio will enter puberty about two years before Fortuna.
C)Fortuna will enter puberty about two years before Nunzio.
D)both Nunzio and Fortuna have both already entered puberty.

Question 5

_______ are not thought to be among the triggers for the adolescent growth spurt.

A)Growth hormones
B)Thyroid hormones
C)Estrogens
D)Androgens

Question 6

The HPG axis is a feedback loop which operates much like a

A)countdown timer.
B)piston.
C)thermostat.
D)mixer.

Question 7

______ is not a change which occurs during puberty.

A)Myelination of the brain's motor cortex
B)Strengthening of the circulatory and respiratory systems
C)Boys' bodies becoming leaner
D)Both girls and boys undergoing rapid changes in height

Question 8

_______ is not thought to be a trigger for the HPG axis when it initiates puberty.

A)The presence of sexually mature mating partners
B)Nutritional levels in the body
C)An individual's gender script
D)Overall physical health

Question 9

The ______ is the part of the HPG axis that releases hormones to stimulate sexual development.

A)peptide body
B)pharynx
C)pancreas
D)pituitary

Question 10

A primary sex characteristic in females is the

A)elevation of the breasts.
B)advent of menarche.
C)growth of pubic hair.
D)development of the oil and sweat glands.

Question 11

_____ are hormones that stimulate sexual maturation and regulate reproductive activity.

A)Melatonins
B)Adrenalines
C)Epinephrines
D)Gonadotropins

Question 12

One primary sex characteristic for males is

A)the growth of facial hair.
B)the growth of live sperm in the testes.
C)the growth of activity in the oil and sweat glands.
D)the deepening of the voice.

Question 13

Primary sex characteristics are directly related to

A)height and weight.
B)reproductive capacity.
C)visible signs of adulthood.
D)emotional changes during puberty.

Question 14

Akira has just begun his adolescent growth spurt.He should expect to grow approximately ________ inches per year.

A)5
B)4
C)3
D)2

Question 15

The effect of hormonal changes in adolescents' emotionality during puberty

A)has been proven.
B)is complete mythology.There is no such effect.
C)seems to be stronger at the start of puberty and less important at the end.
D)is strong in boys because of their rising testosterone levels,but not in girls because they don't produce testosterone.

Question 16

The ________ are the glands in the HPG axis that release androgens or estrogens into the bloodstream.

A)globus hystericus
B)Golgi apparatus
C)gonads
D)glia

Question 17

_______ are at greater risk for developing a poor body image during adolescence.

A)Black girls
B)White girls
C)Black boys
D)White boys

Question 18

Fuyoko has just begun her adolescent growth spurt.She should expect to grow approximately _________ inches per year.

A)4.5
B)3.5
C)2.5
D)1.5

Question 19

The _______ is a part of the brain which is involved in the HPG axis.

A)hippocampus
B)hypergasia
C)hypoxia
D)hypothalamus

Question 20

The _____ produces,circulates,and regulates levels of hormones in the body.

A)pituitary gland
B)hypothalamus
C)autonomic nervous system
D)endocrine system

Question 21

In developed countries,where children receive excellent nutrition and medical care,the average age of menarche has been falling steadily in what scientists describe as

A)an HPG axis.
B)a set point.
C)a Tanner stage.
D)a secular trenD.

Question 22

Girls who mature earlier than most of their peers ________ than those who mature later.

A)have higher self-esteem and are more popular
B)have lower self-esteem,but are more popular
C)have lower self-esteem and are less popular
D)have higher self-esteem,but are less popular

Question 23

Jordana is a 16-year-old girl who loves to dress in frilly,"girly-girl" clothing.She's an excellent student who excels in math and physics,and is currently dating the head of the girls' basketball team.Jordana's choice of what to wear reflects her

A)gender identity.
B)sex role behavior.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender script.

Question 24

Jordana is a 16-year-old girl who loves to dress in frilly,"girly-girl" clothing.She's an excellent student who excels in math and physics,and is currently dating the head of the girls' basketball team.Jordana's choice of a dating partner reflects her

A)gender identity.
B)sex role behavior.
C)sexual orientation.
D)gender script.

Question 25

Girls who mature earlier than most of their peers ________ than those who mature later.

A)have higher self-esteem
B)are less likely to engage in delinquent behavior
C)are less likely to try drugs or alcohol
D)are more likely to experience early sexual intercourse

Question 26

Boys who mature earlier than most of their peers ________ than those who mature later.

A)are less popular
B)have lower self-esteem
C)are less likely to engage in delinquent behaviors
D)are more likely to use drugs or alcohol

Question 27

In general,it is better to be

A)a girl who matures earlier than her peers.
B)a boy who matures later than his peers.
C)either a girl or boy who matures earlier than her or his peers.
D)a girl or boy who matures at about the same time as most of her or his peers.

Question 28

By the time they reach the age of 18,approximately ________ of adolescents have had heterosexual intercourse.

A)60%
B)50%
C)40%
D)30%

Question 29

Studies of adolescents' sexual behavior have shown that

A)adolescent boys and girls go through different stages of sexual activity.
B)adolescents tend not to engage in sexual activity until the end of puberty.
C)adolescents are in a hurry to have sex,so they tend to begin with sexual intercourse,and progress to more intimacy-based behaviors later.
D)the stages of sexual activity through which adolescents progress have not changed for many years.

Question 30

________ refers to an individual's preference for sexual partners of the same sex,opposite sexes,or both sexes.

A)Gender identity
B)Sex role behavior
C)Sexual orientation
D)Gender script

Question 31

______ is the extent to which an individual displays culturally-defined stereotypically masculine or feminine behaviors.

A)Gender identity
B)Sex role behavior
C)Sexual orientation
D)Gender script

Question 32

________ is the gender with which a person identifies psychologically.

A)Gender identity
B)Sex role behavior
C)Sexual orientation
D)Gender script

Question 33

Adolescent emotionality is

A)linked to changes in the brain.
B)caused entirely by hormonal changes in the body.
C)stressful enough to damage most adolescents' family relationships.
D)most intense at the end of adolescence.

Question 34

Studies show that there are _________ teenagers having sexual intercourse than in the past,and that they are beginning ___________.

A)more;earlier
B)more;later
C)fewer;earlier
D)fewer;later

Question 35

During adolescence,the need for sleep

A)remains constant at about 9 hours.
B)grows steadily to about 12 hours.
C)drops radically to about 6 hours.
D)drops slightly to about 7

Question 36

Boys who mature earlier than most of their peers ________ than those who mature later.

A)have higher self-esteem and are more popular
B)have lower self-esteem,but are more popular
C)have lower self-esteem and are less popular
D)have higher self-esteem,but are less popular

Question 37

The delayed phase preference in adolescence is caused by

A)a shift in the timing of melatonin increases in the body.
B)the rate of physical growth during puberty,stressing the body.
C)the overproduction of adrenaline during puberty,stressing the body.
D)a dislike of authority,leading to a need to sleep at "off hours."

Question 38

Changes in the body's melatonin cycle during puberty generally result in

A)a delayed phase preference for sleep.
B)regular outbreaks of acne and other skin problems.
C)extreme mood swings,from elation to depression.
D)heightened sexual interest.

Question 39

Adolescents who become sexually active between the ages of 16 and 18 tend to be _____ than their virginal peers.

A)no different on most measures of deviant behavior
B)more likely to use drugs or alcohol
C)less engaged in school
D)more likely to suffer from depression or anxiety

Question 40

The triggers for the start of puberty

A)are both genetic and environmental in nature.
B)are entirely genetic in nature.
C)are entirely environmental in nature.
D)are generally not well understooD.

Question 41

___________ is the nation with the highest rate of teenage pregnancy.

A)The United States
B)Sweden
C)South Africa
D)Brazil

Question 42

Faruq loves to eat,but he is afraid to gain weight.Whenever he indulges in an eating binge,he forces himself to vomit so that he won't get fatter from the cake,ice cream,and other goodies he's just eaten.Faruq's eating disorder is called

A)bulimiA.
B)anorexia.
C)obesity.
D)hyperglycemia.

Question 43

______ youth have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the United States.

A)White
B)Hispanic
C)Black
D)Native American

Question 44

______ is not a reason why so many American adolescents are either obese or at risk for obesity.

A)Computer use
B)The secular trend
C)The availability of fruit juices and snacks
D)The availability of fast food

Question 45

The most effective way for adolescents to avoid sexually transmitted diseases is

A)using condoms.
B)coitus interruptus.
C)large doses of antibiotics.
D)abstinence from sexual activity.

Question 46

HIV/AIDS is spread through

A)any physical contact between two people.
B)the air,by breathing in the vicinity of an infected person.
C)touching objects used by infected people.
D)contact with bodily fluids of infected people.

Question 47

Other than abstaining from sexual contact,the most effective way for adolescents to avoid sexually transmitted diseases is to use

A)coitus interruptus.
B)large doses of antibiotics.
C)intrauterine devices (IUDs).
D)condoms.

Question 48

All of the following are true of adolescent mothers who raise their babies,except that

A)they are more successful if they finish high school.
B)they tend to have a history of academic problems.
C)if they marry their child's father,they will be much better off.
D)they are less likely to have another child if they live with their parents and finish school.

Question 49

Approximately _____ percent of American women become pregnant by the time they are 20 years old.

A)70
B)50
C)30
D)10

Question 50

________ is the eating disorder that affects the greatest number of American adolescents.

A)Obesity
B)Anorexia nervosa
C)Bulimia
D)Hypoglycemia

Question 51

Nearly _________ of teenage pregnancies in the United States come to term.

A)35%
B)45%
C)55%
D)65%

Question 52

Adolescent sexual education conducted through schools,youth groups,or religious organizations

A)has been largely successful at stopping adolescents from having sexual intercourse.
B)has had a large impact,increasing the use of contraceptives among adolescents.
C)concentrates too much on the emotional aspects of sex,and not enough on the biological ones.
D)focuses too much on knowledge,and not enough on behavior.

Question 53

The most commonly used contraceptives among adolescents are

A)birth control pills.
B)condoms.
C)intrauterine devices (IUDs).
D)coitus interruptus.

Question 54

Adolescent mothers tend to view their babies' temperaments as

A)easy.
B)inhibited.
C)difficult.
D)slow-to-warm-up.

Question 55

______ is not caused by a virus.

A)Chlamydia
B)AIDS
C)Herpes
D)Human papilloma virus

Question 56

Sex education programs which take an "abstinence-only" approach have

A)successfully reduced the rates of teenage pregnancy.
B)successfully reduced the rates of teenage sexually transmitted diseases.
C)successfully reduced the rates of teenage sexual intercourse.
D)largely been unsuccessful.

Question 57

Approximately ________ of teenage mothers give up their babies for adoption.

A)40%
B)20%
C)10%
D)1%

Question 58

In general,babies born to adolescent mothers

A)develop much more slowly than those born to adult mothers.
B)develop much more quickly than those born to adult mothers.
C)develop quite similarly to those born to adult mothers.
D)develop somewhat similarly to those born to adult mothers,but have severe problems with the development of gross motor skills.

Question 59

_______ is not a sexually transmitted disease.

A)Gonadotropin
B)Chlamydia
C)Herpes
D)AIDS

Question 60

Most adolescents who are sexually active

A)do not use contraceptives.
B)use condoms.
C)use birth control pills.
D)withdraw the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

Question 61

Sensation-seeking may be more prevalent in adolescence than in childhood because of changes in the brain's

A)HPG axis.
B)Broca's area.
C)hippocampus.
D)limbic system.

Question 62

Approximately ______ of adolescents have smoked cigarettes.

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 63

Approximately ______ of adolescents have tried using alcohol.

A)45%
B)60%
C)75%
D)90%

Question 64

Changes in the limbic system during adolescence may make teenagers

A)more likely to abuse drugs or alcohol.
B)less susceptible to stress.
C)more independent of peer evaluation.
D)less vulnerable to depression.

Question 65

_____ is not a key factor in adolescent brain development.

A)Neurogenesis
B)Synaptogenesis
C)Synaptic pruning
D)Myelination

Question 66

Adolescents are more susceptible to stress than small children because of changes in the brain's

A)HPG axis.
B)Broca's area.
C)hippocampus.
D)limbic system.

Question 67

Oksana hates the idea of being too fat.Even though she's a normal,healthy weight,she believes that she is too heavy.As a result,she often tries various fad diets and special mineral supplements that she sees advertised on the Internet.A psychologist would probably say that Oksana's attitudes and behaviors constitute

A)hypoxiA.
B)disordered eating.
C)anorexia.
D)bulimia.

Question 68

One reason that adolescents are more likely than children to engage in risky behavior is that

A)rapid physical growth makes them feel more confident.
B)the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex develops too quickly.
C)myelination of the hippocampus is not yet complete.
D)their limbic system matures sooner than their prefrontal cortex.

Question 69

The limbic system is responsible for processing ________ information.

A)visual and spatial
B)writing and speech
C)mathematical and scientific
D)social and emotional

Question 70

The _____ is the region of the brain which is responsible for planning,risk assessment,and impulse control.

A)hypothalamus
B)prefrontal cortex
C)occipital lobe
D)motor cortex

Question 71

The _____ is the part of the prefrontal cortex that is responsible for the processing of emotional and social information.

A)dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B)ventromedial prefrontal cortex
C)orbitofrontal cortex
D)hippocampal cortex

Question 72

Nearly _________ of high school seniors engage in binge drinking.

A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)50%

Question 73

________ is the most widely abused drug among adolescents.

A)LSD
B)Marijuana
C)Nicotine
D)Alcohol

Question 74

The _____ is the part of the prefrontal cortex that is responsible for judgments of risk assessment.

A)dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B)ventromedial prefrontal cortex
C)orbitofrontal cortex
D)hippocampal cortex

Question 75

If we wish to reduce adolescents' drug use,we will have the greatest impact if we concentrate our efforts on

A)LSD.
B)alcohol and cigarettes.
C)cocaine and crack.
D)marijuana.

Question 76

Paris loves being thin and pretty.Unfortunately,she has a distorted image of herself,and even though she's very underweight,she believes that she needs to lose even more weight.To accomplish this,she starves herself on a regular basis.Paris's eating disorder is called

A)bulimiA.
B)anorexia.
C)obesity.
D)hyperglycemia.

Question 77

The _____ is the part of the prefrontal cortex responsible for impulse control.

A)dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B)ventromedial prefrontal cortex
C)orbitofrontal cortex
D)hippocampal cortex

Question 78

________ is not generally associated with eating disorders.

A)Having a poor body image
B)Depression
C)Getting bad grades in school
D)Alcohol use

Question 79

Approximately _____ of adolescents have tried smoking marijuana by the time they finish high school.

A)25%
B)45%
C)65%
D)85%

Question 80

In adolescence,the ________ is the part of the brain which undergoes the most development.

A)hypothalamus
B)prefrontal cortex
C)occipital lobe
D)motor cortex