Deck 11: Water and Major Minerals

Question 1

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

A)Peach
B)Saltine crackers
C)Whole-wheat bread
D)Safflower oil

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)iodide and sulfide
B)nitrogen and potassium
C)sodium and chloride
D)hydride and bromide

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary _________.

A)iron metabolism
B)water excretion
C)water conservation
D)sodium elimination

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the human body,water is involved in _________.

A)providing energy for physical activities
B)protecting DNA from oxidizing agents
C)making mineral nutrients
D)regulating body temperature

Question 5

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients.She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral,one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?

A)Trace mineral
B)Major mineral
C)Nonessential mineral
D)Possible essential mineral

Question 6

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients.One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day.How should she classify this particular mineral?

A)Possible essential mineral
B)Trace mineral
C)Major mineral
D)Nonessential mineral

Question 7

Which of the following minerals may have a physiological role,but more research is necessary to determine whether it is essential?

A)Selenium
B)Lithium
C)Magnesium
D)Zinc

Question 8

Phytic acid and oxalic acid are substances in certain animal foods that interfere with mineral absorption in the human intestinal tract.

Question 9

Calcium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

A)blood clotting
B)transmission of nerve impulses
C)cellular metabolism
D)fluid balance

Question 10

All of the following minerals play a role in bone health EXCEPT ____________.

A)zinc
B)sodium
C)magnesium
D)iron

Question 11

Dehydration can cause _________.

A)cirrhosis
B)death
C)hypoglycemia
D)diabetes

Question 12

Iron is the only mineral added to processed grain products during enrichment.

Question 13

Copper and magnesium are cofactors that certain enzymes need to function.

Question 14

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

A)Potassium
B)Calcium
C)Phosphorus
D)Zinc

Question 15

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

A)Cesium
B)Aluminum
C)Selenium
D)Calcium

Question 16

Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ ions.

A)hydride and iodide
B)sulfide and bromide
C)oxide and nitride
D)potassium and phosphate

Question 17

Which of the following organs is not directly involved in maintaining the body's fluid balance?

A)Kidneys
B)Skin
C)Lungs
D)Thyroid gland

Question 18

In the human body,water is involved in _________.

A)protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from free radical damage
B)providing energy to fuel cellular activity
C)alcohol digestion
D)transporting substances

Question 19

Yesterday,Jenny ran in a marathon race.While she ran,she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course.At the end of the race,she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line.She was confused,and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy.Based on this information,Jenny was probably suffering from _________.rev: 06_18_2015_QC_CS-18050

A)kidney failure
B)water intoxication
C)heat cramps
D)brain cancer

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Cells produce water as a by-product of metabolism.
B)Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces.
C)In general,fruits and vegetables are less than 25% water by weight.
D)Water and beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake.

Question 21

Foster consumes about 350 g of protein daily,mostly in the form of meat and amino acid supplements.He does not use vitamin/mineral supplements,and he eats very few fruits,vegetables,and grains.Based on this information,Foster's diet lacks _________.rev: 06_18_2015_QC_CS-18045

A)sodium
B)calcium
C)potassium
D)phosphorus

Question 22

Which of the following foods is the best source of phosphorus per serving?

A)Plain,low-fat yogurt
B)Raw,firm tofu
C)Hummus
D)Smooth peanut butter

Question 23

Children who are deficient in phosphorus experience symptoms of marasmus.

Question 24

Which of the following foods has the lowest phosphorus content per serving?

A)Canned tuna
B)Chicken breast
C)Cottage cheese
D)Sunflower seeds

Question 25

In the human body,sodium is necessary for transporting glucose and amino acids into cells.

Question 26

Osteoporosis is characterized by _________.

A)keratinization and death of epithelial cells
B)immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin
C)loss of bone mass and structure
D)defective collagen production

Question 27

Hyperphosphatemia contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease due to the formation of calcium-phosphorus deposits in blood vessels.

Question 28

____________ is not one of the major signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia.

A)Muscle weakness
B)Bone pain
C)Hypertension
D)A weakened immune system

Question 29

Sodium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

A)regulation of fluid balance
B)transmission of nerve impulses
C)muscle contraction and relaxation
D)energy metabolism

Question 30

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines,which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern?

A)Selenium
B)Copper
C)Manganese
D)Calcium

Question 31

Parathyroid hormone _________.

A)signals osteoblasts to release calcium from bones
B)enables glucose to enter cells
C)increases the body's rate of potassium excretion
D)enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

Question 32

Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium?

A)Fat-free yogurt
B)Canned sardines
C)Fried chicken
D)Raw kale

Question 33

In adults,hyponatremia occurs rapidly after a bout of mild diarrhea or vomiting.

Question 34

Calcitonin _________.

A)signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood
B)enables glucose to enter cells
C)enhances bone tissue loss
D)increases the body's rate of potassium excretion

Question 35

Pickled foods,canned soups,soy sauce,and deli (luncheon)meats contain high amounts of _________.

A)potassium
B)sodium
C)magnesium
D)selenium

Question 36

Use of calcium supplements has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 37

Phosphorus is necessary for the body to synthesize phospholipids and ATP.

Question 38

Phosphorus is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

A)regulation of acid-base balance
B)transmission of nerve impulses
C)activation of enzymes and hormones necessary for energy metabolism
D)synthesis of DNA and RNA

Question 39

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

A)The calcium in dairy products is well absorbed by the body.
B)After bones are formed early in life,the body has no need for calcium.
C)Adolescents should consume adequate dairy products to build strong bones.
D)A person's calcium intake early in life can affect his or her bone density later.

Question 40

Lola doesn't like to cook,so she eats fast food at least three times a week.When she doesn't eat fast food,she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich.For snacks,she prefers processed cheese cubes,potato chips,and pretzels.Based on this information,her diet is very high in _________.

A)beta-carotene
B)vitamin D
C)potassium
D)sodium

Question 41

Which of the following symptoms is not associated with hypokalemia?

A)Loss of appetite
B)Muscle cramps
C)Constipation
D)Bone pain

Question 42

Chloride is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

A)regulation of fluid balance
B)transmission of nerve impulses
C)production of stomach acid
D)energy metabolism

Question 43

Magnesium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

A)regulation of blood glucose levels
B)formation of red blood cells
C)contraction and relaxation of muscles
D)synthesis of DNA and protein

Question 44

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines,which of the following minerals is a nutrient of public health concern?

A)Potassium
B)Copper
C)Magnesium
D)Sodium

Question 45

Chloride is involved in the immune-fighting response of red blood cells.

Question 46

Hypermagnesemia is associated with all of the following EXCEPT ____________.

A)use of antacids
B)diarrhea
C)taking dietary supplements
D)eating too much spinach

Question 47

In general,fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of _________.

A)potassium
B)zinc
C)iron
D)calcium

Question 48

Hyperkalemia can cause a person's heart to stop beating.

Question 49

Rebecca has hypertension.To help lower her blood pressure,she should _________.

A)follow the DASH diet
B)consume more foods that contain iron and zinc
C)reduce her potassium intake
D)follow a high-glycemic diet

Question 50

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension?

A)Non-Hispanic white Americans
B)Asian Americans
C)Native Americans
D)African Americans

Question 51

The primary source of chloride in the typical American diet is table or sea salt.

Question 52

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

A)Potassium
B)Fluoride
C)Iron
D)Copper

Question 53

Potassium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ____________.

A)contraction and relaxation of muscles
B)transmission of nerve impulses
C)cellular metabolism
D)fluid balance

Question 54

When participating in an event,endurance athletes often use which of the following foods or beverages to avoid sodium depletion?

A)Sports drinks
B)Fat-free milk
C)Dill pickles
D)Bottled water

Question 55

Magnesium is a critical component of hemoglobin,the green pigment in plants.

Question 56

Which of the following foods contains the most potassium per serving and is low in fat and sodium?

A)Papaya
B)Corn oil
C)Ground beef
D)Canned tomato soup

Question 57

Which vegetable is a rich source of chloride?

A)Celery
B)Carrot
C)Green bean
D)Asparagus

Question 58

Which of the following groups of people has the highest risk of magnesium deficiency?

A)Teenage boys
B)Vegetarians
C)Alcoholic men
D)Female athletes

Question 59

The body needs magnesium to maintain a healthy immune system.

Question 60

Which of the following foods is not a good source of magnesium?

A)Leafy greens
B)White bread
C)Chocolate
D)Beans

Question 61

Chloride deficiency may result in hypertension.

Question 62

Sulfur is essential for the activity of several enzymes in the human body.

Question 63

Sulfur is a component of all of the following EXCEPT ____________.

A)the antioxidant glutathione
B)the vitamins biotin and thiamin
C)keratin and collagen
D)the amino acids tryptophan and valine

Question 64

The sulfur-containing amino acids are found only in animal foods,such as eggs and milk.

Question 65

Sulfur is a component of which two amino acids?

A)Tryptophan and valine
B)Methionine and cysteine
C)Phenylalanine and aspartic acid
D)Leucine and glutamic acid