Deck 8: Metabolism

Question 1

_____ involves metabolic reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones.

A)Catabolism
B)Polymorphism
C)Anabolism
D)Edentualism

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following compounds can human cells metabolize for energy? (Check all that apply. )

Answer 2

__X__
Lipids
__X__
Alcohol
_____
Water
__X__
Proteins

Question 3

Which of the following forms of metabolism releases the lower amount of energy in the cell?

A)Anaerobic metabolism
B)Aerobic metabolism and anaerobic metabolism release about the same amount of energy.
C)Aerobic metabolism

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_________ contains riboflavin and can pick up two hydrogen ions and two electrons.

A)FAD
B)TPP
C)Coenzyme A
D)NAD

Question 5

A large quantity of ATP molecules is produced during ___________.

A)both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
B)anaerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell
C)aerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell
D)aerobic metabolism when there isn't sufficient oxygen present in the cell

Question 6

Metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller ones are classified as __________.

A)anabolic
B)dynamic
C)metaphysic
D)catabolic

Question 7

Check any accurate statements from the list below.
____ATP is a high-energy phosphate compound.
_____Enzymes are changed during the chemical reactions they catalyze.
____ATP can be broken down to ADP to release energy for cells to use.
____ATP can be formed from ADP through phosphorylation.

Question 8

ATP synthesis occurs in which of the following organelles?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)Lysosome
C)Endoplasmic reticulum
D)Mitochondrion

Question 9

________ is a component of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

A)Thiamin
B)Niacin
C)Riboflavin
D)Vitamin B-6

Question 10

If niacin is not available for the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD),which of the following would occur to the reaction that requires NAD?

Question 11

During glucose catabolism,pyruvate is produced during which of the following metabolic pathways?

A)Citric acid cycle
B)Cytochrome C
C)Electron transport chain
D)Glycolysis

Question 12

Which of the following chemical pathways of glucose catabolism produces the highest amount of ATP molecules?

A)Electron chain transport
B)Glycolysis
C)Citric acid cycle
D)Fermentation

Question 13

Which of the following compounds can be used for energy? (Check all that apply. )

Question 14

Energy is defined as____________.

A)the capacity to perform work
B)movement
C)change
D)transformation

Question 15

Check any accurate statement from the list below.
_____Glycogenolysis is the reverse of glycolysis.
____Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles.
_____Glycogenolysis occurs both in the liver and muscles and releases glucose into the bloodstream.
_____Glycogen catabolism proceeds at a higher rate when excess glucose is available.

Question 16

Series of specific chemical reactions in the cell are known as__________.

A)chemical pathways
B)chemical transformations
C)transformative changes
D)energy expenditures

Question 17

Which of the following compounds enters the citric acid cycle?

A)Pyruvate
B)Cytochrome C
C)Acetyl CoA
D)Glucose

Question 18

___________ is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules.

A)Glycolysis
B)Glucogenesis
C)Glycogenolysis
D)Ketogenesis

Question 19

The organic cofactors that help enzymes catalyze reactions are called __________.

A)cosubstrates
B)coenzymes
C)products
D)reactants

Question 20

What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis?

A)4
B)32
C)2
D)30

Question 21

When a person consumes more protein than needed,the excess amino acids can be converted into glucose or fat.

Question 22

Consuming excessive amounts of carbohydrates can lead to increased accumulation of body fat.

Question 23

Glucogenic amino acids,through metabolic pathways,are broken down into pyruvate or intermediates of the citric acid cycle.

Question 24

: Obtaining energy from fat depends on the _______________.(Check all that apply. )
____hormone-sensitive lipase
____quantity of triglycerides stored in the adipocytes
____activation of fatty acids by binding to coenzyme A
____action of the carnitine

Question 25

Consuming excessive amounts of protein can lead to increased accumulation of body fat.

Question 26

All the following hormones promote catabolic pathways EXCEPT ____________.

A)epinephrine
B)glucagon
C)cortisol
D)insulin

Question 27

Which of the following hormones increases gluconeogenesis in the liver?

A)Cholecystokinin
B)Insulin
C)Gastrin
D)Cortisol

Question 28

_______________ is a chemical pathway that enables muscle cells and liver to store glucose as glycogen.

A)Gluconeogenesis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Lipogenesis
D)Glycolysis

Question 29

Starvation is a highly catabolic state characterized by gluconeogenesis,lipolysis,and ketogenesis.rev: 10_22_2015_QC_CS-30762

Question 30

The higher the number of carbon atoms in a fatty acid,the higher the number of acetyl CoA produced via beta-oxidation.

Question 31

The synthesis of fatty acids is known as _____________.

A)glycogenesis
B)beta-oxidation
C)lipolysis
D)lipogenesis

Question 32

____________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria.

A)Ketogenesis
B)Beta-oxidation
C)Glycogenesis
D)Glycogenolysis

Question 33

Lipogenesis uses the same enzymes and metabolic pathways as beta-oxidation.

Question 34

______________ is the formation of ketone bodies in liver cells from the excess of acetyl CoA produced.

A)Beta-oxidation
B)Ketogenesis
C)Ketone diet
D)Ketoacidosis

Question 35

The primary function of adipocytes is ______________.

A)triglyceride storage
B)glucose storage
C)glycogen synthesis
D)protein synthesis

Question 36

What process must amino acids undergo before they can be used for energy? (Check all that apply. )

Question 37

Complete the following statements regarding hormones and their physiological effect.
1. The hormone insulin has a(n) ------- effect.
2. The hormone glucagon has a(n)-------effect.
3. The hormone epinephrine has a(n) ------effect.

Question 38

For each two carbon segments removed from a fatty acid via beta-oxidation,two reduced electron carriers are produced.

Question 39

Ketogenic amino acids are amino acids that enter the catabolic pathways as acetyl CoA.

Question 40

Which of the following organs are primary sites for glycogen storage? (Check all that apply. )

Question 41

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

A)thyroid
B)salivary
C)adrenal
D)hypothalamus

Question 42

John has 3 alcoholic drinks per day,he is classified as a ______________.

A)heavy drinker
B)binge drinker
C)moderate drinker
D)light drinker

Question 43

The use of proteins for energy is dependent on the amount of __________________.

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin A
D)vitamin B-6

Question 44

The ability to metabolize alcohol is dependent on the activity of the aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Question 45

Karen has type 1 diabetes,and she often forgets to administer insulin to herself.Why does her breath usually have a fruity odor?

A)An excessive amount of glucose has accumulated on her teeth,which eventually contributes to dental decay and "bad breath."
B)She has hyperglycemia,which results in ketosis as her body catabolizes an excessive amount of fatty acids.
C)Her diabetic condition causes fermentation in her small intestine,which results in faulty digestion of certain kinds of fruit.
D)Her liver synthesizes too much bile,which is blocking her bile duct and interfering with fatty acid digestion.

Question 46

______________ is an enzyme that detoxifies alcohol in the stomach.

A)Peptidase
B)Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase
C)Lipase
D)Pancreatic amylase

Question 47

Human cells can convert acetyl CoA into pyruvate.

Question 48

The consequences of insulin resistance include which of the following? (Check all that apply. )

Question 49

An alcohol detoxification rate is dependent on personal characteristics such as ________________.
____body size and composition
____age
____genetic background
____sex

Question 50

The human body can withstand short-term fasting,because the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles can be used as a source of energy.

Question 51

Ketoacidosis is a condition that occurs when the blood's pH drops due to ________________.(Check all that apply)
____excess of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate
____uncontrolled blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus
____excessive fat catabolism
_____absence of ketogenesis

Question 52

Sara has a blood alcohol concentration (BAC)of 0.18.At this BAC,you would expect her to be _____________.

A)disoriented
B)in a stupor
C)light-headed
D)in a coma

Question 53

___________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage.

A)Type 2 diabetes
B)Metabolic syndrome
C)BAC
D)Cirrhosis of the liver

Question 54

Which of the following alcohol-containing beverages contains approximately the same amount of alcohol that is in two 12-ounce bottles of beer?

A)1 ounce of vodka
B)3 ounces of white wine
C)5 ounces of whiskey
D)10 ounces of red wine