Deck 7: Proteins: Amino Acids

Question 1

The body uses proteins to make _____________.

A)trans fats
B)certain hormones
C)magnesium ions
D)calcium carbonate

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Compared to a triglyceride molecule,an amino acid molecule _____________.

A)is comprised of glucose units
B)has three fatty acids attached to a glycerol
C)has nitrogen in its chemical structure
D)provides more energy

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If Kara's body weight is 120 pounds,her RDA for protein is approximately 44 g.rev: 10_09_2015_QC_CS-29164

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's _____________.

A)golgi apparatus
B)DNA
C)plasma membrane
D)ribosomes

Question 5

If a person's RDA for protein is 65 g,they weigh approximately _____ kg.

A)82
B)180
C)155
D)52

Question 6

Which of the following amino acids can be made by the human body?

A)Alanine
B)Leucine
C)Valine
D)Phenylalanine

Question 7

Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure.

A)nitrogen
B)potassium
C)chloride
D)iron

Question 8

Secondary structure refers to the structure of protein comprised of two or more polypeptide chains arranged together in a unique manner.

Question 9

An amino acid does not contain a(n)_____________.

A)amino group
B)acid group
C)carbon skeleton
D)fatty acid group

Question 10

Proteins _____________.

A)provide 7 kcal/g
B)are comprised of amino acids
C)have phosphorus in their chemical structures
D)are stored as glycogen in the body

Question 11

In the stomach,_____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

A)hydrochloric acid and pepsin
B)mucus and cholecystokinin
C)pancreatic amylase and intrinsic factor
D)gastric lipase and intrinsic factor

Question 12

Tertiary structure is a protein's final three-dimensional form.

Question 13

_____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and,as a result,the molecule loses its usual function.

A)Protonation
B)Denaturation
C)Filtration
D)Hydrogenation

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Protein is the primary energy source for the human body.
B)Proteins are a major component of starch molecules.
C)Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.
D)All hormones are proteins.

Question 15

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a _____________.

A)fatty acid chain
B)partially hydrogenated protein
C)glycosidic linkage
D)peptide bond

Question 16

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk.To support normal infant development,the formula must have _____ as an ingredient.

A)tryptophan
B)taurine
C)glutamic acid
D)aspartic acid

Question 17

Which of the following foods is a high-quality protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?

A)½ cup of watermelon chunks
B)8 ounce glass of soy milk
C)6 whole-wheat crackers
D)1 ounce of baby carrots

Question 18

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

A)Fat-free milk
B)Avocado with leafy greens salad
C)Sesame seed crackers
D)Soybean oil

Question 19

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

A)Trypsin
B)Cholecystokinin
C)Bile
D)Amylase

Question 20

Leona is making lemon pudding from "scratch." Her ingredients include fat-free milk,cornstarch,lemon juice,egg yolks,salt,sugar,and butter.When she added some of the ingredients together,little clumps formed in the mixture before she could heat it.What happened to those ingredients?

A)The cornstarch deaminated the lactose in the milk.
B)The salt activated the sugar after being mixed with the egg yolks.
C)The acid in the lemon juice denatured the milk proteins.
D)The cholesterol in the raw egg yolks reacted with the butter.

Question 21

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts.While attending a classroom party,Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts,and she rapidly developed _____ as a result.

A)fibrosis
B)torticollis
C)cirrhosis
D)anaphylaxis

Question 22

An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response.

Question 23

Consuming a high-protein diet may lead to high urine urea nitrogen.

Question 24

Bernard has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week.As a result of the illness,he has a fever and has lost his appetite.Based on this information,his body is in ____ nitrogen balance.

A)deactivated
B)facilitated
C)negative
D)positive

Question 25

A _____ remains when the amino group of an amino acid is removed.

A)carbon skeleton
B)dipeptide fragment
C)fatty acid
D)ribonucleotide

Question 26

Jacob is a healthy,active 14-year-old boy.Recently,he began to experience a growth spurt.Based on this information,his body is in ____ nitrogen balance.

A)positive
B)negative
C)activated
D)inverted

Question 27

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses?

A)Wheat and shellfish
B)Peanuts and other nuts
C)Fish and shellfish
D)Carrots and celery

Question 28

High-protein diets are associated with high urinary losses of calcium.

Question 29

Katrina is 20 years of age.She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day.According to AMDR guidelines,what is her range of protein intake?

A)450 to 900 kcal/day
B)90 to 360 kcal/day
C)180 to 630 kcal/day
D)720 to 1080 kcal/day

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Compared to children in other parts of the world,impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition.
B)Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition.
C)In the United States,teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition.
D)Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.

Question 31

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from _____________.

A)celiac disease
B)hyperglycemia
C)diabetes
D)measles

Question 32

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to _____________.

A)arthritis
B)coronary artery disease
C)dehydration
D)stroke

Question 33

After absorption,amino acids travel to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.

Question 34

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

A)Sunflower seeds
B)Crab
C)Wine
D)Blueberries

Question 35

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with abnormal blood urea nitrogen?

A)Liver failure
B)Malnutrition
C)Kidney disease
D)Colon cancer

Question 36

The ____ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans.

A)small intestine
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)pituitary gland

Question 37

Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?

A)Kidney beans mixed with rice
B)Whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter
C)Salad made with apples,pears,and grapes
D)Pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas

Question 38

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal protein?

A)Slice of American cheese
B)Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots
C)Peanut butter on crackers
D)½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks

Question 39

Lily is 22 years of age.She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day.According to AMDR guidelines,protein should comprise ____% of her total energy intake.

A)30 to 55
B)40 to 65
C)10 to 35
D)20 to 45

Question 40

Final digestion of proteins occurs in the absorptive cells of the large intestine.

Question 41

True or false.Personalized nutrition involves making dietary choices based on your genetic makeup.

Question 42

True or false.Genetic testing allows an infant born with a genetic mutation affecting nutrient metabolism to be treated with a special diets to ensure proper nutrition.

Question 43

When Thompson was 5 years of age,he began to complain that his stomach hurt,especially after eating meals and snacks.He also experienced chronic diarrhea.His parents noticed that he could eat poultry,meat,dairy foods,fruits,and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems,but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches,cookies,crackers,or pancakes.Based on this information,Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for _____________.

A)colon cancer
B)cystic fibrosis
C)celiac disease
D)irritable bowel syndrome

Question 44

Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten?

A)Rye
B)Graham flour
C)Millet
D)Semolina flour

Question 45

Although Jerome and Joseph are the same age,weight and height;Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph.This is an example of _____________.

A)nutrigenetics
B)nutrifanatics
C)nutrigenomics
D)nutripronomics

Question 46

Bryce is an pescavegetarian.Which of the following foods does he refuse to eat?

A)Tuna salad
B)Egg salad
C)Fruit salad
D)Chicken salad

Question 47

Plant-based diets may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs.

A)fiber
B)vitamin C
C)protein
D)sodium

Question 48

You would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease.The original cake recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute _____ for the ____ in the recipe.

A)aspartame;sugar
B)water;milk
C)margarine;butter
D)cornmeal;flour

Question 49

Dallas,a healthy,active teenager,was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old.In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine,which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely?

A)Fried fish
B)Fat-free milk
C)Lean hamburger
D)Baked potatoes

Question 50

High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects.This is an example of _____________.

A)nutripronomics
B)nutrifanatics
C)nutrigenetics
D)nutrigenomics

Question 51

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease.To make the soup according to the recipe,you need to cook chicken,celery,onions,barley,salt,pepper,bay leaf,and carrots in a large amount of water.Based on this information,how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat?

A)Omit the salt and include a beef bouillon cube
B)Replace the barley with rice
C)Add some wine to denature the chicken protein
D)Avoid adding the bay leaf

Question 52

The Human Genome Project was established to to identify the amino acids in human protein.

Question 53

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of _____________.

A)saturated fat
B)cholesterol
C)vitamin B-12
D)vitamin C

Question 54

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid _____________.

A)lying down after meals
B)taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine
C)eating foods that contain phenylalanine
D)consuming foods that contain gluten

Question 55

Fred is a lactovegetarian.Which of the following foods does he eat?

A)Chicken
B)Cheese
C)Eggs
D)Fish

Question 56

As a result of the Human Genome Project,scientists discovered that people's food choices can affect their genes' expression.

Question 57

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine.Based on this information,Cameron has _____________.

A)amino acid toxicity syndrome
B)IBD
C)cystic fibrosis
D)PKU

Question 58

You would like to bake a special pudding for a friend who has celiac disease.The original pudding recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make pudding that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute _____ for the ____ in the recipe.

A)tapioca;flour
B)corn oil;butter
C)apple juice;milk
D)honey;sugar