Deck 6: The Lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and Sterols

Question 1

Most lipids have _____ in their chemical structures.

A)fatty acids
B)amino acids
C)nitrogen and sulfur
D)glucose polymers

Answer 1

A

Question 2

_____ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.

A)Lauric
B)Docosahexaenoic
C)Stearic
D)Linoleic

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

A)HDL
B)Chylomicron
C)VLDL
D)LDL

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Each gram of fat contributes 4 kcal.
B)Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel."
C)Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.
D)Food fat is not a source of essential nutrients.

Question 5

In the body,lipids _____.

A)contribute to proper body hydration
B)help maintain cell membranes
C)stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals
D)are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber

Question 6

Amanda consumes approximately 2500 kcal/day.According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines (2015-2020),she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ____ kcal/day.

A)350
B)250
C)450
D)150

Question 7

Lecithin is a type of _____.

A)sterol
B)fatty acid
C)phospholipid
D)triglyceride

Question 8

Reggie consumes approximately 3000 kcal/day.According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines (2015-2020),he should limit his saturated fat intake to fewer than ____ kcal/day.

A)450
B)300
C)250
D)100

Question 9

Subcutaneous fat does not _____.

A)store energy
B)stimulate red blood cell production
C)protect against minor bruising
D)insulate the body against cold temperatures

Question 10

_____ acid is an essential fatty acid.

A)Linoleic
B)Lauric
C)Stearic
D)Palmitic

Question 11

A chylomicron is a type of _____.

A)phospholipid
B)sterol
C)fatty acid
D)lipoprotein

Question 12

_____ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.

A)Eicosapentaenoic
B)Docosahexaenoic
C)Alpha-linolenic
D)Linoleic

Question 13

In the body,certain lipids _____.

A)stimulate the production of vitamins
B)are used to make minerals
C)are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber
D)provide energy

Question 14

_____ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.

A)Linoleic
B)Stearic
C)Eicosapentaenoic
D)Lauric

Question 15

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?

A)Stearic acid
B)Alpha-linolenic acid
C)Oleic acid
D)Palmitic acid

Question 16

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines,healthy adults should consume _________.

A)less than 200 mg cholesterol/day
B)less than 400 mg cholesterol/day
C)no cholesterol
D)consume as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The omega end of a fatty acid molecule is the acid portion of the molecule.
B)Most fatty acids in food are water soluble.
C)A fatty acid is a polymer of glucose molecules.
D)A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms.

Question 18

In the body,lipids _____.

A)stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals
B)are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber
C)are needed for proper cholesterol digestion
D)provide insulation against cold temperatures

Question 19

Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day.According to recommendations of the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans,she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ____ kcal/day.

A)350
B)250
C)450
D)200

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A fatty acid is a polymer of glucose molecules.
B)Most fatty acids in food are water soluble.
C)In nature,fatty acids typically have even numbers of carbon atoms.
D)The omega end of a fatty acid molecule is the acid portion of the molecule.

Question 21

Cholecystokinin (CCK)is a hormone that _____.

A)stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine
B)increases the production of salivary amylase
C)decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys
D)enables glucose to enter muscle cells

Question 22

The liver uses cholesterol to make _____.

A)bile
B)vitamin A
C)water
D)fatty acids

Question 23

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A)Green beans
B)Whole milk
C)Roast beef
D)Soybean oil

Question 24

Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)Vitamin D intake
B)Household income
C)Male sex
D)Low body fat

Question 25

Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts?

A)Thyroid
B)Liver
C)Brain
D)Esophagus

Question 26

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A)Milk
B)Avocado
C)Chicken
D)Walnuts

Question 27

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)Asian ancestry
B)Low body weight
C)Female sex
D)Hypertension

Question 28

April wants to add _____ to her salad,because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.

A)cheddar cheese
B)bread cubes
C)walnuts
D)coconut oil

Question 29

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A)Corn oil
B)Green beans
C)Canola oil
D)Baked chicken

Question 30

Compared to an unsaturated fatty acid,a trans fatty acid _____.

A)is less likely to undergo oxidation
B)contains no double bonds
C)has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight
D)is comprised of glucose molecules

Question 31

Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease,because he has _____.

A)a family history of cystic fibrosis
B)chronic high blood pressure
C)Asian ancestry
D)high blood levels of HDL cholesterol

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true?

A)All forms of LDL cholesterol are considered unhealthy,because they increase the risk of diabetes.
B)VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal.
C)The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.
D)Hydrolyzed HDL is a toxic lipoprotein that contributes to cardiovascular disease.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A saturated fat has a triple bond between two carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
B)Fatty acids contain nitrogen,hydrogen,and carbon.
C)A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
D)The omega end of a fatty acid molecule contains the acid group.

Question 34

Chase is a 22-year-old college student.According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR),fat should comprise _____% of his total energy intake each day.rev: 03_11_2016_QC_CS-45468

A)5 to 10
B)10 to 20
C)20 to 35
D)35 to 45

Question 35

The body uses cholesterol to make _____.

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin B-12
D)vitamin A

Question 36

The liver recycles bile salts to make new _____.

A)hemoglobin
B)glycogen
C)bile
D)white blood cells

Question 37

The body uses cholesterol to make _____.

A)water
B)vitamin A
C)fatty acids
D)steroid hormones

Question 38

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)Female sex
B)Higher than average intakes of calcium
C)Asian ancestry
D)Type 2 diabetes

Question 39

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)Low income level
B)Increasing age
C)High intakes of vitamin C
D)Asian ancestry

Question 40

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A)Whole milk
B)Corn oil
C)Raw carrots
D)Ground beef

Question 41

A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water.The chemical helps keep water-soluble substances mixed with fats.When analyzing the composition of the chemical,the scientist determined that in addition to carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen,the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms.Based on this information,the compound is a(n)_____.

A)nutrino
B)phospholipid
C)essential fatty acid
D)sterol

Question 42

When he prepares food,Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat.Based on this information,which of the following fats should he select?

A)Unsalted butter
B)Partially hydrogenated shortening
C)Canola oil
D)Coconut oil

Question 43

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level.Based on this information,he should limit his intake of _____.

A)butter and beef
B)fruit juices
C)whole-grain products
D)nuts and seeds

Question 44

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons.Most of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain are connected by single bonds,except there is a double bond between the number 3 and 4 carbons as well as the number 9 and 10 carbons.The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen.Based on this information,the compound is a _____ fatty acid.

A)polyunsaturated
B)hydroxytransylated
C)monounsaturated
D)saturated

Question 45

Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health.While participating in the study,she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins,minerals,egg protein,purified water,and potato starch.Within a few weeks,Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs.Which of the following substances should be added to her formula to treat her nutritional deficiency?

A)Essential fatty acids
B)Cholesterol esters
C)Bile salts
D)Glucose polymers

Question 46

Albert is a healthy,23-year-old college student.He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease,so he can take preventive measures,if they are necessary.Albert should _____.

A)test his urine for the presence of glucocorticoids
B)have a chest x-ray
C)have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood
D)undergo cardiac catheterization to determine the ejection factor of his heart

Question 47

Layla loves to cook,but she is concerned about the effects that certain dietary lipids may have on her health.She wants to prepare foods with fats that are naturally low in saturated fatty acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids.Based on this information,which of the following ingredients should she select?

A)Lard
B)Corn oil
C)Butter
D)Coconut oil

Question 48

When she prepares food,Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat.Based on this information,which of the following fats should she select?

A)Olive oil
B)Coconut oil
C)Cream cheese
D)Unsalted butter

Question 49

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A)Leaf lettuce
B)Flaxseeds
C)Fat-free milk
D)Apples

Question 50

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together.All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds.The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen.Based on this information,the compound is a(n)_____ fatty acid.

A)polyunsaturated
B)saturated
C)monounsaturated
D)essential

Question 51

When he prepares food,Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat.Based on this information,which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?

A)Partially-hydrogenated peanut oil
B)Corn oil
C)Shortening
D)Stick margarine made with olive oil

Question 52

Victor is making cake batter.When he added corn oil,fat-free milk,baking powder,and salt together,the oil and milk separated into two layers.To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components,Victor should add _____ and stir the ingredients together.

A)fruit juice
B)egg yolks
C)whey protein
D)high-fructose corn syrup

Question 53

Having high blood levels of _____ may increase a person's risk of CVD.

A)tryptophan
B)homocysteine
C)aspartic acid
D)HDL

Question 54

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

A)Broccoli
B)Chicken
C)Sunflower seeds
D)Peanuts

Question 55

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together.Most of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds,but there is a double bond between the number 9 and 10 carbons in the chain.The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen.Based on this information,the compound is a(n)_____ fatty acid.

A)monounsaturated
B)essential
C)saturated
D)polyunsaturated

Question 56

Which of the followings statements is true?

A)A saturated fatty acid has one double bond within its hydrocarbon chain.
B)The human body can convert simple carbohydrates into alpha-linolenic acid.
C)Trans fatty acids are naturally in many foods.
D)Certain fish,such as salmon,are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 57

A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together,with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule.The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms.Based on this information,the compound is a(n)_____.

A)fatty acid
B)sterol
C)phospholipid
D)amino acid

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true?

A)High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease.
B)Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells.
C)Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.
D)A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels.

Question 59

Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease,because of her family history and _____.

A)physically active lifestyle
B)European ancestry
C)high blood levels of LDL cholesterol
D)low blood pressure

Question 60

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

A)Insoluble fiber
B)HDL
C)LDL
D)Insulin

Question 61

_______ contribute to the flexibility,structure,and proper functioning of cell membranes.

A)Phospholipids
B)Saturated fatty acids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Fat-soluble vitamins

Question 62

Dana wants to reduce her blood cholesterol level by eating _____.

A)less beef
B)fewer fruits and vegetables
C)more partially-hydrogenated fats
D)more coconut oil

Question 63

Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record.According to the results of the analysis,his average fat intake was _____% of total calories each day,which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A)5
B)25
C)15
D)10

Question 64

Lipids are soluble in organic solvents such as acetone but insoluble in water.

Question 65

Maria usually consumes about 2000 kcal/day.On average,her fat intake is approximately 90 g/day.Based on this information,which of the following statements describes Maria's diet?

A)Maria's fat intake is higher than the AMDR.
B)Maria's fat intake is within the AI.
C)Maria's fat intake is not high enough to support good health.
D)Maria's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids.

Question 66

Cocoa butter is a poor source of saturated fat.

Question 67

Don recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet.According to the results of the analysis,his average daily saturated fat intake was 5% of total calories and his average daily unsaturated fat intake was 12% of total calories.Based on this information,his total fat intake is ______ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A)above
B)below
C)within
D)More information about Don's omega-3 intake is needed to answer this question.

Question 68

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Based on this information,Bill should _____.

A)smoke no more than a pack of cigarettes daily
B)consume more saturated fat
C)gain some body weight
D)become more physically active

Question 69

Plant sterols and stanols are structurally similar to cholesterol,and as a result,plant sterols and stanols can interfere with cholesterol absorption.

Question 70

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

A)Green beans
B)Roast pork
C)Ripe banana
D)White potato

Question 71

Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?

A)Pork steak
B)Organic carrots
C)Rolled oats
D)High-fructose corn syrup

Question 72

Lipids include phospholipids,sterols,and amino acids.

Question 73

Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record.According to the results of the analysis,her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories;her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories;and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg.Based on this information,her total fat intake is _____ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A)above
B)within
C)below
D)More information about Phyllis's omega-6 intake is needed to answer this question.

Question 74

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol?

A)Coconut oil
B)Peanut butter
C)Margarine
D)Whole milk

Question 75

A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol,which acts as a backbone for their attachment.

Question 76

Carlos has a family history of premature heart disease and stroke.To lower his risk of cardiovascular disease,Carlos should _____.

A)increase his intake of trans fat
B)take medication to increase his blood pressure
C)stop smoking cigarettes
D)increase his intake of vitamin K

Question 77

The difference between one triglyceride and another resides in the type of fatty acids attached to each glycerol.

Question 78

Which of the following plant oils contains the highest amount of saturated fat per tablespoon?

A)Coconut oil
B)Canola oil
C)Walnut oil
D)Safflower oil

Question 79

Choline is used by nerve cells to form the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Question 80

Owen usually consumes about 3000 kcal/day.On average,his fat intake is approximately 80 g/day.Based on this information,which of the following statements describes Owen's diet?

A)Owen's fat intake is too high.
B)Owen's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids.
C)Owen's fat intake is within the AMDR.
D)Owen's fat intake is not high enough to support good health.