Deck 12: Leadership in Organizational Settings

Question 1

Leaders should not monitor others' emotions and discriminate among them.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Leaders' ability to monitor their own and others' emotions, discriminate among them, and use the information to guide their thoughts and actions refers to emotional intelligence. High emotional intelligence is essential for a successful leader.

Question 2

Integrity is ultimately based on the leader's values,which provide an anchor for consistency.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: Integrity is ultimately based on the leader's values, which provide an anchor for consistency.

Question 3

Shared leadership roles are formally assigned by the team and managers.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: Shared leadership doesn't operate out of one formally assigned position or role.

Question 4

Task-oriented leaders clarify duties and procedures,ensure that employees follow company rules and push them to reach their performance capacity.

Question 5

A supervisor uses subtle persuasion to ensure that subordinates have the motivation and role clarity to achieve specified goals.This can be considered leadership.

Question 6

University students tend to value people-oriented instructors over task-oriented instructors.

Question 7

Servant leadership occurs when employees believe that their energy is put into serving their leader rather than accomplishing organizational objectives.

Question 8

Organizational behavior takes the view that only people in management and other positions of formal authority in organizations can be leaders.

Question 9

Effective leaders are good at expressing emotions,as well as regulating emotions in themselves and others.

Question 10

High level of extroversion is a weak predictor of leadership.

Question 11

The behavioral perspective of leadership focuses on the effectiveness of participative and achievement-oriented leadership styles.

Question 12

Shared leadership is the view that anyone in the organization may be a leader in various ways and at various times.

Question 13

Leadership is the ability to influence,motivate,and enable others to contribute to organizational effectiveness.

Question 14

The competency perspective of leadership advocates the view that situational characteristics distinguish great leaders from the rest of us.

Question 15

Unlike the traditional view of leadership,shared leadership lacks formal authority.

Question 16

The competency perspective of leadership assumes that all effective leaders have the same personal characteristics that are equally important in all situations.

Question 17

Job performance is higher among employees who work for supervisors with low levels of task-oriented leadership and high levels of people-oriented leadership.

Question 18

Servant leaders try to understand employee needs and facilitate their work performance.

Question 19

According to the competency perspective of leadership,self-concept,integrity,knowledge of the business,and emotional intelligence are important leadership competencies.

Question 20

Leadership competencies identify leadership potential,not leadership performance.

Question 21

According to path-goal theory,supportive leadership is desirable for employees who work in teams with low cohesiveness.

Question 22

A strategic vision represents the substance of transformational leadership.

Question 23

Charismatic leadership refers more to a set of behaviors that engage followers toward a better future,whereas transformational leadership refers mainly to personal traits that provide referent power over followers.

Question 24

Participative leadership behaviors encourage and facilitate subordinate involvement in decisions beyond their normal work activities.

Question 25

Path-goal theory has its roots in the expectancy theory of motivation.

Question 26

Supportive leadership is the same as people-oriented leadership.

Question 27

The directive style is most effective when employees have routine and simple tasks.

Question 28

In the achievement-oriented leadership style,leaders expect employees to perform at an optimal level and set realistic goals.

Question 29

The situational leadership model states that a person's leadership style cannot be changed and leaders should be placed in situations that match their natural style.

Question 30

According to path-goal leadership theory,directive leadership should never be applied to inexperienced employees.

Question 31

Transformational leaders shape a strategic vision of the future that focuses employees on a superordinate organizational goal.

Question 32

Employee benefits such as reward systems cannot replace or reduce the need for task-oriented leadership.

Question 33

Transactional leaders are mainly change agents.

Question 34

According to Fiedler's contingency model,leaders should attempt to change their style to fit the situation.

Question 35

The achievement-oriented leadership style applies the goal-setting and self-fulfilling prophecy concepts.

Question 36

Transactional leaders influence others mainly by using rewards and penalties as well as by negotiating services from employees.

Question 37

Managers should use directive and supportive styles of leadership when employees have an external locus of control.

Question 38

Organizations should use transformational leadership instead of transactional leadership.

Question 39

The leadership substitutes theory identifies conditions that either limit the leader's ability to influence subordinates or make a particular leadership style unnecessary.

Question 40

The situational leadership model identifies four leadership styles,telling,selling,participating,and delegating.

Question 41

_____ leadership refers to how well leaders are aware of,feel comfortable with,and act consistently with their self-concept.

A) Authentic
B) Transformational
C) Transactional
D) Behavioral
E) Implicit

Question 42

Surveys report that women are rated lower than men on the emerging leadership qualities of coaching,teamwork,and empowering employees.

Question 43

According to the _____ perspective of leadership,leadership is associated with the personal characteristics of the person.

A) transactional
B) competency
C) behavioral
D) contingency
E) implicit

Question 44

The implicit leadership theory states that everyone has beliefs about leadership prototypes.

Question 45

Research indicates that male and female leaders widely differ in their levels of task-oriented and people-oriented leadership.

Question 46

Effective leaders have a strong need for socialized power,meaning that they want power as a means to accomplish organizational objectives and similar good deeds.This behavior of leaders refers to:

A) emotional intelligence.
B) cognitive intelligence.
C) integrity.
D) drive.
E) leadership motivation.

Question 47

Successful leaders have a positive self-evaluation,including high self-esteem,self-efficacy,and internal locus of control.This refers to the leaders' _____.

A) drives
B) self-concept
C) cognitive intelligence
D) emotional intelligence
E) leadership motivation

Question 48

According to the implicit leadership perspective,we are more likely to believe that a leader is effective if the leader looks and acts consistently with our prototype.

Question 49

Women tend to use the participative leadership style less readily than their male counterparts.

Question 50

The competency perspective of leadership identifies drive,integrity,and emotional intelligence as the:

A) substitutes for leadership.
B) main elements of situational leadership theory.
C) competencies of effective leaders.
D) contingencies in path-goal theory.
E) essential traits of engaging in transactional leadership.

Question 51

The competency (trait) perspective of leadership:

A) is one of the most recently studied perspectives of leadership.
B) is no longer accepted as an approach to understanding leadership in organizations.
C) takes a contingency approach by identifying the best leadership competencies under different conditions.
D) holds the view that leaders' competency is dependent on the situation.
E) presents the view that certain personal characteristics distinguish great leaders from the rest of us.

Question 52

Transformational leadership is more appropriate when organizations have stable environmental conditions.

Question 53

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of leadership?

A) Leadership refers to transforming the day-to-day activities of an organization to increase its effectiveness.
B) Leadership refers to the personality traits of an individual which makes him or her guide an organization to better performance and effectiveness.
C) Leadership refers to the abilities of an individual to act according to the changes in the environment.
D) Leadership is influencing, motivating, and enabling others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations.
E) Leadership refers to the capabilities of certain individuals to introduce successful changes in organizational performance.

Question 54

Transformational leadership is usually described as a contingency-oriented model rather than a universal model.

Question 55

Which of the following characteristics addresses leaders' high need for achievement?

A) Integrity
B) Emotional intelligence
C) Drive
D) Self confidence
E) Leadership motivation

Question 56

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of shared leadership?

A) Shared leadership operates out of one formally assigned position shared by two employees.
B) Leaders should share their power and responsibility to avoid self-serving bias among employees.
C) Leadership of an organization is broadly distributed rather than assigned to one person.
D) For organizations to move from autocratic to democratic institutions, shared leadership must be implemented.
E) A team should have more than one leader to perform effectively.

Question 57

Implicit leadership theory holds the view that leader prototypes are more important than the attribution of leadership.

Question 58

Which of the following statements about emotional intelligence and leadership is true?

A) Emotional intelligence is one of the most frequently identified contingencies of employees when choosing the best leadership style.
B) Emotional intelligence is one of the desired competencies of effective leaders.
C) Emotional intelligence is the psychological condition that makes people want to believe that leaders make a difference.
D) Emotional intelligence refers to the leader's above-average cognitive ability to process information.
E) Emotional intelligence makes leaders function with a transactional rather than a transformational orientation.

Question 59

According to the competency (trait) perspective of leadership:

A) effective leadership involves being both task-oriented and people-oriented.
B) the best leadership style depends on the situation.
C) introducing specific environmental conditions can replace the need for leaders.
D) leadership is a personal characteristic of the person.
E) people tend to inflate the importance of leadership in explaining organizational events.

Question 60

_____ is knowing yourself and being yourself.

A) Authenticity
B) Integrity
C) Cognition
D) Humility
E) Drive

Question 61

Which of the following is a limitation of the competency perspective of leadership?

A) It ignores the potential traits of a leader and hence cannot be used to identify leaders.
B) It suggests that leadership varies according to situations but does not provide remedies to solve any problems related to it.
C) It supports the view that every individual possesses leadership qualities.
D) It does not consider the importance of integrity and emotional intelligence in leadership.
E) It views leadership as something within a person.

Question 62

According to the behavioral perspective of leadership:

A) all great leaders are highly task-oriented and are rated low in people-orientation.
B) leadership behaviors are dependent on the leaders' skills, aptitudes, and situation.
C) leadership behaviors are clustered into people-oriented and task-oriented leadership.
D) the best leadership style depends on the employee's behavior at the time of interaction.
E) leadership style is related to the individual's personality and, consequently, organizations should engineer the situation to fit the leader's dominant style.

Question 63

According to the situational leadership theory (SLT) developed by Hersey and Blanchard,effective leaders vary their style with the:

A) ability and motivation of followers.
B) availability of leadership substitutes.
C) leader's capacity to engage in participative management.
D) leader's integrity, influence, and other traits or competencies.
E) leaders' personality and perceptions.

Question 64

Telling,selling,participating,and delegating represent the four leadership styles identified in:

A) path-goal theory.
B) transformational leadership theory.
C) leadership competencies theory.
D) situational leadership theory.
E) implicit leadership theory.

Question 65

Which of the following leadership theories or perspectives explicitly includes the participative and the directive style?

A) Competency (trait) perspective
B) Transformational leadership theory
C) Implicit leadership perspective
D) Path-goal theory
E) Transactional perspective

Question 66

Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is most closely associated with goal-setting and positive self-fulfilling prophecy?

A) Directive
B) Supportive
C) Participative
D) Achievement-oriented
E) Encouraging

Question 67

The competency perspective of leadership indicates leadership:

A) performance.
B) potential.
C) behavior.
D) contingency.
E) transformation.

Question 68

Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is the same as people-oriented leadership in the behavioral perspective of leadership?

A) Directive
B) Supportive
C) Participative
D) Achievement-oriented
E) Facultative

Question 69

Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is the same as task-oriented leadership in the behavioral perspective of leadership?

A) Directive
B) Supportive
C) Participative
D) Achievement-oriented
E) Collaborative

Question 70

A problem associated with path-goal theory is that:

A) it has received less research support than other contingency leadership models.
B) some elements of the theory have not yet been investigated.
C) it ignores the possibility that the best leadership style depends on the situation.
D) it overlooks the two dimensions of leadership identified in the behavioral perspective of leadership.
E) it ignores team dynamics as a possible contingency of leadership.

Question 71

According to the behavioral perspective of leadership,_____ includes showing mutual trust and respect for subordinates and having a desire to look out for their welfare.

A) task-orientation
B) people-orientation
C) achievement-orientation
D) transaction-orientation
E) participation-orientation

Question 72

Path-goal theory argues that:

A) leadership is relatively unimportant in high-performance organizations.
B) participative leadership is the most effective style of leadership.
C) supportive leadership is best suited to maximize organizational performance.
D) great leaders have certain common personal characteristics and goals.
E) effective leaders select the most appropriate behavior based on the situation.

Question 73

According to the behavioral perspective of leadership,_____ includes defining and structuring work roles,clarifying employees' work duties and procedures,and pushing employees to reach their performance capacity.

A) achievement-orientation
B) participation-orientation
C) task-orientation
D) transformational-orientation
E) people-orientation

Question 74

Which of the following clusters of leadership behaviors are identified by the behavioral perspective of leadership?

A) Task-oriented and people-oriented
B) Transformational and transactional
C) Supportive and achievement-oriented
D) Transformational and implicit
E) Extrovert and competency-based

Question 75

A combination of _____ leadership is best for employees who are (or perceive themselves to be) inexperienced and unskilled.

A) achievement-oriented and directive
B) participative and directive
C) directive and supportive
D) supportive and achievement-oriented
E) supportive and participative

Question 76

Which of the following leadership styles should be used by leaders when team cohesiveness is low?

A) Directive
B) Supportive
C) Participative
D) Achievement-oriented
E) Authoritative

Question 77

Which of the following is a leadership style identified in path-goal theory?

A) Achievement-oriented leadership
B) Selling leadership
C) Transformational leadership
D) Emotional intelligence
E) Transactional leadership

Question 78

People with an external locus of control tend to be more satisfied with _____ leadership styles.

A) achievement-oriented and directive
B) participative and directive
C) directive and supportive
D) supportive and achievement-oriented
E) supportive and participative

Question 79

Servant leadership emphasizes the notion that:

A) employees are paid to serve their leaders.
B) leaders should be able to serve the organization by maximizing employee performance.
C) employees are servants in the organization, so they should place organizational objectives above their personal needs.
D) leaders should serve the organization rather than the society.
E) leaders serve followers, rather than vice versa.

Question 80

According to the behavioral perspective of leadership,task-oriented leaders:

A) establish challenging goals.
B) develop mutual trust and respect for subordinates.
C) listen to employees' suggestions.
D) do personal favors for employees.
E) establish a personal relationship with employees.