Deck 3: Cognition and Intrapersonal Communication

Question 1

______ includes the processes of reducing,elaborating,transforming,and storing stimuli.

A)Uncertainty
B)Cognition
C)Causes
D)Effects

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When someone violates our expectations and we label it ______,we then tend to ______ that behavior.

A)positive;reciprocate
B)positive;compensate
C)negative;reciprocate
D)ambiguous;compensate

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Saul would like to buy a new car that is more environmentally friendly,however,his son is joining several soccer teams (he is getting to be a very good player),and his wife would like to return to school and finish up her last few credits.How is Saul trying to prevent dissonance?

A)perceived importance
B)dissonance ratio
C)rationalize
D)schemata

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When consensus is low,consistency is high,and distinctiveness is low,we tend to make ______.

A)situational (external)attributions
B)dispositional (internal)attributions
C)the fundamental attribution error
D)correspondent inferences

Question 5

______ is NOT an antecedent condition of Uncertainty Reduction Theory.

A)Anticipation of future interactions
B)Incentive value
C)Violation valence
D)Deviance

Question 6

Ellen expects her boss,Angela,to treat her with respect.One day Angela screams at Ellen,angrily saying "Can't you do anything right?" Ellen is very upset.How would expectancy violation theory predict that Ellen will respond?

A)Ellen will equivocate.
B)Ellen will reciprocate.
C)Ellen will dispensate.
D)Ellen will compensate.

Question 7

Mae does not support the governor and the initiatives of the governor.When commercials come on the TV,Mae changes the channel.How is Mae trying to prevent dissonance?

A)selective exposure
B)selective attention
C)selective interpretation
D)selective retention

Question 8

When Burgoon first developed her theory,she was initially interested in what happens when someone ______.

A)compensates instead of reciprocates
B)infringes on our personal space
C)makes a dispositional attribution instead of a situational one
D)meets a new person for the first time

Question 9

Ryan is starting a new job and is both excited and nervous.At his previous job,employees always ate lunch at their desks and often worked 10-12 hour days.With the new job,Ryan isn't sure what to expect--should he stay late? Should he pack a lunch? Should he wear a suit? According to Berger,Ryan's questions are examples of ______.

A)behavioral uncertainty
B)deviance
C)expectancy violation valence
D)passive uncertainty reduction

Question 10

One day you notice new neighbors moving in across the street.Because you have never interacted with them before,you are uncertain about what they are like.You decide to walk over and talk to them.Based on this description,which best explains why you decided to reduce uncertainty?

A)behavioral uncertainty
B)anticipation of future interaction
C)reciprocity
D)conventional politeness

Question 11

Judgments and conclusions that provide reasons for behavior are called ______.

A)uncertainties
B)reciprocities
C)attributions
D)situational factors

Question 12

Regina is bragging to her group members in class that she received a refund from a salon twice.She didn't report or return the second mistaken refund.Cera doesn't know Regina very well,and she asks the other group members what they would have done in that situation.Cera is using ______.

A)consensus
B)consistency
C)distinctiveness
D)hedonic relevance

Question 13

The last of Berger's uncertainty reduction strategies is ______,which is when you go straight to the source in question and ask for as much information as possible.

A)passive
B)active
C)interactive
D)reactive

Question 14

When consensus is high,consistency is low,and distinctiveness is high,we tend to make ______.

A)situational (external)attributions
B)dispositional (internal)attributions
C)the fundamental attribution error
D)correspondent inferences

Question 15

Phil cheated on Dani.Dani forgives him because he has never cheated on her before or even flirted with others.Dani is using ______.

A)consensus
B)consistency
C)distinctiveness
D)hedonic relevance

Question 16

______ is most likely to lead to a change,either in behavior or beliefs.

A)Irrelevance
B)Consonance
C)Dissonance
D)Schemata

Question 17

Pam recently met Bill.However,she has no desire to reduce her uncertainty about Bill.How would Berger and Calabrese explain this situation?

A)Bill acts strangely.
B)Bill is withholding something Pam wants.
C)Bill thinks Pam will benefit him.
D)Pam must not expect to see Bill again.

Question 18

______ is a post-decision theory.

A)Attribution theory
B)Uncertainty reduction theory
C)Expectancy violations theory
D)Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 19

Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that individuals will decipher ambiguous information so it seems to be congruent with established beliefs.This is known as ______.

A)selective exposure
B)selective attention
C)selective interpretation
D)selective retention

Question 20

Frankie was voted to be the next president of the fraternity over Mikael.Mikael is often late to fraternity meetings,and Frankie believes Mikael is doing this to disrespect him and show he doesn't have power even though he is the president.Frankie is using ______.

A)social desirability
B)social role
C)hedonic relevance
D)personalism

Question 21

You can assess intentions by focusing on the assumed social desirability of the actor's actions.

Question 22

Hedonic relevance shapes your assessment of the actor's intentions.

Question 23

Explain violation valence.

Question 24

To persuade someone,we should focus on the irrelevance between beliefs and behaviors.

Question 25

According to CDT,______ results from an individual's internal struggle to change beliefs or behaviors to restore consonance.

A)motivation
B)passivity
C)attribution
D)dispositional factors

Question 26

The ______ is the proportion of incongruent beliefs held in relation to the number of consonant beliefs.

A)selective exposure
B)post-decision theory
C)selective attention
D)dissonance ratio

Question 27

Verbal communication typically decreases ones uncertainty.

Question 28

Cognitive dissonance is a post-decision theory.

Question 29

Identify and give an example for each of the three antecedent conditions necessary for motivating one to reduce uncertainty.Which condition do you think is most important? Why?

Question 30

Identify and explain five of the eight axioms of Uncertainty Reduction Theory.

Question 31

We might judge an actor's distinctiveness,that is,whether the person acts differently depending on the situation.

Question 32

What does Burgoon mean by expectancy? Explain.Then,identify and describe each of the three factors that make up someone's expectancy.Give an example for each factor.

Question 33

Consensus is the best indicator of whether a behavior is situational or dispositional.

Question 34

Cognitive structures used for organizing new information are known as ______.

A)magnitude of dissonance
B)schemata
C)irrelevance
D)personalism

Question 35

According to EVT,behavioral violations are almost always negative.

Question 36

Personalism is when a person behaves in a manner to match social conventions.

Question 37

Early Attribution theory research posited that the intent of dispositional behaviors were the most important.

Question 38

Explain communicator reward valence.