Deck 11: Mass Communication

Question 1

This process allows you to learn from the observed behaviors.

A)redaction
B)reduction
C)retention
D)retaliation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

______ occurs when minority persons are significantly less visible on TV than in real life,and those characters are more likely to be portrayed as victims of violence.

A)Mainstreaming
B)Mean world syndrome
C)Resonance
D)Symbolic double jeopardy

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to cultivation theory,the mass media "homogenizes" media consumers,making them think in similar ways and have similar values as those they view.This is known as ______.

A)encoding
B)symbolic ideology
C)mainstreaming
D)resonance

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Under which circumstances does agenda-setting seem to really work?

A)when the news coverage is frequent and repetitive
B)when audience members are passive recipients
C)when the news coverage uses a dominant code
D)when the audience has a need for orientation

Question 5

Martin is in charge at a college radio station.He knows most listeners are not tuned in on Saturday mornings,so he always schedules alternative news stories at that time.Martin is a(n)______.

A)change agent
B)gatekeeper
C)opinion leader
D)none of these

Question 6

A short article was recently covered on CNN regarding a case in which a teenager committed suicide after having an argument on MySpace.For four days straight,CNN also covered a lengthy article about a teenager who sleeps with a pet python.The differences in this coverage are included in which factor of Agenda Setting Theory?

A)select
B)emphasize
C)elaborate
D)exclude

Question 7

According to social cognitive theory of mass communication,we experience ______ motivation when we perceive we will be rewarded if modeling an observed behavior.

A)retention
B)direct
C)vicarious
D)self-produced

Question 8

In the ______ process,according to social cognitive theory of mass communication,we organize,remember,and mentally rehearse behavior.

A)attention
B)retention
C)reproduction
D)motivation

Question 9

According to the Adler and Proctor textbook,the process whereby the media calls attention to some aspects of reality while obscuring other elements is known as ______.

A)framing
B)priming
C)selective exposure
D)spiral of silence

Question 10

Heavy TV viewers attend to the TV an average of ______ hours a day.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4+

Question 11

According to Gerbner,one established difference between light and heavy viewers is that heavy viewers are ______.

A)desensitized to the impact of television
B)less selective when deciding what programs to watch
C)more selective when deciding what programs to watch
D)less afraid of walking alone at night

Question 12

This media theory suggests that media is omnipresent and unavoidable in our lives.It also suggests that it shapes our sense of reality.

A)agenda setting theory
B)encoding/decoding theory
C)social cognitive theory of mass communication
D)cultivation

Question 13

Nora's sister was bit by a shark last summer.Nora has noticed that there have been many reports on shark attacks in the media,and now she is afraid of the ocean.This is an example of ______.

A)mainstreaming
B)mean world syndrome
C)resonance
D)symbolic double jeopardy

Question 14

A man was shot and killed in the middle of the day last spring.The story was not published in the local papers,however information about pool and library closings did receive attention.Which factor of Agenda Setting Theory was affected?

A)select
B)emphasize
C)elaborate
D)exclude

Question 15

News coverage in the Midwest followed the death of a student,but for several months the college did not report that the death was believed to be a homicide.When the first report was provided,which factor of Agenda Setting Theory was affected?

A)select
B)emphasize
C)elaborate
D)exclude

Question 16

According to ______ the media produce messages that support the dominant ideology.

A)agenda setting theory
B)encoding/decoding theory
C)social cognitive theory of mass communication
D)cultivation theory

Question 17

Adam often calls Becca "dollface" because he thinks it cute,but she finds that word condescending.This is an example of ______.

A)encoding
B)decoding
C)connotation
D)denotation

Question 18

______ is when heavy viewers have a common view of a social reality.TV shows attempt to exacerbate this by creating shows accessible to everyone.

A)Mainstreaming
B)Mean world syndrome
C)Resonance
D)Symbolic double jeopardy

Question 19

When using the ______ code,the receiver accepts the dominant ideology in general but engages in some selective interpretation in order to better fit his or her view of the world.

A)negotiated
B)oppositional
C)dominant
D)Morse

Question 20

When "reading" a message,a person can accept the dominant ideology but also engage in selective interpretation.

A)preferred reading
B)negotiated code
C)oppositional code
D)motivational code

Question 21

The mean-world syndrome occurs when light viewers of TV significantly overestimate real-life danger they face every day.

Question 22

There is no such thing as "value-free" communication.

Question 23

The effects of TV are small and do not make a significant difference in the way people think,feel,and interact.

Question 24

The role of violence between daytime and primetime programming differ little.

Question 25

The dictionary or literal meaning of a word or message is which of the following?

A)connotative
B)denotative
C)demonstrative
D)congruent

Question 26

The term ______ does not necessarily imply someone is against dominant values or beliefs;it simply means the individual doing an ______ reading of a message understands the dominant ideology but chooses to interpret the message differently.

A)obsessive
B)operational
C)obtrusive
D)oppositional

Question 27

According to social cognitive theory of mass communication,we can learn even without personal experience.

Question 28

The direct path of influence suggests that people are influenced by media and by other people through social media related to the original programming.

Question 29

A person's political ideology influences what people view as "fake."

Question 30

According to Encoding/Decoding Theory,we must oppose and fight the dominant code.

Question 31

According to agenda setting theory,the news media are selective when reporting the news,and,as a result,much of reality is not covered by the media.Explain the four step framing process used by media gatekeepers.Give an example to illustrate each concept.

Question 32

By telling us what to think about,the news media also are telling us what to think.

Question 33

Define and discuss the reproduction process.

Question 34

Doug isn't sure he should let his son watch the movie Kick-Ass,which is about a kid who is a superhero.The film depicts quite a bit of violence and caused controversy when released.Use social cognitive learning theory to argue whether Doug should be worried or not.Be sure to include all four processes.

Question 35

The terms "mass media" and "mediated communication" can be used interchangeably.

Question 36

Just because Jill and Jamie watch television does not mean that they will develop the "mean-world syndrome." Explain the mean world syndrome--what is it? How does it develop? Who is most affected? In your response,make sure to identify and explain the two ways that cultivate the mean world syndrome.

Question 37

Define and discuss vicarious motivation.

Question 38

Second level agenda-setting is also known as ______.

A)liberal agenda setting
B)attribute agenda setting
C)conservative agenda setting
D)independent agenda setting