Deck 27: Vitamins, Trace Elements, and Nutritional Assessment

Question 1

Which one of the following vitamins will aid in the absorption of iron by the intestine?

A) C
B) B₁₂
C) A
D) D

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Deficiency of which of the following vitamins will result in decreased heme synthesis?

A) Niacin
B) Thiamine
C) Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
D) Riboflavin

Answer 2

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

Question 3

In trace element analysis,the coupling of an analytical procedure with a technique that separates the chemical complexes of individual elements present in any medium is referred to as a(n):

A) speciation analysis.
B) hyphenated technique.
C) atomic absorption spectrometry procedure.
D) complexed analysis.

Answer 3

hyphenated technique.

Question 4

Which one of the following trace elements,when combined with an enzyme,is essential for stabilization of extracellular matrixes such as collagen and elastin?

A) Cobalt
B) Chromium
C) Copper
D) Zinc

Question 5

Activity of which one of the following enzymes might be markedly affected by a deficiency of zinc?

A) Creatinine kinase
B) Cholinesterase
C) Alkaline phosphatase
D) Gamma glutamyl-transferase

Question 6

A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital in mild congestive heart failure.She complained of a burning sensation in her calves and feet and of weight loss.Upon admission she appeared confused,depressed,and pale.She had some edema around her ankles.Her lab results were as follows: low hemoglobin and hematocrit,increased RBC size,decreased RBC and WBC count,and hypersegmented neutrophils.All basic chemistry values were normal.Which vitamin should be tested for deficiency?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₁₂
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

Question 7

The trace element that is important in the stabilization of the surface of a regenerating tooth is:

A) copper.
B) boron.
C) fluoride.
D) manganese.

Question 8

What specific specimen collection procedures should be observed when assessing zinc deficiency?

A) Plasma is the specimen of choice to avoid contamination by RBCs,WBCs,and platelets.
B) Steel collection needles and EDTA-containing blood-collection tubes should be used.
C) A 24-hour urine collection with no preservative added should be used for analysis.
D) Plastic cannulae and special collection tubes should be used for collection of this element.

Question 9

What is the common cause of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency?

A) Hyperkeratosis
B) Scurvy
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Rickets

Question 10

Trace elements are:

A) organic molecules derived from a vitamin that functions catalytically in an enzyme system.
B) inorganic molecules found in human and animal tissues in milligram per kilogram amounts or less.
C) organic micronutrients that must be supplied exogenously and are often the precursors to a metabolically derived coenzyme.
D) natural reactants,usually either a metal ion or coenzyme,required in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Question 11

A lack of _____ leads to the symptoms observed in vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.

A) retinol binding protein
B) calcium ingestion
C) adequate vitamin intake
D) intrinsic factor

Question 12

A 10-year-old girl visits her pediatrician.The physician notes that the girl has immature secondary sex characteristics and small stature.Her mother who has accompanied her complains that the adolescent also exhibits very slow healing of cuts and scrapes and has had some hair loss.Your laboratory has ruled out any inborn error of metabolism and possible cancer.Deficiency of what trace element might be responsible for the stated symptoms?

A) Copper
B) Chromium
C) Selenium
D) Zinc

Question 13

Which one of the following statements concerning folic acid is correct?

A) Folic acid is a component of coenzyme A and is required for fat metabolism.
B) Folic acid acts as a hormone in calcium regulation.
C) Folic acid deficiency results in megaloblastic anemia.
D) One form of folic acid is referred to as pyridoxal phosphate.

Question 14

Which vitamin is given to a newborn within minutes of birth?

A) D
B) B₁₂
C) A
D) K

Question 15

Scurvy is associated with deficiency of which one of the following vitamins?

A) A
B) C
C) B₁₂
D) D

Question 16

The most commonly used method of analysis for assessing vitamins A,K,and B₆ is:

A) spectrophotometry.
B) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
C) immunoassay.
D) competitive protein binding.

Question 17

Absorption of vitamin B₁₂ requires the presence of:

A) intrinsic factor.
B) vitamin C.
C) insulin.
D) folic acid.

Question 18

Which one of the following trace elements would be most affected when a hemolyzed sample is used for analysis?

A) Copper
B) Chromium
C) Manganese
D) Cobalt

Question 19

Poor dark adaptation or night blindness is associated with:

A) pernicious anemia.
B) hypervitaminosis B₁₂.
C) scurvy.
D) deficiency of vitamin A.

Question 20

Which one of the following vitamins would be least affected by long periods of fat malabsorption?

A) A
B) E
C) D
D) C

Question 21

Match the trace or ultratrace elements with the clinical disorders associated with either deficiency or toxicity.
Copper

A)Menkes disease
B)Lung cancer
C)Loss of immunocompetence
D)Parkinson disease-like symptoms

Question 22

Match the trace or ultratrace elements with the clinical disorders associated with either deficiency or toxicity.
Chromium

A)Menkes disease
B)Lung cancer
C)Loss of immunocompetence
D)Parkinson disease-like symptoms

Question 23

MATCHING
Match the correct vitamin to the disorder that the vitamin deficiency would cause.
Cobalamin

A)Impaired blood coagulation
B)Megaloblastic anemia
C)Night blindness
D)Beriberi

Question 24

The ease with which iron can move from a reduced form to an oxidized form in its metalloprotein transferrin is important because:

A) only the reduced form of iron can be stored as transferrin.
B) transport of iron in transferrin occurs only in the oxidized state.
C) it can block the excessive uptake of copper in hepatocytes.
D) the oxidized form of iron reacts best when binding oxygen.

Question 25

The vitamin that is an antioxidant that acts as a scavenger for lipid Peroxyl-free radicals and that has a role in RBC protection from hemolysis is:

A) A.
B) B_6.
C) E.
D) K.

Question 26

The trace element that is thought to mimic insulin because of its activation of the cellular insulin response is:

A) boron.
B) silicon.
C) fluoride
D) vanadium.

Question 27

Match the trace or ultratrace elements with the clinical disorders associated with either deficiency or toxicity.
Manganese

A)Menkes disease
B)Lung cancer
C)Loss of immunocompetence
D)Parkinson disease-like symptoms

Question 28

MATCHING
Match the correct vitamin to the disorder that the vitamin deficiency would cause.
Thiamine

A)Impaired blood coagulation
B)Megaloblastic anemia
C)Night blindness
D)Beriberi

Question 29

MATCHING
Match the correct vitamin to the disorder that the vitamin deficiency would cause.
Quinone

A)Impaired blood coagulation
B)Megaloblastic anemia
C)Night blindness
D)Beriberi

Question 30

Match the trace or ultratrace elements with the clinical disorders associated with either deficiency or toxicity.
Selenium

A)Menkes disease
B)Lung cancer
C)Loss of immunocompetence
D)Parkinson disease-like symptoms

Question 31

MATCHING
Match the correct vitamin to the disorder that the vitamin deficiency would cause.
Retinol

A)Impaired blood coagulation
B)Megaloblastic anemia
C)Night blindness
D)Beriberi