Deck 11: Water and Solutions

Question 1

Water containing large amounts of Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ions is said to be hard because it is hard to make soap lather in the water.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following are properties of basic solutions?

A)They turn the dye litmus red.
B)They taste sour.
C)They feel slippery.
D)They react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Highway departments spread salt on icy roads because the solution process generates heat, which melts the ice.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The solubility of a gas in water decreases as the water temperature increases.

Question 5

Aqueous solutions with one mole of each solid in equal volumes of water are prepared.Which solution would have the lowest freezing point?

A)C₆H₁₂O₆
B)NaNO₃
C)CaCl₂
D)All would have the same freezing point.

Question 6

Which of the following are properties of acidic solutions?

A)They turn the dye litmus red.
B)They taste sour.
C)They react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas.
D)All of the above.

Question 7

A solution is saturated when no more of a solute will dissolve in a solvent.

Question 8

The dye litmus turns blue in basic solutions.

Question 9

The presence of solute molecules makes a solution freeze at a lower temperature than the pure solvent.

Question 10

A bottle of whiskey contains 40% alcohol by volume.This means that the whiskey contains 40 mL of alcohol

A)in every 100 mL of whiskey.
B)mixed with 100 mL of water.
C)mixed with 60 mL of whiskey.
D)in every 140 mL of whiskey.

Question 11

Air is considered to be a homogeneous mixture that is 79 percent nitrogen gas, 20 percent oxygen gas, and 1 percent all the other gases.In this mixture, nitrogen can be considered

A)a solvent.
B)a solute.
C)a solution.
D)saturated.

Question 12

A solution is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 13

Water solutions of ionic substances that conduct electricity are called

A)electrical solutions.
B)polar solutions.
C)electrolytes.
D)indicators.

Question 14

What is the most likely temperature of the water at the bottom of Lake Superior in the winter?

A)0ºC
B)4ºC
C)10ºC
D)The temperature is variable.

Question 15

Hydrogen bonding in water accounts for

A)water's higher than expected boiling temperature.
B)the fact that ice floats in liquid water.
C)the fact that snowflakes are 6-sided.
D)All of the above.

Question 16

A strong acid is a concentrated solution of the acid.

Question 17

The rule "like dissolves like" explains why liquids are generally soluble in other liquids.

Question 18

One mole of particles lowers the freezing point of 1,000 g of water by 1.76ºC.What is the freezing point of a solution containing one mole of NaNO₃ in 1,000 g of water?

A)30.24ºC
B)28.48ºC
C)-1.76ºC
D)-3.52ºC

Question 19

Cooks add a pinch of salt to water to increase its boiling point since it is known that solutions boil at a higher temperature than pure water.

Question 20

Polar compounds such as alcohol would be expected to be

A)more soluble in water than in non-polar solvents.
B)more soluble in non-polar solvents than in water.
C)equally soluble in water and non-polar solvents.
D)None of the above.

Question 21

What do solutions of acids, bases, and salts have in common? They

A)are proton donors.
B)are proton acceptors.
C)all have a pH of less than 7.
D)are electrolytes.

Question 22

A hydrogen bond is

A)what holds the atoms of a water molecule together.
B)a force between hydrogen atoms in adjacent water molecules.
C)a force between a hydrogen atom of one polar molecule and another polar
D)molecule.
E)a force between a hydrogen atom and a metal.

Question 23

Icebergs

A)have about the same density as sea water.
B)are just about as salty as sea water.
C)are nearly pure water.
D)are denser than sea water.

Question 24

When a solvent is cooled, it will dissolve

A)more solid.
B)more gas.
C)less gas.
D)the same amount of solid or gas.

Question 25

Which of the following solutions is likely to have a pH less than 7?

A)sodium chloride
B)ammonia
C)carbonic acid
D)pure water

Question 26

According to the modern definition, NH₃ is

A)an acid because it contains hydrogen.
B)a base because it can accept H⁺ ions from water.
C)an acid because it raises the H⁺ ion concentration.
D)a base because it lowers the pH.

Question 27

If the force of attraction between the ions in a solid is very strong, you would expect the solid to have

A)low solubility in water.
B)high solubility in water.
C)low solubility in a non-polar solvent.
D)high solubility in a non-polar solvent.

Question 28

The water hardness in an area is reported as 700 ppm total dissolved solids.This is the same concentration as

A)0.007%.
B)0.07%.
C)0.7%.
D)7%.

Question 29

A solution with a pH of 2

A)is twice as acidic as one with a pH of 1.
B)is half as acidic as a solution with a pH of 1.
C)is ten times as acidic as a solution with a pH of 1.
D)is one-tenth as acidic as a solution with a pH of 1.

Question 30

In liquid solutions, the solute is

A)a solid.
B)a liquid.
C)a gas.
D)All of these could be true.