Deck 14: Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Chronic Lung Diseases

Question 1

The leading cause of death in the United States is

A)accidents/injury.
B)cancer.
C)cardiovascular disease.
D)violence.

Answer 1

cardiovascular disease.

Question 2

What is the condition in which the heart becomes scarred after a throat infection with a strain of streptococcus bacteria (usually strep throat)?

A)congestive heart failure
B)rheumatic heart disease
C)congenital heart disease
D)cardiomyopathy

Answer 2

rheumatic heart disease

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A)gender
B)family history
C)age
D)personality traits
E)ethnicity

Answer 3

personality traits

Question 4

Which type of lipoprotein takes cholesterol from cells or atherosclerotic deposits back to the liver?

A)very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
B)low density lipoproteins (LDLs)
C)intermediate density lipoproteins (IDLs)
D)high density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Question 5

The right ventricle of the heart

A)receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
B)receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.
C)pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.
D)pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding symptoms of heart attacks is FALSE?

A)Pain may radiate to the neck, jaw, left or right shoulder or arm.
B)An individual may feel a heavy weight or feeling of pressure in the chest.
C)In large studies, more women than men did not have chest pain or discomfort with their heart attack.
D)All symptoms occur in all cases; they are just not always recognized.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is FALSE?

A)PVD most often involves the muscles of the legs.
B)PVD is made worse by tobacco use.
C)PVD is a clue to advanced atherosclerosis.
D)PVD is often fatal in older adults.

Question 8

Perhaps the most important noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is

A)age.
B)gender.
C)race.
D)family history.

Question 9

Kevin woke up and had difficulty speaking.He went to the hospital and, several hours later, his speech was back to normal.What medical condition best describes Kevin's situation?

A)hemorrhagic stroke
B)thrombotic stroke
C)myocardial infarction
D)transient ischemic attack

Question 10

The optimal range for blood pressure levels is

A)systolic, less than 120; and diastolic, less than 80.
B)systolic, less than 130; and diastolic, less than 85.
C)systolic, 130 to 139; and diastolic, 85 to 89.
D)systolic, 140 to 159; and diastolic, 90 to 99.

Question 11

Which of the following conditions, with sudden onset, is NOT a signal that a stroke has occurred?

A)difficulty with speech
B)numbness
C)ringing ears
D)headaches

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding differences between men and women with heart disease is FALSE?

A)If a woman has a heart attack, she is less likely than a man to die from it.
B)Women are more likely to have no symptoms prior to a heart attack.
C)Women are more likely to delay seeking treatment.
D)Health providers may be less likely to think about heart disease in women than in men.

Question 13

Guillermo had a myocardial infarction; in other words, Guillermo had a(n)

A)heart attack.
B)arrhythmia.
C)stroke.
D)cerebrovascular accident.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding high density lipoproteins (HDLs) is FALSE?

A)HDL levels are mainly determined by genetics.
B)Alcohol use influences HDL levels.
C)HDL levels vary greatly with age.
D)HDL levels are higher among women and Blacks.

Question 15

How many chambers does the heart have?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)6

Question 16

Which of the following ethnic population groups has the highest rate of hypertension?

A)Black
B)White
C)Hispanic
D)Asian American

Question 17

A blood clot that develops at a distant site and then travels to a blood vessel where it becomes lodged and blocks blood flow is called a(n)

A)embolism.
B)hemorrhage.
C)thrombosis.
D)aneurysm.

Question 18

Elevated levels of which type of lipoprotein are clearly associated with atherosclerosis?

A)very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
B)low density lipoproteins (LDLs)
C)intermediate density lipoproteins (IDLs)
D)high density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the major controllable risk factors known to increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease?

A)tobacco use
B)hypertension
C)vitamin deficiency
D)high LDL cholesterol

Question 20

Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis is FALSE?

A)It is a progressive process that begins at a young age.
B)It starts with a fatty streak-an accumulation of lipoproteins.
C)Heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease are all due to atherosclerosis.
D)It is an irreversible process.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Secondhand tobacco smoke increases the risk of heart disease.
B)Postmenopausal estrogen replacement decreases the risk of heart disease.
C)High HDL cholesterol levels increase the risk of heart disease.
D)High levels of homocysteine decrease the risk of heart disease.

Question 22

Marian recently went through a surgery in which blood vessels were taken from her legs and then attached to her coronary arteries to allow a bypass of blood flow around some narrowed vessels.Which surgical procedure was performed on Marian?

A)angioplasty
B)echocardiogram
C)coronary artery bypass grafting
D)coronary catheterization

Question 23

High blood levels of the amino acid ________ have been linked to increased risks of cardiovascular disease.

A)homocysteine
B)insulin
C)glucosamine
D)lipoprotein A

Question 24

Visceral fat, as indicated by abdominal circumference and lack of physical activity, appears to be a strong indicator of risk for which type of diabetes?

A)prediabetes
B)Type-1
C)Type-2
D)gestational

Question 25

Which type of obesity is NOT associated with obesity?

A)prediabetes
B)Type-1
C)Type-2
D)both prediabetes and Type-1

Question 26

In the United States, ________ people are at high risk of developing diabetes in the next 10 years.

A)53 thousand
B)123,000
C)43 million
D)79 million

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding tobacco and cardiovascular risk is FALSE?

A)Tobacco damages the inner lining of blood vessels.
B)Tobacco triggers spasms that close off blood vessels.
C)Tobacco decreases levels of HDL cholesterol.
D)Tobacco decreases levels of LDL cholesterol.

Question 28

During which surgical procedure is a balloon catheter threaded into the narrowed area of a closed vessel and inflated to stretch the vessel open again?

A)angioplasty
B)coronary artery bypass
C)echocardiogram
D)coronary catheterization

Question 29

What is the leading controllable risk factor for all forms of cardiovascular disease?

A)hypertension
B)tobacco use
C)obesity
D)alcohol use

Question 30

Type-1 diabetes is caused by

A)the leaching of glucose from the pancreas by the immune system.
B)the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas by the immune system.
C)a spike in insulin levels in the pancreas.
D)lowered insulin resistance in reaction to a steady supply of insulin from an external source.

Question 31

A combination of insulin resistance, hypertension, high lipids, and central obesity represents what medical syndrome?

A)homocysteine syndrome
B)metabolic syndrome
C)inflammatory response
D)C-reactive syndrome

Question 32

Which of the following statements regarding tobacco use and cardiovascular disease is FALSE?

A)Smoking alters the blood-clotting process.
B)The risk of heart attack or stroke is related to the number of cigarettes smoked and the duration of use.
C)Smoking effects appear to decrease about 10 years after tobacco use is stopped.
D)Environmental (secondhand) tobacco smoke increases risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 33

A person with which of the following is most likely to require supplemental oxygen in later stages?

A)asthma
B)bronchitis
C)chronic bronchitis
D)emphysema

Question 34

Which of the following statements regarding cardiovascular health and diabetes is FALSE?

A)People with diabetes are two to four times more likely than people without diabetes to develop cardiovascular disease.
B)Blood vessels in diabetics are particularly susceptible to atherosclerosis.
C)Atherosclerosis occurs at an earlier age and is more extensive in diabetics.
D)People with diabetes are less likely to have "silent" heart attacks.

Question 35

The two most common forms of chronic lung disease are asthma and

A)COPD.
B)lower respiratory disease.
C)pneumonia.
D)smoking.

Question 36

Which of the following chronic lung diseases is indicated if you have the following symptoms: an ongoing cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness?

A)bronchitis and emphysema
B)emphysema
C)asthma
D)asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema

Question 37

Type-2 diabetes accounts for ________ of all cases of diabetes.

A)less than 10 percent
B)half
C)60 to 70 percent
D)90 to 95 percent

Question 38

Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of cerebrovascular disease is FALSE?

A)Clot-dissolving medications can decrease the damage caused by a stroke.
B)Clot-dissolving medications can restore blood flow to the brain.
C)Clot-dissolving medications can only be administered within the first three hours of the onset of symptoms of a stroke.
D)Clot-dissolving medications can be used for all types of strokes.

Question 39

A diet that supports cardiovascular health does NOT emphasize which of the following?

A)high-fat dairy
B)fish
C)fruits
D)vegetables

Question 40

An electrocardiogram, or EKG, is used to visualize what?

A)electrical activity in the heart
B)heart wall muscle movement
C)heart valves
D)blocked coronary arteries

Question 41

Most people have palpitations or irregular beats of the heart several times a day.

Question 42

Hypertension is more common among Whites than among Blacks.

Question 43

Moderate alcohol use has not been proven to decrease the likelihood of cardiovascular disease.

Question 44

Over the last 30 years, the death rate from cardiovascular disease has increased.

Question 45

Atherosclerosis is a progressive process that takes years to develop and starts at a young age; autopsies of 15-year-olds show development of atherosclerosis.

Question 46

The risk for cardiovascular disease decreases within a few years of quitting smoking.

Question 47

People with diabetes are particularly susceptible to atherosclerosis.

Question 48

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

Question 49

When an individual has high blood pressure, his or her heart must work harder than normal to circulate blood.

Question 50

Exercise, moderate alcohol, and estrogen can all increase high density lipoproteins (HDLs).

Question 51

A diagnosis of one type of cardiovascular disease does not necessarily indicate risk for another type.

Question 52

Women tend to develop heart disease about 10 years later than men do.

Question 53

Cerebrovascular accidents are the third-leading cause of death in the United States.

Question 54

Men are more likely to die from a heart attack than women.

Question 55

Blacks have higher rates of hypertension than Whites.

Question 56

Elevated triglycerides appear to be a protective factor for coronary heart disease.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding treatments for asthma?

A)Inhaled steroids works locally within the bronchioles to reduce inflammation.
B)Inhaled steroids are used during asthma attacks.
C)Bronchodilators help reduce asthma symptoms.
D)Flu shots are recommended when viruses and infections act as triggers.

Question 58

Hostility and anger are traits correlated with heart disease.

Question 59

Pain, aches, or cramping in the legs that occurs with walking and that limits activity may be a sign of peripheral vascular disease.

Question 60

The term cardiovascular disease covers abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels.

Question 61

Gestational diabetes is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy.

Question 62

A key difference between Type-1 diabetes and Type-2 diabetes is that with Type-2, insulin replacement is not used.

Question 63

Hypnosis may be useful to help control hypertension and other chronic health problems.

Question 64

Strong social networks have been shown to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 65

Infection may play a role in cardiovascular disease.

Question 66

Smoking both carries an immediate hazard for heart attack and has a long-term effect on atherosclerosis.

Question 67

Aspirin increases the rate of heart attack and stroke for men and women.

Question 68

Nearly 22 million people in the United States have asthma.

Question 69

For most women who develop gestational diabetes during a pregnancy, diabetes becomes an ongoing condition.

Question 70

Lipoproteins have been associated with a decrease in risk for coronary artery disease.

Question 71

Research has shown no association between birth weight and cardiovascular disease.

Question 72

The significance of early prevention has decreased as scientists learn more about chronic diseases like CVD, diabetes, and lung disease.

Question 73

Type-2 diabetes accounts for approximately half of all cases of diabetes.

Question 74

Metabolic syndrome involves a combination of insulin resistance, hypertension, high lipids, and central obesity.

Question 75

Reduction of saturated fat intake is known to reduce low density lipoproteins (LDLs).

Question 76

Data suggest that the regular use of meditation may decrease blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the blood.

Question 77

Asthma tends to develop as people experience cumulative damage to their airways and alveoli over time.

Question 78

The two most common forms of chronic lung disease are asthma and chronic bronchiolitis.

Question 79

Brightly colored fruits and vegetables and nuts and seeds are high in important antioxidants.

Question 80

The primary cause of both chronic bronchitis and emphysema is smoking.