Deck 10: Juveniles in the Criminal Justice System

Question 1

A type of waiver that involves the prosecutor filling a petition with a juvenile court requesting that the juvenile court waive the juvenile to adult court is called a ____________.

A)judicial waiver
B)legislature waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)discretionary judicial waiver

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A type of legislative waiver that mandates that all offenses a juvenile commits after having been waived to adult court and convicted will also be handled in adult court is called __________.

A)once an adult, always an adult
B)three strikes and your out
C)repeat offender waiver
D)discretionary judicial waiver
E)multiple offender waiver

Answer 2

A

Question 3

For their crimes Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden spent ________ years in prison.

A)30 and 40
B)7 and 10 years
C)they both received life imprisonment
D)they both received 40 years imprisonment
E)they both were scheduled to be executed

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A type of waiver to adult court in which a juvenile court judge makes the decision to waive a juvenile to adult court is called a ____________.

A)judicial waiver
B)legislature waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)discretionary judicial waiver

Question 5

The most common method of waiver to adult court and the one with the longest history is ______________.

A)judicial waiver
B)legislature waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)discretionary judicial waiver

Question 6

A hearing held in juvenile court in which a prosecutor and defense attorney may present evidence on whether or not the juvenile should be waived to adult court is called a __________.

A)waiver hearing
B)legislature waiver hearing
C)prosecutorial waiver hearing
D)discretionary judicial waiver

Question 7

A type of waiver to adult court in which a juvenile is automatically sent to adult court because of the type of offenses that was committed is called a ____________________.

A)judicial waiver
B)legislature waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)discretionary judicial waiver

Question 8

The process through which a juvenile court relinquishes jurisdiction over a juvenile offender and the case is processed in adult court is called ________________.

A)waiver
B)transfer
C)remand
D)binding
E)all of the above

Question 9

Another name for waiver to adult court is _____________

A)certification
B)transfer
C)remand
D)binding
E)all of the above

Question 10

How many documented cases of juveniles being executed in America are there?

A)112
B)254
C)366
D)505
E)over 600

Question 11

Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden were tried for the crime of ________________.

A)selling drugs
B)rape
C)murder
D)auto theft
E)robbery

Question 12

Which educational group is most likely to believe that juveniles should receive more lenient treatment than adults for violent crime?

A)College post-graduate
B)College graduate
C)Some college
D)High School graduate

Question 13

The first juvenile execution occurred in Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts, in 1642.The juvenile executed was __________.

A)Thomas Kent
B)Thomas Graunger
C)Thomas Sawyer, who was later used as a character by Mark Twain
D)Thomas Mayberry

Question 14

The minimum age that a juvenile may be waived to adult court in Kansas and Vermont is ___________.

A)10
B)11
C)12
D)13
E)14

Question 15

Which part of the country is most likely to believe that juveniles should be treated the same as adults for violent offenses?

A)north
B)south
C)east
D)west

Question 16

How many states allow a juvenile to be waived to adult court?

A)18
B)28
C)35
D)40
E)all states

Question 17

Which right was not granted to juveniles in Kent v.United States?

A)right to a hearing
B)right to counsel
C)right to access
D)right to a statement issued by the judge in deciding waiver
E)right to bail

Question 18

A type of waiver to adult court that occurs when there is concurrent jurisdiction between juvenile and adult courts and the prosecutor has the option of filling charges against the juvenile offender in either court is called ___________.

A)judicial waiver
B)legislature waiver
C)prosecutorial waiver
D)discretionary judicial waiver
E)discretionary prosecutorial waiver

Question 19

At what age must a juvenile court relinquish control over a juvenile?

A)19
B)20
C)21
D)22
E)all of the above could be correct depending on the state

Question 20

What percentage of juvenile cases are waived to adult court?

A)less than 1%
B)6%
C)8%
D)12%
E)16%

Question 21

Today, 38 states allow juveniles to be waived to adult courts while 12 states do not.

Question 22

In some states, a 10-year-old who commits capital murder could be incarcerated until he is 50 years old.

Question 23

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court rule that the execution of offenders who were under the age of 18 when their crimes were committed could not be executed?

A)Stanford v.Kentucky
B)Atkins v.Virginia
C)Savage v.McAninch
D)Roper v.Simmons

Question 24

Many argue that the primary reason for waiver to adult court is to impose more severe sanctions, in particular longer sentences, than are allowed in juvenile court.

Question 25

Juvenile courts in some states can keep jurisdiction of a juvenile until the age of 25.

Question 26

Prior to Roper v.Simmons, the United States was only one of eight countries in the world that allowed the execution of juvenile offenders.

Question 27

Prior to Roper v.Simmons, a juvenile who was at least age 16 at the time of the offense could receive the death penalty.

Question 28

The most common method of waiver to adult court, and the one with the longest history, is judicial waiver.

Question 29

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that is was unconstitutional to execute a mentally retarded person?

A)Stanford v.Kentucky
B)Atkins v.Virginia
C)Savage v.McAninch
D)Roper v.Simmons

Question 30

The first juvenile execution occurred in Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts, in 1642.The juvenile executed was Thomas Sawyer, who was later used as a character by Mark Twain.

Question 31

Prosecutorial waiver occurs when there is concurrent jurisdiction in the juvenile and adult courts and the prosecutor has the option of filing charges against the offender in either court.

Question 32

In Kansas and Vermont, children the age of 10 can be waived to adult court.

Question 33

In the case of Stanford v.Kentucky the U.S.Supreme Court ruled _____________.

A)that the execution of a juvenile is unconstitutional
B)that the execution of a juvenile who was 16 years of age or older at the time of the offense did not violate the 8^th Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment
C)that the execution of a juvenile who was 14 years of age or older at the time of the offense did not violate the 8^th Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment
D)that execution for rape are unconstitutional

Question 34

Under presumptive waiver, the prosecution bears the burden of proof and must justify to the judge why the juvenile should be waived.

Question 35

Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden received 40 years for their crimes.

Question 36

Youths under the age of 16 are unlikely to be waived to adult court.

Question 37

The minimum age at which a state can relinquish jurisdiction over a juvenile is 21.

Question 38

Waiver to adult court is used in over 5% of all delinquency cases.

Question 39

The use of waiver to adult court is quite common.Twelve percent of all juvenile cases are waived to adult court.

Question 40

Democrats are more likely than republicans to favor treating juveniles who commit violent crime like adults.

Question 41

In the case of Stanford v.Kentucky the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that the execution of a juvenile is unconstitutional.

Question 42

People in the south are more likely to believe that juveniles should be treated the same as adults for violent offenses.

Question 43

What are the three types of judicial waiver? Explain each in detail.

Question 44

In the case of Atkins v.Virginia the Supreme Court ruled that is was unconstitutional to execute a mentally retarded person.

Question 45

Explain the case of Stanford v.Kentucky.

Question 46

Juveniles are waived to adult court for three basic reasons.What are those reasons?

Question 47

What are the three types of waiver to adult court? Explain each in detail.

Question 48

Explain the concept of judicial waiver.

Question 49

Explain all of the rights granted to juveniles by Kent v.United States.

Question 50

Explain how different states have different minimum ages for waiver to adult court.

Question 51

What is the effect of "once an adult, always an adult" laws on juvenile prosecutions?

Question 52

What is a discretionary waiver?

Question 53

At what age must a court relinquish jurisdiction over a juvenile?

Question 54

What are the five types of blended sentences?

Question 55

What are the Kent criterion for waiving a juvenile to adult court.

Question 56

As of 2008, only 2 states allowed mandatory judicial waiver.

Question 57

Explain the crimes of Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden.

Question 58

Between 2001 and 2005, the number of judicially waived delinquency cases increased 79%.

Question 59

Explain the case of Roper v.Simmons

Question 60

Explain presumptive waiver and the criteria that trigger it.